Microstructure and properties of a novel designed interpenetrating network structure silicide/HfxZr1−xC multi-phase outer layer

Grafting polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) was undertaken onto cellulose powder (Cell) in presence of potassium fulvate (KF) to produce semi-interpenetrating network structures. The grafting efficiency (GE) and grafting yield (GY) were studied as and indicated that the grafting process was not influenced in presence of KF. KF was expected to be incorporated into the cellulose backbone in the same course of the graft polymerization via polycondensation with groups from cellulose and monomer. The simultaneous graft polymerization of acrylic acid and polycondensation processes of all components allows formation of a more chemically active semi-interpenetrating network structure. Successful incorporation of KF to the network structure was predicted from fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) while enhanced Cu2+ uptake confirmed the better chemical activity with respect to the same network prepared in absence of KF. Furthermore, the wide variation of the swelling potential as a function of the pH further corroborates the insertion of KF to the network structure. Imaging with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated morphological alteration on the surface which might be related to the KF anchoring to the cellulose backbone. The developed superabsorbents showed increment in the water absorption both in distilled water and salted solutions as well. The newly developed superabsorbent was applied as a support for soil nutrients and their controlled release in soil was studied. The results proved efficiency of the superabsorbent to warrant appropriate release of the nutrients according to the time regulations set by European Committee of Normalization (ECN). Improved water retention was also an additional advantage.

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Cerebellar folding is initiated by mechanical constraints on a fluid-like layer without a cellular pre-pattern

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.45019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Andrew K Lawton ◽

Tyler Engstrom ◽

Daniel Rohrbach ◽

Masaaki Omura ◽

Daniel H Turnbull ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Elastic Material ◽

Outer Layer ◽

Shape Evolution ◽

Physical Processes ◽

The Core ◽

Mechanical Constraints ◽

Thickness Variations ◽

Differential Expansion ◽

Multi Phase

Models based in differential expansion of elastic material, axonal constraints, directed growth, or multi-phasic combinations have been proposed to explain brain folding. However, the cellular and physical processes present during folding have not been defined. We used the murine cerebellum to challenge folding models with in vivo data. We show that at folding initiation differential expansion is created by the outer layer of proliferating progenitors expanding faster than the core. However, the stiffness differential, compressive forces, and emergent thickness variations required by elastic material models are not present. We find that folding occurs without an obvious cellular pre-pattern, that the outer layer expansion is uniform and fluid-like, and that the cerebellum is under radial and circumferential constraints. Lastly, we find that a multi-phase model incorporating differential expansion of a fluid outer layer and radial and circumferential constraints approximates the in vivo shape evolution observed during initiation of cerebellar folding.

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The interpenetrating network structure of food gels

Progress and Trends in Rheology II ◽

10.1007/978-3-642-49337-9_149 ◽

1988 ◽

pp. 424-426 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G. J. Brownsey ◽

M. J. Ridout

Keyword(s):

Network Structure ◽

Interpenetrating Network

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Tuning the morphology of the active layer of organic solar cells by spin 1/2 radicals

New Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1039/c9nj01878f ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (35) ◽

pp. 13998-14008

Author(s):

Yuancheng Qin ◽

Manman Li ◽

Yu Xie ◽

Xue Li ◽

Chunming Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Phase Separation ◽

Active Layer ◽

Network Structure ◽

Organic Solar Cells ◽

Interpenetrating Network ◽

Donor Acceptor

The morphology of the active layer, the formation of an interpenetrating network structure and the phase separation of donor–acceptor polymers has been improved by spin 1/2 radicals, and enhanced the PCEs of the organic solar cells.

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Research the Microstructure and Properties of Modified Asphalt from Dry SBS-T

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.861.473 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 861 ◽

pp. 473-481

Author(s):

Yu Fan ◽

Jian Guang Xie ◽

Zhan Qi Wang

Keyword(s):

Network Structure ◽

Performance Indicators ◽

Softening Point ◽

Fluorescence Microscope ◽

Modified Asphalt ◽

Microstructure And Properties ◽

Modification Effect ◽

Modifier Content

This paper uses a fluorescence microscope to study the microstructure of dry modified asphalt, and compares and analyzes the micro and macro performance of dry and wet modified asphalt. The results show that: in terms of micro performance, when the modifier content is 6%, the dry modifier (SBS-T) becomes to a compact network structure in the asphalt when the shear time is 5 minutes, and it takes 45 min for the modifier to achieve the same result to the wet method. And the macro performance indicators of penetration, softening point, ductility, and viscosity show that the modification effect of asphalt is better by dry modifier is 5 minutes after shearing than the modification effect of asphalt by wet modifier is 45 minutes.

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