Soil respiration and net carbon flux response to long-term reduced/no-tillage with and without residues in a wheat-maize cropping system

Unsustainable cultivation techniques can cause carbon loss on farm. The cultivation technique that is often used by farmers today is intensive tillage. Intensive tillage can increase CO2. Steps to reduce CO2 gas emissions, while increasing carbon stored in the soil by implementing agricultural cultivation with conservation tillage system (Olah Tanah Konservasi). The conservation tillage system is able to reduce global warming through absorption of C in the soil, and reduce CO2 emissions. In addition, fertilization can also affect CO2 emissions. CO2 emissions in the soil come from soil respiration. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of long-term tillage systems on soil respiration, determine the effect of long-term N fertilization on soil respiration, and determine the effect of interactions between tillage systems and long-term N fertilization on soil respiration. The study was arranged in a randomized block design (RBD) consisting of two factors, namely the tillage system and nitrogen fertilization factors. The first factor is the treatment of tillage system (T) namely T0 = no tillage, and T1 = intensive tillage, while the second factor is without nitrogen fertilizer (N0) and high nitrogen fertilizer (N1). The data obtained will be tested for homogeneity by Bartlett Test and additives tested by Tukey Test. Furthermore, the data were analyzed by analysis of variance and continued with a BNJ test of 5% level. Observation of soil respiration was done 4 times, namely -1, 1, 2, 3 days after tillage. The results showed that soil respiration one day before to three days after the soil was treated in intensive tillage (OTI) was the same as the no tillage system (TOT), soil respiration -1 days after tillage to 3 days after tillage on nitrogen fertilization (100 N kg ha-1 ) given in the previous planting season the same as without fertilization (0 kg N ha-1), and there is no interaction between the tillage system and nitrogen fertilization on soil respiration.

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Weed Communities in Strip-Tillage Corn/No-Tillage Soybean Rotation and Chisel-Plow Corn Systems after 10 Years of Variable Management

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/wsc.2018.40 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 66 (5) ◽

pp. 651-661

Author(s):

Nathaniel M. Drewitz ◽

David E. Stoltenberg

Keyword(s):

Community Composition ◽

Chenopodium Album ◽

Cropping System ◽

Production Costs ◽

No Tillage ◽

Weed Species ◽

Weed Communities ◽

Chisel Plow ◽

Strip Tillage

AbstractPrevious research has shown that strip-tillage (ST) systems conserve soil, reduce production costs, and save time for growers compared with intensive-tillage systems. In contrast to these well-documented benefits, we have limited information on weed community dynamics and management risks in ST corn (Zea maysL.) production systems in the northern Corn Belt. Therefore, we conducted research in 2015 and 2016 to characterize weed community composition, emergence patterns, and aboveground productivity in an ST corn/no-tillage (NT) soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] rotation that was established in 2007 compared with a long-term intensive-tillage chisel-plow (CP) continuous-corn system. Fifteen or more weed species were identified in nontreated quadrats in each cropping system in each year. Common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.) was the most abundant weed species across systems and years.Chenopodium albumdensities were similar between CP and ST corn phases and were approximately 2-fold greater compared with the NT soybean phase. Other abundant weed species occurred at much lower densities thanC. album. In each year, cumulative emergence of nontreated weed communities was described best by a logistic function in each cropping system. Maximum weed community emergence was greater in CP corn than ST corn phases in 2015, but did not differ in 2016. In the ST corn phase, most (about 75%) weed community emergence occurred in the in-row (tilled) zone compared with the between-row (nondisturbed) zone. Total late-season weed shoot biomass did not differ between nontreated CP and ST corn phases in either year, withC. albumaccounting for >85% of total weed biomass in these phases. These results suggest that weed community composition, total emergence, and productivity were similar between CP and ST corn phases after 10 yr. Our findings, coupled with previous research that showed favorable agronomic performance and greater soil conservation associated with the long-term ST corn/NT soybean system, suggest that production risks are no greater than a CP corn system, while processes that underpin ecosystem services are enhanced. These results provide strong evidence to support grower adoption of ST practices as an alternative to intensive tillage.

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Impact of Long-Term No-Tillage and Cropping System Management on Soil Organic Carbon in an Oxisol: A Model for Sustainability

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj2007.0121 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 100 (4) ◽

pp. 1013-1019 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Ademir Calegari ◽

W. L. Hargrove ◽

Danilo Dos Santos Rheinheimer ◽

Ricardo Ralisch ◽

Daniel Tessier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Cropping System ◽

System Management ◽

No Tillage

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Long-term effect of no-tillage on soil organic carbon and nitrogen in an irrigated rice-based cropping system

Paddy and Water Environment ◽

10.1007/s10333-015-0506-y ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 367-371 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Min Huang ◽

Xuefeng Zhou ◽

Fangbo Cao ◽

Yingbin Zou

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Cropping System ◽

Term Effect ◽

No Tillage ◽

Irrigated Rice ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Long Term Effect

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Soil compaction response to wheel traffic in the Rolling Pampas region of Argentina

Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias UNCuyo ◽

10.48162/rev.39.011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 109-117

Author(s):

Enrique Ernesto Contessotto ◽

Guido Fernando Botta ◽

Marcos Esteban Angelini ◽

Fernando Bienvenido ◽

David Rivero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Compaction ◽

Cropping System ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

No Tillage ◽

Inflation Pressure ◽

Tillage System ◽

Pampas Region ◽

Subsoil Compaction ◽

Cone Index

The present work shows the effects of the different agricultural wheels traffic on the soil physical properties on a Typic Argiudoll soil worked under no-tillage cropping system. Soil compaction produced by traffic was quantified through these parameters: a) cone index, b) rut depth and c) soil water content at the traffic moment. Grain chaser, sprayer, harvester combine and tractor equipped with commonly used wheels in the study area were tested. The main results obtained showed that the tyres with the highest inflation pressure and tyre ground pressures produced the highest values of cone index and rut depth. Typic Argiudoll soil worked under continuous no-tillage cropping system is not able to constrain topsoil and subsoil compaction when it is wheeled by tyre with ground pressures greater than 77.6 kPa. Highlights Soil compaction causes a reduction in root growth and yield in many crops. Soil under a no-tillage system does not limit topsoil and subsoil compaction when wheeled by tyres with ground pressures greater than 77.6 kPa When the machinery load increases on soils with high bearing capacity (soils under a long-term no-tillage system), the subsoil compaction problems increase.

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Liming demand and plant growth improvements for an Oxisol under long-term no-till cropping

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859617000235 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 155 (7) ◽

pp. 1093-1112 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. C. A. CARMEIS FILHO ◽

C. A. C. CRUSCIOL ◽

A. M. CASTILHOS

Keyword(s):

Root Length Density ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Cropping System ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

No Till ◽

Rotation Scheme ◽

Tropical Conditions ◽

Tillage System

SUMMARYThe adequate management of soil acidity has long been a challenge in no-till (NT) cropping systems. Some studies conducted in sub-tropical conditions have demonstrated the feasibility of surface liming. However, for tropical regions with dry winters, little long-term information about adequate rates and frequencies of application is available. A 12-year field trial was performed under a tropical no-tillage system with an annual crop rotation scheme. The treatments were composed of four lime rates (0, 1000, 2000 and 4000 kg/ha), estimated via the base saturation (BS) method. Surface application of lime was found to be an effective method for improving the soil fertility profile under this long-term NT cropping system. All three acidity components (pH, hydrogen + aluminium (H + Al), exchangeable Al) and some fertility attributes (phosphorus, exchangeable calcium and magnesium, and BS) were adjusted to a linear function, and better soil chemical conditions were obtained in the 4000 kg/ha treatment, even 4 years after the final application. Due to soil chemical changes, the root length density of wheat and common bean was greater at depths <0·20 m, which led to a higher grain yield, even under unfavourable weather conditions. The results indicate that the application of lime at higher rates can be an acceptable criterion for a tropical Oxisol under a no-tillage system, reducing the frequency of lime application.

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