Cross-sectional seroprevalence study of peste des petits ruminants in goats in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India

Background: Smart phones have become an integral part of youth. But at the same time addiction towards its use have become a serious concern among them. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of smart phone usage among medical college students and their demographic characteristics.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 192 medical students. A self administered SAS scale has been used to assess the level of smart phone addiction. Subjects were classified into smart phone non-user group, a low smart phone user group and a high smart phone user group.Results: Out of 192 subjects who completed the questionnaires 85.40% (n=164) had smart phone addiction. Out of the total 192 students 28 students (14.60%) were low smart phone users, of which 9 were boys (14.30%) and 19 were girls (14.70%). Among 164 (85.40%) high smart phone users 54 students were boys (85.70%) and 110 were girls (85.30%) which was not statistically significant at 5% level (chi square=0.007, p=0.935).Conclusions: Medical college students in Andaman and Nicobar Islands are more vulnerable for smart phone addiction.

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Leptospiral carrier state and seroprevalence among animal population – a cross-sectional sample survey in Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s095026880300880x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 131 (2) ◽

pp. 985-989 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

S. SHARMA ◽

P. VIJAYACHARI ◽

A. P. SUGUNAN ◽

S. C. SEHGAL

Keyword(s):

Rattus Rattus ◽

Domestic Animals ◽

Carrier State ◽

Agglutination Test ◽

Sample Survey ◽

Animal Population ◽

Andaman And Nicobar Islands ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nicobar Islands ◽

Sera Samples

A study was conducted with the objective of assessing the leptospiral carrier state and seroprevalence among animal population of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. A total of 494 sera samples from different domestic animals and 85 samples from rats (Rattus rattus) were tested by microscopic agglutination test using nine serogroups prevalent in these islands. Antibodies to leptospires were detected in 164 samples giving an overall seroprevalence of (33·11%). The seroprevalence was highest among cows (40·32%). Of 85 rat (Rattus rattus) samples tested for antileptospiral antibodies six (7·1%) were positive. Leptospires were isolated from kidney of two rats and urine of one cow. Isolate from urine of cow was heavily contaminated and was subsequently lost during further subculture. The two isolates were found to be pathogenic, belonging to serogroup Grippotyphosa. The isolates were further characterized by using a set of monoclonal antibodies. The agglutination patterns of isolates were similar to that of ratnapura and valbuzzi, however these did not completely match.

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Leptospiral infection among primitive tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268899002435 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 122 (3) ◽

pp. 423-428 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

S. C. SEHGAL ◽

P. VIJAYACHARI ◽

M. V. MURHEKAR ◽

A. P. SUGUNAN ◽

S. SHARMA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Fatality ◽

Andaman Islands ◽

Andaman And Nicobar Islands ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Seropositivity Rate ◽

Seroprevalence Study ◽

The Status ◽

Nicobar Islands ◽

Settler Population

The Andaman islands were known to be endemic for leptospirosis during the early part of the century. Later, for about six decades no information about the status of the disease in these islands was available. In the late 1980s leptospirosis reappeared among the settler population and several outbreaks have been reported with high case fatality rates. Besides settlers, these islands are the home of six primitive tribes of which two are still hostile. These tribes have ample exposure to environment conducive for transmission of leptospirosis. Since no information about the level of endemicity of the disease among the tribes is available, a seroprevalence study was carried out among all the accessible tribes of the islands. A total of 1557 serum samples from four of the tribes were collected and examined for presence of antileptospiral antibodies using Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) employing 10 serogroups as antigens. An overall seropositivity rate of 19·1% was observed with the highest rate of 53·5% among the Shompens. The seropositivity rates in the other tribes were 16·4% among Nicobarese, 22·2% among the Onges and 14·8% among the Great Andamanese. All of the tribes except the Onges showed a similar pattern of change in the seroprevalence rates with age. The prevalence rates were rising from low values among children to reach a peak in those aged 21–40 years and then declined. Among Onges the seroprevalence rates continued to rise beyond 40 years. In all the tribes, seroprevalence rates were found to be significantly higher among the males. The commonest serogroups encountered were Australis followed by Grippotyphosa, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona and Canicola.

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Studies on the Shallow-Water Starfishes of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin Zoologisches Museum und Institut für Spezielle Zoologie (Berlin) ◽

10.1002/mmnz.4830540208 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 345-351

Author(s):

J. M. Julka ◽

Sumita Das

Keyword(s):

Shallow Water ◽

Andaman And Nicobar Islands ◽

Nicobar Islands

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Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus Infection at the Wildlife–Livestock Interface in the Greater Serengeti Ecosystem, 2015–2019

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13050838 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 838

Author(s):

Bryony A. Jones ◽

Mana Mahapatra ◽

Daniel Mdetele ◽

Julius Keyyu ◽

Francis Gakuya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Small Ruminants ◽

Viral Disease ◽

Global Strategy ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Weighted Estimate ◽

Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽

African Buffalo ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Serengeti Ecosystem

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a viral disease of goats and sheep that occurs in Africa, the Middle East and Asia with a severe impact on livelihoods and livestock trade. Many wild artiodactyls are susceptible to PPR virus (PPRV) infection, and some outbreaks have threatened endangered wild populations. The role of wild species in PPRV epidemiology is unclear, which is a knowledge gap for the Global Strategy for the Control and Eradication of PPR. These studies aimed to investigate PPRV infection in wild artiodactyls in the Greater Serengeti and Amboseli ecosystems of Kenya and Tanzania. Out of 132 animals purposively sampled in 2015–2016, 19.7% were PPRV seropositive by ID Screen PPR competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA; IDvet, France) from the following species: African buffalo, wildebeest, topi, kongoni, Grant’s gazelle, impala, Thomson’s gazelle, warthog and gerenuk, while waterbuck and lesser kudu were seronegative. In 2018–2019, a cross-sectional survey of randomly selected African buffalo and Grant’s gazelle herds was conducted. The weighted estimate of PPRV seroprevalence was 12.0% out of 191 African buffalo and 1.1% out of 139 Grant’s gazelles. All ocular and nasal swabs and faeces were negative by PPRV real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Investigations of a PPR-like disease in sheep and goats confirmed PPRV circulation in the area by rapid detection test and/or RT-qPCR. These results demonstrated serological evidence of PPRV infection in wild artiodactyl species at the wildlife–livestock interface in this ecosystem where PPRV is endemic in domestic small ruminants. Exposure to PPRV could be via spillover from infected small ruminants or from transmission between wild animals, while the relatively low seroprevalence suggests that sustained transmission is unlikely. Further studies of other major wild artiodactyls in this ecosystem are required, such as impala, Thomson’s gazelle and wildebeest.

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