scholarly journals Excess mortality in Russia and its regions compared to high income countries: An analysis of monthly series of 2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 101006
Author(s):  
Sergey Timonin ◽  
Ilya Klimkin ◽  
Vladimir M. Shkolnikov ◽  
Evgeny Andreev ◽  
Martin McKee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Excess Mortality ◽  
High Income ◽  
Its Regions

Excess mortality in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 7-23
Author(s):  
Radosław Murkowski
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
The World ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
Causes Of Deaths ◽  
Excess Deaths

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic began in China in November 2019, and spread to most countries around the world in the early 2020, causing a large increase in deaths. The aim of the study described in this paper is to estimate and analyse the geographical and temporal variations in excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 in Poland and its regions. The study took into consideration variables such as sex, age and the stage of the pandemic in correlation with the reported number of COVID-19 deaths and the reported number of SARS-CoV-2 virus infections. The standard weekly mortality rate in Poland in 2020 was calculated using the method of time series analysis taking into account weekly seasonal fluctuations in the mortality rate throughout the year, indicated with data reported by registry offices and published by Statistics Poland. The obtained results showed that in 2020, there were approximately 71,000 deaths above the standard number in Poland, most of which, i.e. about 91%, were the deaths of people aged 60 and over. Out of them, only less than 30,000 deaths were reported as deaths caused by COVID-19, which was only about 41% of all excess deaths in this period. The number of excess deaths peaked in the 45th week of 2020, which was the time when the largest number of cases of COVID-19 infection were reported, and not when the largest number of deaths from COVID-19 occurred (which was three weeks later). However, it has not been established yet whether the reason for this situation was an imperfect way of determining the causes of deaths at the beginning of the pandemic, or the excessive burden hospitals were subjected to that caused the increase in deaths from other causes.

scholarly journals Parameter estimates for trends and patterns of excess mortality among persons on antiretroviral therapy in high-income European settings

AIDS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. S271-S281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Trickey ◽  
Ard van Sighem ◽  
John Stover ◽  
Sophie Abgrall ◽  
Sophie Grabar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
High Income ◽  
Parameter Estimates

scholarly journals Democratic governance and excess mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vageesh Jain ◽  
Jonathan Clarke ◽  
Thomas Beaney
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Democratic Governance ◽  
High Income ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Background Excess mortality has been used to assess the health impact of COVID-19 across countries. Democracies aim to build trust in government and enable checks and balances on decision-making, which may be useful in a pandemic. On the other hand, democratic governments have been criticised as slow to enforce restrictive policies and being overly influenced by public opinion. This study sought to understand whether the strength of democratic governance is associated with the variation in excess mortality observed across countries during the pandemic. Methods Through linking open-access datasets we constructed univariable and multivariable linear regression models investigating the association between country EIU Democracy Index (representing the strength of democratic governance on a scale of 0 to 10) and excess mortality rates, from February 2020 to May 2021. We stratified our analysis into high-income and low and middle-income country groups and adjusted for several important confounders. Results Across 78 countries, the mean EIU democracy index was 6.74 (range 1.94 to 9.81) and the mean excess mortality rate was 128 per 100,000 (range -55 to 503 per 100,000). A one-point increase in EIU Democracy Index was associated with a decrease in excess mortality of 26.3 per 100,000 (p=0.002), after accounting for COVID-19 cases, age 65+, gender, prevalence of cardiovascular disease, universal health coverage and the strength of early government restrictions. This association was particularly strong in high-income countries (b=-47.5, p<0.001) but non-significant in low and middle-income countries (b=-10.8, p=0.40). Conclusions Socio-political factors related to the way societies are governed have played an important role in mitigating the overall health impact of COVID-19. Given the omission of such considerations from outbreak risk assessment tools, and their particular significance in high-income countries rated most highly by such tools, this study strengthens the case to broaden the scope of traditional pandemic risk assessment.

The ‘Modernisation’ of Scotland and its Impact on Glasgow, 1955–1979: ‘Unwanted Side Effects’ and Vulnerabilities

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chik Collins ◽  
Ian Levitt
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact

This article reports findings of research into the far-reaching plan to ‘modernise’ the Scottish economy, which emerged from the mid-late 1950s and was formally adopted by government in the early 1960s. It shows the growing awareness amongst policy-makers from the mid-1960s as to the profoundly deleterious effects the implementation of the plan was having on Glasgow. By 1971 these effects were understood to be substantial with likely severe consequences for the future. Nonetheless, there was no proportionate adjustment to the regional policy which was creating these understood ‘unwanted’ outcomes, even when such was proposed by the Secretary of State for Scotland. After presenting these findings, the paper offers some consideration as to their relevance to the task of accounting for Glasgow's ‘excess mortality’. It is suggested that regional policy can be seen to have contributed to the accumulation of ‘vulnerabilities’, particularly in Glasgow but also more widely in Scotland, during the 1960s and 1970s, and that the impact of the post-1979 UK government policy agenda on these vulnerabilities is likely to have been salient in the increase in ‘excess mortality’ evident in subsequent years.

Gold mining industry in Russia and its regions

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1822-1833
Author(s):  
Sn.P. Mongush ◽  
◽  
T.M. Oidup ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Mining ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Its Regions

SATUAN TIMBULAN DAN KOMPOSISI SAMPAH DOMESTIK KABUPATEN TANAH DATAR

Jurnal Dampak ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yommi Dewilda ◽  
Yeggi Darnas
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
High Income ◽  
Income Data

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data timbulan dan komposisi sampah domestik di Kabupaten Tanah Datar serta dapat membandingkan perbedaan timbulan dan komposisi sampah yang dihasilkan berdasarkan tingkat pendapatan masyarakat (High income, Medium income dan Low income). Data timbulan dan komposisi sampah diperlukan dalam perencanaan dan pengembangan sistem pengelolaan sampah. Sampling timbulan dan jumlah sampling dilakukan berdasarkan SNI 19-3964-1994. Hasil penelitian timbulan sampah domestik dalam satuan berat 0,232 kg/o/h dan dalam satuan volume 3,646 l/o/h. Berdasarkan tingkat pendapatan dalam satuan berat High Income (HI) 0,308 kg/o/h, Medium Income (MI) 0,198 kg/o/h dan Low Income (LI) 0,190 kg/o/h dalam satuan volume HI 4,269 l/o/h, MI 3,835 l/o/h dan LI 2,835 l/o/h. Timbulan sampah yang dihasilkan penduduk dengan High Incame lebih besar dibandingkan dengan penduduk dengan pendapatan Medium Income dan Low Income. Komposisi sampah domestik untuk sampah basah 75,5%; sampah plastik 16,6%; sampah kertas 5,3%; sampah tekstil 0,8%; sampah kayu 0,3%; sampah kaca 0,7%; sampah logam ferrous 0,2%; sampah logam non ferrous 0,1%; dan sampah lain-lain 0,5%.Kata kunci: sampah domestik, komposisi sampah, timbulan Sampah

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