PENGARUH SISTEM OLAH TANAH DAN PEMUPUKAN NITROGEN JANGKA PANJANG TERHADAP RESPIRASI TANAH DI LAHAN POLITEKNIK NEGERI LAMPUNG TAHUN TANAM KE-27

Unsustainable cultivation techniques can cause carbon loss on farm. The cultivation technique that is often used by farmers today is intensive tillage. Intensive tillage can increase CO2. Steps to reduce CO2 gas emissions, while increasing carbon stored in the soil by implementing agricultural cultivation with conservation tillage system (Olah Tanah Konservasi). The conservation tillage system is able to reduce global warming through absorption of C in the soil, and reduce CO2 emissions. In addition, fertilization can also affect CO2 emissions. CO2 emissions in the soil come from soil respiration. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of long-term tillage systems on soil respiration, determine the effect of long-term N fertilization on soil respiration, and determine the effect of interactions between tillage systems and long-term N fertilization on soil respiration. The study was arranged in a randomized block design (RBD) consisting of two factors, namely the tillage system and nitrogen fertilization factors. The first factor is the treatment of tillage system (T) namely T0 = no tillage, and T1 = intensive tillage, while the second factor is without nitrogen fertilizer (N0) and high nitrogen fertilizer (N1). The data obtained will be tested for homogeneity by Bartlett Test and additives tested by Tukey Test. Furthermore, the data were analyzed by analysis of variance and continued with a BNJ test of 5% level. Observation of soil respiration was done 4 times, namely -1, 1, 2, 3 days after tillage. The results showed that soil respiration one day before to three days after the soil was treated in intensive tillage (OTI) was the same as the no tillage system (TOT), soil respiration -1 days after tillage to 3 days after tillage on nitrogen fertilization (100 N kg ha-1 ) given in the previous planting season the same as without fertilization (0 kg N ha-1), and there is no interaction between the tillage system and nitrogen fertilization on soil respiration.

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Long-Term Effects of Three Tillage Systems on Peanut Grade, Yield, and Stem Rot Development1

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/i0095-3679-25-2-1 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 59-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

W. J. Grichar

Keyword(s):

Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽

Field Studies ◽

Stem Rot ◽

Reduced Tillage ◽

No Tillage ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Tillage System ◽

Grade Yield

Abstract Field studies were conducted from 1987 to 1996 to evaluate the effects of long-term no-tillage, reduced-tillage, or full-tillage systems on peanut grade, yield, and stem rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) disease development. In 3 of 10 yr the full-tillage system outyielded the no-tillage system while the reduced tillage system resulted in yield increase over no-tillage systems in 2 yr. Reduced-tillage plots had a higher incidence of stem rot than full-or no-tillage in 4 of 10 yr. In 3 of 10 yr, peanut grade (% TSMK) was lower in no-tillage than full-tillage plots. The reduced tillage system has shown promise for use in Texas for peanut. However, no-tillage peanut systems have never produced yield and quality comparable to full-tillage systems.

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Effects of Long-Term Nitrogen Fertilization and Ground Water Level Changes on Soil CO2 Fluxes from Oil Palm Plantation on Tropical Peatland

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos12101340 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 1340

Author(s):

Auldry Chaddy ◽

Lulie Melling ◽

Kiwamu Ishikura ◽

Kah Joo Goh ◽

Yo Toma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Respiration ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Oil Palm ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Root Activity ◽

Co2 Fluxes ◽

Soil Co2 ◽

Tropical Peatland ◽

Oil Palm Plantation

A long-term study on the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilization on soil carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes in tropical peatland was conducted to (1) quantify the annual CO2 emissions from an oil palm plantation under different N application rates and (2) evaluate the temporal effects of groundwater level (GWL) and water-filled pore space (WFPS) on soil organic carbon (SOC) and CO2 fluxes. Monthly measurement of soil CO2 fluxes using a closed chamber method was carried out from January 2010 until December 2013 and from January 2016 to December 2017 in an oil palm plantation on tropical peat in Sarawak, Malaysia. Besides the control (T1, without N fertilization), there were three N treatments: low N (T2, 31.1 kg N ha−1 year−1), moderate N (T3, 62.2 kg N ha−1 year−1), and high N (T4, 124.3 kg N ha−1 year−1). The annual CO2 emissions ranged from 7.7 ± 1.2 (mean ± SE) to 16.6 ± 1.0 t C ha−1 year−1, 9.8 ± 0.5 to 14.8 ± 1.4 t C ha−1 year−1, 10.5 ± 1.8 to 16.8 ± 0.6 t C ha−1 year−1, and 10.4 ± 1.8 to 17.1 ± 3.9 t C ha−1 year−1 for T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. Application of N fertilizer had no significant effect on annual cumulative CO2 emissions in each year (p = 0.448), which was probably due to the formation of large quantities of inorganic N when GWL was temporarily lowered from January 2010 to June 2010 (−80.9 to −103.4 cm below the peat surface), and partly due to low soil organic matter (SOM) quality. A negative relationship between GWL and CO2 fluxes (p < 0.05) and a positive relationship between GWL and WFPS (p < 0.001) were found only when the oil palm was young (2010 and 2011) (p < 0.05), indicating that lowering of GWL increased CO2 fluxes and decreased WFPS when the oil palm was young. This was possibly due to the fact that parameters such as root activity might be more predominant than GWL in governing soil respiration in older oil palm plantations when GWL was maintained near or within the rooting zone (0–50 cm). This study highlights the importance of roots and WFPS over GWL in governing soil respiration in older oil palm plantations. A proper understanding of the interaction between the direct or indirect effect of root activity on CO2 fluxes and balancing its roles in nutrient and water management strategies is critical for sustainable use of tropical peatland.

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Occasional soil tillage, liming, and nitrogen fertilization on long-term no-tillage system

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2018000700007 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (7) ◽

pp. 833-839

Author(s):

Renato Yagi

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Block Design ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Soil Surface ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tillage System

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the residual effects of occasional soil tillage in a 17-year-old, no-tillage system, associated with liming and nitrogen fertilization, on the crop yields and chemical properties of a very clayey Oxisol in the South of Brazil. A randomized complete block design in split-split plots was used, with two soil managements (with or without plowing), two liming treatments (with or without the required dose to raise base saturation to 70%), five N doses applied on side-dress (0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 times the recommended amounts), and four replicates. A rotation system was used with corn and soybean in the summer, and with wheat and black oats in the winter. The residual effects of occasional soil tillage in a consolidated no-tillage system do not supplant those of liming applied on soil surface, in periods of water deficit, which subsidizes the recommendation to maintain the system consolidated. Excess N fertilization in no-tillage, with liming applied only on soil surface, may harm wheat yield, acidifying the topsoil and leaching Mg2+ to the subsurface soil layers. Without liming, soil acidification is more intense with N fertilization, which, however, favors the accumulation of organic matter on soil surface in a consolidated no-tillage system.

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THE INFLUENCE OF TILLAGE SYSTEMS ON THE GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD OF LONG-FLAX

Technical and technological aspects of development and testing of new machinery and technologies for agriculture of Ukraine ◽

10.31473/2305-5987-2020-2-27(41)-20 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

V. Dumych ◽

Keyword(s):

Growth And Development ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Conservation Tillage ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Tillage System ◽

The Difference ◽

Flax Seeds

The purpose of research: to improve the technology of growing flax in the Western region of Ukraine on the basis of the introduction of systems for minimizing tillage, which will increase the yield of trusts and seeds. Research methods: field, laboratory, visual and comparative calculation method. Research results: Field experiments included the study of three tillage systems (traditional, canning and mulching) and determining their impact on growth and development and yields of trusts and flax seeds. The traditional tillage system included the following operations: plowing with a reversible plow to a depth of 27 cm, cultivation with simultaneous harrowing and pre-sowing tillage. The conservation system is based on deep shelfless loosening of the soil and provided for chiseling to a depth of 40 cm, disking to a depth of 15 cm, cultivation with simultaneous harrowing, pre-sowing tillage. During the implementation of the mulching system, disking to a depth of 15 cm, cultivation with simultaneous harrowing and pre-sowing tillage with a combined unit was carried out. Tillage implements and machines were used to perform tillage operations: disc harrow BDVP-3,6, reversible plow PON-5/4, chisel PCh-3, cultivator KPSP-4, pre-sowing tillage unit LK-4. The SZ-3,6 ASTPA grain seeder was used for sowing long flax of the Kamenyar variety. Simultaneously with the sowing of flax seeds, local application of mineral fertilizers (nitroammophoska 2 c/ha) was carried out. The application of conservation tillage allows to obtain the yield of flax trust at the level of 3,5 t/ha, which is 0,4 t/ha (12.9 %) more than from the area of traditional tillage and 0,7 t/ha (25 %) in comparison with mulching. In the area with canning treatment, the seed yield was the highest and amounted to 0,64 t/ha. The difference between this option and traditional and mulching tillage reaches 0,06 t/ha (10,3 %) and 0.10 t/ha (18.5 %), respectively. Conclusions. Preservation tillage, which is based on shelf-free tillage to a depth of 40 cm and disking to a depth of 15 cm has a positive effect on plant growth and development, yield and quality of flax.

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Long-term effect on soil biochemical status of a Vertisol under conservation tillage system in semi-arid Mediterranean conditions

European Journal of Soil Biology ◽

10.1016/j.ejsobi.2008.06.003 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 437-442 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Sebastiana Melero ◽

Karl Vanderlinden ◽

Juan Carlos Ruiz ◽

Engracia Madejon

Keyword(s):

Conservation Tillage ◽

Term Effect ◽

Biochemical Status ◽

Long Term Effect ◽

Tillage System ◽

Semi Arid ◽

Mediterranean Conditions

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Geostatistical analysis of crop yield maps in a long term no tillage system

Bragantia ◽

10.1590/s0006-87052010000500003 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 69 (suppl) ◽

pp. 9-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Osvaldo Guedes Filho ◽

Sidney Rosa Vieira ◽

Marcio Koiti Chiba ◽

Célia Regina Grego

Keyword(s):

Crop Yield ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Spherical Model ◽

Exponential Model ◽

Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽

No Tillage ◽

Yield Data ◽

The North ◽

Tillage System

It is known, for a long time, that crop yields are not uniform at the field. In some places, it is possible to distinguish sites with both low and high yields even within the same area. This work aimed to evaluate the spatial and temporal variability of some crop yields and to identify potential zones for site specific management in an area under no-tillage system for 23 years. Data were analyzed from a 3.42 ha long term experimental area at the Centro Experimental Central of the Instituto Agronômico, located in Campinas, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The crop yield data evaluated included the following crops: soybean, maize, lablab and triticale, and all of them were cultivated since 1985 and sampled at a regular grid of 302 points. Data were normalized and analyzed using descriptive statistics and geostatistical tools in order to demonstrate and describe the structure of the spatial variability. All crop yields showed high variability. All of them also showed spatial dependence and were fitted to the spherical model, except for the yield of the maize in 1999 productivity which was fitted to the exponential model. The north part of the area presented repeated high values of productivity in some years. There was a positive cross correlation amongst the productivity values, especially for the maize crops.

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Intercepted solar radiation by maize crops subjected to different tillage systems and water availability levels

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2010001200001 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 45 (12) ◽

pp. 1331-1341 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Homero Bergamaschi ◽

Genei Antonio Dalmago ◽

João Ito Bergonci ◽

Cleusa Adriane Menegassi Bianchi Krüger ◽

Bruna Maria Machado Heckler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Leaf Area Index ◽

Extinction Coefficient ◽

Water Availability ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Area Index ◽

Tillage System ◽

Crop Cycle

The objective of this work was to evaluate changes in the photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) interception efficiency and PPFD extinction coefficient for maize crop subjected to different soil tillage systems and water availability levels. Crops were subjected to no-tillage and conventional tillage systems combined with full irrigation and non-irrigation treatments. Continuous measurements of transmitted PPFD on the soil surface and incoming PPFD over the canopy were taken throughout the crop cycle. Leaf area index and soil water potential were also measured during the whole period. Considering a mean value over the maize cycle, intercepted PPFD was higher in the conventional tillage than in the no-tillage system. During the initial stages of plants, intercepted PPFD in the conventional tillage was double the PPFD interception in the no-tillage treatment. However, those differences were reduced up to the maximum leaf area index, close to tasseling stage. The lowest interception of PPFD occurred in the conventional tillage during the reproductive period, as leaf senescence progressed. Over the entire crop cycle, the interception of PPFD by the non-irrigated plants was about 20% lower than by the irrigated plants. The no-tillage system reduced the extinction coefficient for PPFD, which may have allowed a higher penetration of solar radiation into the canopy

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Effect of 50 Years of No-Tillage, Stubble Retention, and Nitrogen Fertilization on Soil Respiration, Easily Extractable Glomalin, and Nitrogen Mineralization

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy12010151 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 151

Author(s):

Pramod Jha ◽

Kuntal M. Hati ◽

Ram C. Dalal ◽

Yash P. Dang ◽

Peter M. Kopittke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Respiration ◽

N Mineralization ◽

Positive Impact ◽

N Fertilization ◽

N Fertilizer ◽

N Availability ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Stubble Retention ◽

No Till

In subtropical regions, we have an incomplete understanding of how long-term tillage, stubble, and nitrogen (N) fertilizer management affects soil biological functioning. We examined a subtropical site managed for 50 years using varying tillage (conventional till (CT) and no-till (NT)), stubble management (stubble burning (SB) and stubble retention (SR)), and N fertilization (0 (N0), 30 (N30), and 90 (N90) kg ha−1 y−1) to assess their impact on soil microbial respiration, easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein (EEGRSP), and N mineralization. A significant three-way tillage × stubble × N fertilizer interaction was observed for soil respiration, with NT+SB+N0 treatments generally releasing the highest amounts of CO2 over the incubation period (1135 mg/kg), and NT+SR+N0 treatments releasing the lowest (528 mg/kg). In contrast, a significant stubble × N interaction was observed for both EEGRSP and N mineralization, with the highest concentrations of both EEGRSP (2.66 ± 0.86 g kg−1) and N mineralization (30.7 mg/kg) observed in SR+N90 treatments. Furthermore, N mineralization was also positively correlated with EEGRSP (R2 = 0.76, p < 0.001), indicating that EEGRSP can potentially be used as an index of soil N availability. Overall, this study has shown that SR and N fertilization have a positive impact on soil biological functioning.

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Comparison of energy inputs and energy efficiency for maize in a long-term tillage experiment under Pannonian climate conditions

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/67/2021-pse ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 67 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 45-52

Author(s):

Gerhard Moitzi ◽

Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner ◽

Hans-Peter Kaul ◽

Helmut Wagentristl

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Total Energy ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Crop Production ◽

Energy Input ◽

Conservation Tillage ◽

Energy Output ◽

No Tillage ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Total Energy Input

Sustainable crop production requires an efficient usage of fossil energy. This six-year study on a silt loam soil (chernozem) analysed the energy efficiency of four tillage systems (mouldboard plough 25–30 cm, deep conservation tillage 35 cm, shallow conservation tillage 8–10 cm, no-tillage). Fuel consumption, total energy input (made up of both direct and indirect input), grain of maize yield, energy output, net-energy output, energy intensity and energy use efficiency were considered. The input rates of fertiliser, herbicides and seeds were set constant; measured values of fuel consumption were used for all tillage operations. Total fuel consumption for maize (Zea mays L.) production was 81.6, 81.5, 69.5 and 53.2 L/ha for the four tillage systems. Between 60% and 64% of the total energy input (17.0–17.4 GJ/ha) was indirect energy (seeds, fertiliser, herbicides, machinery). The share of fertiliser energy of the total energy input was 36% on average across all tillage treatments. Grain drying was the second highest energy consumer with about 22%. Grain yield and energy output were mainly determined by the year. The tillage effect on yield and energy efficiency was smaller than the growing year effect. Over all six years, maize produced in the no-tillage system reached the highest energy efficiency.

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