Laboratory experiments on nematodes from natural CO2 springs reveal species-specific tolerance to extreme CO2 concentrations

AbstractA study was conducted to examine the springtime hatching characteristics of Melanoplus sanguinipes (F.) and Aulocara elliotti (Thomas) eggs on rangeland. Laboratory experiments showed that eggs of M. sanguinipes required fewer accumulated degree days (DD) to complete post-diapause development than those of A. elliotti at a constant temperature of 23.3°C. Springtime field observations revealed that A. elliotti nymphs emerged prior to or concurrent with M. sanguinipes. Additionally, results suggest that A. elliotti nymphs emerge over a shorter interval than M. sanguinipes. Much of the variation in springtime emergence could be attributed to species-specific oviposition sites, pod depth, and pod orientation that resulted in A. elliotti eggs accumulating heat more rapidly than M. sanguinipes eggs. Results help explain some of the variation found in egg hatching of these two grasshopper species on rangeland.

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Do Odontomachus brunneus nestmates request for help and are taken care of when caught?

Sociobiology ◽

10.13102/sociobiology.v68i3.6022 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. e6022

Author(s):

Luiz Carlos Santos Junior ◽

Emerson Pereira Silva ◽

William Fernando Antonialli-Junior

Keyword(s):

Social Insects ◽

Response Latency ◽

Laboratory Experiments ◽

Behavioral Responses ◽

Chemical Signaling ◽

Optimal Range ◽

Potential Predator ◽

Species Specific ◽

Odontomachus Brunneus ◽

To Receive

In social insects, situations can arise that threaten an individual or an entire colony. When the call for help goes out, different behavioral responses are elicited by signals emitted from nestmates. In ants, the response can be one of redemptive behavior by the worker receiving it. However, little is known about the evolution of this behavior and in which group of ants it manifests. Therefore, this study investigates whether workers of Odontomachus brunneus Patton can act as rescuers, able to detect and respond to calls for help from nestmates. Laboratory experiments were carried out in which the legs of ants were trapped by tape, simulating capture by a predator. Nearby were nestmates able to receive and respond to a request for help. Two experiments were performed: 1. Calls for help were made at different distances, in order to test the response latency. 2. Evaluation of whether rescuers would respond differently to calls for help from nestmates, non-nestmates of the same species, and ants of another species. Finally, evaluation was made of the behaviors of the rescuers when they responded to requests for help from nestmates and ants of another species. It could be concluded from the results that O. brunneus workers respond to signals emitted by workers who may have been captured by a potential predator, prompting the performance of behaviors related to rescue attempts. The signals involved appear to have an optimal range and are species-specific. When exposed to a capture situation, this species transmits audible signals by stridulation, so it is possible that this type of signal may be involved, in addition to chemical signaling.

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Consumer and host body size effects on the removal of trematode cercariae by ambient communities

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182018001488 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 146 (3) ◽

pp. 342-347

Author(s):

Jennifer E. Welsh ◽

Anke Hempel ◽

Mirjana Markovic ◽

Jaap van der Meer ◽

David W. Thieltges

Keyword(s):

Body Size ◽

Size Effects ◽

Laboratory Experiments ◽

Feeding Activity ◽

Removal Rates ◽

Host Interactions ◽

Host Body ◽

Species Specific ◽

Host Body Size ◽

Significant Mortality

AbstractParasite transmission can be altered via the removal of parasites by the ambient communities in which parasite–host interactions take place. However, the mechanisms driving parasite removal remain poorly understood. Using marine trematode cercariae as a model system, we investigated the effects of consumer and host body size on parasite removal rates. Laboratory experiments revealed that consumer or host body size significantly affected cercarial removal rates in crabs, oysters and cockles but not in shrimps. In general, cercarial removal rates increased with consumer (crabs and oysters) and host (cockles) body size. For the filter feeding oysters and cockles, the effects probably relate to their feeding activity which is known to correlate with bivalve size. Low infection levels found in cockle hosts suggest that parasite removal by hosts also leads to significant mortality of infective stages. The size effects of crab and shrimp predators on cercarial removal rates were more complex and did not show an expected size match-mismatch between predators and their cercarial prey, suggesting that parasite removal rates in predators are species-specific. We conclude that to have a comprehensive understanding of parasite removal by ambient communities, more research into the various mechanisms of cercarial removal is required.

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IN VIVO ANTI-CD45RB ANTIBODY-INDUCED REGULATORY T CELLS DEMONSTRATE SPECIES-SPECIFIC TOLERANCE TO DISCORDANT HUMAN XENOGENIC ISLETS

Transplantation Journal ◽

10.1097/01.tp.0000702044.41026.5a ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 104 (S3) ◽

pp. S637-S637

Author(s):

Gaoping Zhao ◽

Maozh Yang ◽

Minxue Liao ◽

Yanzhuo Liu ◽

Yuanyuan Cui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Regulatory T Cells ◽

Species Specific ◽

Specific Tolerance

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Root respiration response to high CO2 concentrations in plants from natural CO2 springs

Environmental and Experimental Botany ◽

10.1016/j.envexpbot.2004.06.003 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 90-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

I. Maček ◽

H. Pfanz ◽

V. Francetič ◽

F. Batič ◽

D. Vodnik

Keyword(s):

Root Respiration ◽

High Co2 ◽

Co2 Concentrations ◽

Natural Co2 Springs

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Competitive reversal between plant species is driven by species‐specific tolerance to flooding stress and nutrient acquisition during early marsh succession

Journal of Applied Ecology ◽

10.1111/1365-2664.13458 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 56 (9) ◽

pp. 2236-2247 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andrew Muench ◽

Tracy Elsey‐Quirk

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Nutrient Acquisition ◽

Flooding Stress ◽

Species Specific ◽

Specific Tolerance

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Do epibenthic algae induce species-specific settlement of coral larvae?

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom ◽

10.1017/s0025315410000573 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 91 (3) ◽

pp. 677-683 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Go Suzuki ◽

Takeshi Hayashibara

Keyword(s):

Habitat Selection ◽

Laboratory Experiments ◽

Growth Period ◽

Reef Slope ◽

Coral Larvae ◽

Acropora Digitifera ◽

As Species ◽

Middle Slope ◽

Species Specific ◽

Selection Of

Effect of epibenthic algae as species-specific coral settlement inducers was examined by laboratory experiments using six Acropora species. When epibenthic algae grew on artificial plates at three depths (shallow, middle and deep) on a reef slope over a period of two months, there was no effect as species-specific inducers. However, when the growth period was prolonged to five months, the larvae of Acropora digitifera which dominates on the shallow reef slope mainly settled on the plates that were conditioned at the shallow depth, while the larvae of A. muricata which dominates on the middle slope concentrated on the plates that were conditioned at the middle depth. These results indicate that epibenthic algae may act as a cue for the habitat selection of Acropora corals as a settlement inducer. However, the fact that there was no preference for specific plates in other species suggested that epibenthic algae do not act as a sole indicator in selecting a suitable settlement place for Acropora larvae.

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