Toxicological in vitro effects of heavy metals on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) head–kidney leucocytes

In mammals, a complex interaction between the immune and the reproductive systems has been described, in which testicular immune cells produce cytokines and growth factors which modulate gonad functions, while specific gonad cells influence the immune response in this organ. In this study we describe the presence of acidophilic granulocytes in the testis of the hermaphrodite teleost fish gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) by using a specific monoclonal antibody. During the post-spawning stage of the testis, this cell type appears in the germinal compartment, accumulates interleukin (IL)-1beta and does not seem to be involved in the phagocytosis of degenerating cells. Moreover, in vitro, 11-ketotestosterone and 17beta-oestradiol, the principal fish sexual steroids, regulate the respiratory burst activity of acidophilic granulocytes obtained from the head-kidney (the bone marrow equivalent in fish) and the intracellular accumulation of IL-1beta by these cells. It is likely, therefore, that IL-1beta produced by testicular acidophilic granulocytes regulates important functions of the testis in fish.

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Aflatoxicosis Dysregulates the Physiological Responses to Crowding Densities in the Marine Teleost Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata)

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030753 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 753

Author(s):

Andre Barany ◽

Juan Fuentes ◽

Gonzalo Martínez-Rodríguez ◽

Juan Miguel Mancera

Keyword(s):

Mrna Expression ◽

Sparus Aurata ◽

Stocking Density ◽

Head Kidney ◽

Dietary Exposure ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Gilthead Seabream ◽

Marine Teleost ◽

Lipid Metabolites ◽

Period Duration

Several studies in fish have shown that aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) causes a disparity of species-dependent physiological disorders without compromising survival. We studied the effect of dietary administration of AFB1 (2 mg AFB1 kg−1 diet) in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles in combination with a challenge by stocking density (4 vs. 40 g L−1). The experimental period duration was ten days, and the diet with AFB1 was administered to the fish for 85 days prior to the stocking density challenge. Our results indicated an alteration in the carbohydrate and lipid metabolites mobilization in the AFB1 fed group, which was intensified at high stocking density (HSD). The CT group at HSD increased plasma cortisol levels, as expected, whereas the AFB1-HSD group did not. The star mRNA expression, an enzyme involved in cortisol synthesis in the head kidney, presented a ninefold increase in the AFB1 group at low stocking density (LSD) compared to the CT-LSD group. Adenohypophyseal gh mRNA expression increased in the AFB1-HSD but not in the CT-HSD group. Overall, these results confirmed that chronic AFB1 dietary exposure alters the adequate endocrinological physiological cascade response in S. aurata, compromising the expected stress response to an additional stressor, such as overcrowding.

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Functionalized Nanoplastics (NPs) Increase the Toxicity of Metals in Fish Cell Lines

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22137141 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (13) ◽

pp. 7141

Author(s):

Carmen González-Fernández ◽

Francisco Guillermo Díaz Baños ◽

María Ángeles Esteban ◽

Alberto Cuesta

Keyword(s):

Sparus Aurata ◽

Gilthead Seabream ◽

Fish Cell ◽

Test Model ◽

Fish Cell Lines ◽

Polystyrene Nanoparticles ◽

Commercial Fish ◽

Cellular Protection ◽

Marine Life

Nanoplastics (NPs) are one of the most abundant environment-threatening nanomaterials on the market. The objective of this study was to determine in vitro if functionalized NPs are cytotoxic by themselves or increase the toxicity of metals. For that, we used 50 nm polystyrene nanoparticles with distinct surface functionalization (pristine, PS-Plain; carboxylic, PS-COOH; and amino PS-NH2) alone or combined with the metals arsenic (As) and methylmercury (MeHg), which possess an environmental risk to marine life. As test model, we chose a brain-derived cell line (SaB-1) from gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), one of the most commercial fish species in the Mediterranean. First, only the PS-NH2 NPs were toxic to SaB-1 cells. NPs seem to be internalized into the cells but they showed little alteration in the transcription of genes related to oxidative stress (nrf2, cat, gr, gsta), cellular protection against metals (mta) or apoptosis (bcl2, bax). However, NPs, mainly PS-COOH and PS-NH2, significantly increased the toxicity of both metals. Since the coexistence of NPs and other pollutants in the aquatic environment is inevitable, our results reveal that the combined effect of NPs with the rest of pollutants deserves more attention.

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In vitro effects of bovine lactoferrin, mushroom glucan and Abrus agglutinin on Indian major carp, catla (Catla catla) head kidney leukocytes

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.07.038 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 253 (1-4) ◽

pp. 130-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

D. Kamilya ◽

D. Ghosh ◽

S. Bandyopadhyay ◽

B.C. Mal ◽

T.K. Maiti

Keyword(s):

Head Kidney ◽

Catla Catla ◽

Bovine Lactoferrin ◽

Indian Major Carp ◽

In Vitro Effects

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Evidence for a direct action of GH on haemopoietic cells of a marine fish, the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.1460459 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 146 (3) ◽

pp. 459-467 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

J A Calduch-Giner ◽

A Sitjà-Bobadilla ◽

P Álvarez-Pellitero ◽

J Pérez-Sánchez

Keyword(s):

Binding Sites ◽

Sparus Aurata ◽

Binding Capacity ◽

Specific Binding ◽

Head Kidney ◽

Gilthead Sea Bream ◽

Sea Bream ◽

Single Class ◽

Lower Vertebrate

Abstract Receptors for GH were characterized in the head kidney of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), using radioiodinated and biotinylated ligands. The specific binding of radiolabelled recombinant gilthead sea bream GH (rsbGH) to head kidney membrane preparations was dependent on membrane concentration. Salmon prolactin, salmon gonadotrophin and carp gonadotrophin did not compete for 125I-labelled rsbGH-binding sites. Unlabelled rsbGH competitively displaced 125I-labelled rsbGH bound to head kidney membranes. Scatchard plots were always linear, denoting the presence of a single class of binding sites. The binding affinity (Ka=2·7 × 109 m−1) was equivalent to that found in liver membrane preparations, but the binding capacity (2·5 ±0·30 fmol/mg protein) was 50- to 75-fold lower. To identify the cells which express the GH receptor, head kidney smears were incubated with biotinylated rsbGH, followed by incubation with an avidin–biotin complex conjugated to alkaline phosphatase. The reaction with the new-fuchsin substrate gave a red precipitate, showing a specific and intense labelling in erythroblasts, polychromatophilic erythroblasts and myeloblasts. Noticeable binding was observed in myelocytes and immature granulocytes, tending to disappear at the latter stages of granulocyte maturation. Light but appreciable binding was also observed in monocytes, lymphocytes and acidophilic erythroblasts, whereas it was completely absent in proerythrocytes and erythrocytes. The proliferative action of rsbGH and recombinant human IGF-I on in vitro cultures of head kidney cells was demonstrated by a 5-bromo-2′-deoxy-uridine immunoassay. To our knowledge, this is the first report that provides suitable evidence for a role of GH as a haemopoietic growth and differentiation factor in lower vertebrate species. Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 146, 459–467

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