scholarly journals Thermomechanical testing under operating conditions of A516Gr70 used for CSP storage tanks

2018 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 509-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Prieto ◽  
Camila Barreneche ◽  
Mònica Martínez ◽  
Luisa F. Cabeza ◽  
A. Inés Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Thermomechanical Testing

Investigation of fatigue performance of low temperature alloys for liquefied natural gas storage tanks

2015 ◽  
Vol 229 (7) ◽  
pp. 1300-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Jin Oh ◽  
Jae-Myung Lee ◽  
Byeong-Jae Noh ◽  
Wha-Soo Kim ◽  
Ryuichi-Ando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Fatigue Performance ◽  
Nickel Steel ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Operating Life

One of the most important issues associated with liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage tanks, such as LNG carrier cargo tanks and land LNG tanks, is their structural integrity. In order to ensure the operating life and safety of LNG storage tanks used under operating conditions such as thermal and cyclic loadings, the securing of safety evaluations for fatigue performance is considered to be of particular importance. There have been various efforts to reduce the production costs of LNG storage tanks, such as the optimum selection of materials and the development of new low temperature materials. This, the motivation of this study is to evaluate new material candidates for LNG storage tanks. This study begins with a comprehensive review of the characteristics of low temperature alloys such as SUS 304L, Invar, A5083 and 9% Ni steel that are widely used for LNG storage tanks. Then, the fatigue characteristics of a newly developed low temperature material, 7% nickel steel are investigated. Finally, the fatigue performance of 7% nickel steel is compared with that of 9% nickel steel.

Performance of Rigid Porous Stratification Manifolds With Interpretation for Off-Design Operation

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuping Wang ◽  
Jane H. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Inlet Flow Rate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Collector Efficiency ◽  
D Model

Thermal stratification of solar water storage tanks improves collector efficiency and provides higher quality energy to the user. A crucial aspect of maintaining stratification is preventing mixing in the tank, particularly during solar charging and hot water draws. An effective and simple approach to flow control is an internal stratification manifold. In this paper, the performance of the rigid porous manifold, which consists of a series of vertical hydraulic resistance elements placed within a perforated tube, is considered for charging operation. A 1-D model of the governing mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations is used to illustrate the procedure for designing a manifold and to explore its performance over a broad range of operating conditions expected in solar water storage tanks. A manifold performance indicator (MPI) is used to evaluate the effectiveness of the manifold relative to an inlet pipe positioned at the top of the tank. The rigid porous manifold improves the stratification in the tank over a wide range of operating conditions unless the inlet flow rate is significantly reduced from the design point.

scholarly journals Automated parameter optimization of a water distribution system

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maikel Méndez ◽  
José A. Araya ◽  
Luís D. Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Space ◽  
Parameter Optimization ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Water Distribution System ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Parameter Estimator

The hydraulic model EPANET was applied and calibrated for the water distribution system (WDS) of La Sirena, Colombia. The Parameter ESTimator (PEST) was used for parameter optimization and sensitivity analysis. Observation data included levels at water storage tanks and pressures at monitoring nodes. Adjustable parameters were grouped into different classes according to two different scenarios identified as constrained and unconstrained. These scenarios were established to evaluate the effect of parameter space size and compensating errors over the calibration process. Results from the unconstrained scenario, where 723 adjustable parameters were declared, showed that considerable compensating errors are introduced into the optimization process if all parameters were open to adjustment. The constrained scenario on the other hand, represented a more properly discretized scheme as parameters were grouped into classes of similar characteristics and insensitive parameters were fixed. This had a profound impact on the parameter space as adjustable parameters were reduced to 24. The constrained solution, even when it is valid only for the system's normal operating conditions, clearly demonstrates that Parallel PEST (PPEST) has the potential to be used in the calibration of WDS models. Nevertheless, further investigation is needed to determine PPEST's performance in complex WDS models.

Performance of Rigid Porous Stratification Manifolds With Interpretation for Off-Design Operation

2013 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuping Wang ◽  
Jane H. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Inlet Flow Rate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
1D Model ◽  
Collector Efficiency

Thermal stratification of solar water storage tanks improves collector efficiency and provides higher quality energy to the user. A crucial aspect of maintaining stratification is preventing mixing in the tank, particularly during solar charging and hot water draws. An effective and simple approach to flow control is an internal stratification manifold. In this paper, the performance of the rigid porous manifold, which consists of a series of vertical hydraulic resistance elements placed within a perforated tube, is considered for charging operation. A 1D model of the governing mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations is used to illustrate the procedure for designing a manifold and to explore its performance over a broad range of operating conditions expected in solar water storage tanks. A manifold performance indicator (MPI) is used to evaluate the effectiveness of the manifold relative to an inlet pipe positioned at the top of the tank. The rigid porous manifold improves the stratification in the tank over a wide range of operating conditions unless the inlet flow rate is significantly reduced from the design point.

Vortexing and Air Withdrawal Evaluations for Storage Tanks Using Physical Hydraulic Model Studies

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amie Humphrey Facendola ◽  
Ludwig Haber ◽  
Andrew Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Boundary Curve ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Return Flow ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Suction Nozzle ◽  
Critical Submergence ◽  
General Guidance

Knowing and minimizing the critical submergence of storage tanks for various operating conditions in power plants is very valuable to engineers. The goal is to maximize the usable emergency water volume and maintain tank operations such that no air (from vortexing or otherwise) is ever withdrawn into tank suction nozzle(s), that then could jeopardize continued operation of system pumps. While empirically derived curves for air withdrawal predictions can provide some general guidance, they cannot predict actual submergence requirements, especially when return flow is present and water level drops continuously. Physical hydraulic models can be used effectively to determine the critical submergence for plant specific geometries at all possible operating conditions. This paper presents a range of results of physical model studies conducted to determine critical submergence at various operating conditions and compares them with empirically derived curves to determine any possible trends or definitive rules. Critical submergence for all points on all studies was below the Hydraulic Institute boundary curve for pump intake design and below the Reddy and Pickford boundary curve for all cases without return flow to the tank and most with return flow to the tank. Both are much more conservative estimates at high Froude numbers as compared with lower Froude numbers. The Harleman curve, which was derived for the selective withdrawal of density stratified fluids, is neither predictive nor conservative.

scholarly journals Numerical Analysis of Thermal Stratification in Large Horizontal Thermal Energy Storage Tanks

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maikel Shaarawy ◽  
Marilyn Lightstone
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Second Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Buoyant Jet ◽  
Jet Mixing

This paper presents the results of a numerical study on the thermal performance of large horizontal thermal energy storage tanks. The numerical model was validated using measurements obtained from Drake Landing Solar Community (DLSC), which is located in Alberta, Canada. A total of seven different baffle configurations were assessed for a range of operating conditions. Characterization of the tank performance was done by monitoring the tank outlet temperature and computing the Huhn efficiency, which is a characterization index based on the second law of thermodynamics. Results show that the current tanks at DLSC experience excessive mixing due to fluid entrainment from the inlet jet. A newly introduced design that confines the inlet jet mixing shows the potential to enhance the level of stratification during charging or discharging at a constant temperature. In addition, most designs tested have a relatively high level of stratification during charging, discharging, and simultaneous charging and discharging, but fail to sustain the level of stratification when a positive buoyant jet is introduced.

scholarly journals A REVIEW: THE EFFECT OF OPERATING CONDITIONS AND THERMAL MANAGEMENT ON THE PERFORMANCES OF METAL HYDRIDE HYDROGEN STORAGE TANK

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taurista Perdana Syawitri
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Management ◽  
Metal Hydride ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
H2 Adsorption ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Hydride Hydrogen ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

For safety and operability concerns, the use of metal hydrides to store hydrogen appears to be particularly promising option for alternative energy at present. However, the process of adding, removing and distributing heat during the hydrogen charging/ discharging process is problematic due to the poor effective thermal conductivity of the metal hydride porous bed and the high enthalpies of H2 adsorption/desorption. Therefore, heat transfer is a critical factor affecting the performance of metal hydride hydrogen (MHR) storage tanks. Over decade, many researches focused on MHR’s operating conditions and its thermal management to improve its performance.

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