Polyacrylonitrile/Silica Nanospheres with Three- Dimensional Interpenetrating Network Structure and Their Application for Removal of Pb(II) from Water

Compared with traditional layered graphene, graphene hydrogels have been used to construct highly efficient visible light-excited photocatalysts due to their particular three-dimensional network structure and efficient electron transport capacity.

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Effect of Oat β-Glucan on the Rheological Characteristics and Microstructure of Set-Type Yogurt

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26164752 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (16) ◽

pp. 4752

Author(s):

Xiaoqing Qu ◽

Yuliya Nazarenko ◽

Wei Yang ◽

Yuanyang Nie ◽

Yongsheng Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sensory Evaluation ◽

Network Structure ◽

Theoretical Basis ◽

Fermentation Process ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Rheological Characteristics ◽

Fermentation Time ◽

Spherical Aggregate ◽

Dimensional Network ◽

Solid Liquid

The oat β-glucan (OG) was added into set-type yogurt as a functional ingredient, in order to evaluate effects on the rheological characteristics and microstructure of set-type yogurt. When the OG concentration increased from 0 to 0.3%, the WHC gradually increased. At 0.3% OG, the set-type yogurt had the highest WHC of 94.67%. Additionally, the WHC continuously decreased, reaching the lowest WHC (about 80%) at 0.5% OG. When 0.3% OG was added, the highest score of sensory evaluation was about 85. The rheological result showed that the fermentation process went through the changes as follows: solid → liquid → solid → liquid. The addition of 0.3% OG decreased the fermentation time of set-type yogurt by about 16 min, making yogurt more inclined to be liquid. The acidity of set-type yogurt with OG was slightly higher. The result of microstructure showed that the addition of OG destroyed the three-dimensional network structure of yogurt, and some spherical aggregate particles could be clearly observed at 0.3% OG. Overall, this study provided a theoretical basis for the application of OG in set-type yogurt.

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Completely non-fused electron acceptor with 3D-interpenetrated crystalline structure enables efficient and stable organic solar cell

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-25394-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lijiao Ma ◽

Shaoqing Zhang ◽

Jincheng Zhu ◽

Jingwen Wang ◽

Junzhen Ren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Solar Cell ◽

Low Cost ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Molecular Geometry ◽

Interpenetrating Network ◽

Fused Ring ◽

Molecule Design ◽

End Capping ◽

Conversion Efficiencies ◽

Insight Into

AbstractNon-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) based on non-fused conjugated structures have more potential to realize low-cost organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells. However, their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) are much lower than those of the fused-ring NFAs. Herein, a new bithiophene-based non-fused core (TT-Pi) featuring good planarity as well as large steric hindrance was designed, based on which a completely non-fused NFA, A4T-16, was developed. The single-crystal result of A4T-16 reveals that a three-dimensional interpenetrating network can be formed due to the compact π–π stacking between the adjacent end-capping groups. A high PCE of 15.2% is achieved based on PBDB-TF:A4T-16, which is the highest value for the cells based on the non-fused NFAs. Notably, the device retains ~84% of its initial PCE after 1300 h under the simulated AM 1.5 G illumination (100 mW cm−2). Overall, this work provides insight into molecule design of the non-fused NFAs from the aspect of molecular geometry control.

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Advances in Liquid Crystalline Epoxy Resins for High Thermal Conductivity

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13081302 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1302

Author(s):

Younggi Hong ◽

Munju Goh

Keyword(s):

Thermal Conductivity ◽

Network Structure ◽

Epoxy Resins ◽

Liquid Crystalline ◽

Random Network ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Heat Insulator ◽

Liquid Crystalline Epoxy ◽

Thermally Conductive ◽

Substantial Interest

Epoxy resin (EP) is one of the most famous thermoset materials. In general, because EP has a three-dimensional random network, it possesses thermal properties similar to those of a typical heat insulator. Recently, there has been substantial interest in controlling the network structure of EP to create new functionalities. Indeed, the modified EP, represented as liquid crystalline epoxy (LCE), is considered promising for producing novel functionalities, which cannot be obtained from conventional EPs, by replacing the random network structure with an oriented one. In this paper, we review the current progress in the field of LCEs and their application to highly thermally conductive composite materials.

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