scholarly journals Acrylonitrile exposure in the general population following a major train accident in Belgium: A human biomonitoring study

2014 ◽  
Vol 231 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. De Smedt ◽  
K. De Cremer ◽  
C. Vleminckx ◽  
S. Fierens ◽  
B. Mertens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Human Biomonitoring

Acrylonitrile Exposure Assessment Following a Major Train Accident in Belgium: a Human Biomonitoring Study in the General Population

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 2539
Author(s):  
An Van Nieuwenhuyse* ◽  
Tom De Smedt ◽  
Koen De Cremer ◽  
Sebastien Fierens ◽  
Christiane Vleminckx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Human Biomonitoring

scholarly journals Ubiquitous presence of paracetamol in human urine: sources and implications

Reproduction ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 147 (4) ◽  
pp. R105-R117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik Modick ◽  
Tobias Weiss ◽  
Georg Dierkes ◽  
Thomas Brüning ◽  
Holger M Koch
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Human Biomonitoring ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Occupational Setting ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Research ◽  
Occupational Settings ◽  
Direct Use

N-acetyl-4-aminophenol (acetaminophen/paracetamol, NA4AP) is one of the most commonly used over-the-counter analgesic and antipyretic drugs. Recent studies have reported anti-androgenic effects of NA4AP in vitro and possible associations between intrauterine exposure to NA4AP and the development of male reproductive disorders in humans. NA4AP is also a major metabolite of aniline (phenylamine), representing 75–86% of the aniline dose excreted in urine. Aniline is an important large-volume intermediate in several industrial processes. Besides individuals in various occupational settings with aniline exposure, the general population is also known to be ubiquitously exposed to aniline. In this article, we provide an overview of the recent literature concerning the intake of NA4AP during pregnancy and the possible anti-androgenic effects of NA4AP as well as literature concerning its known metabolic precursor aniline. We also present new research data, including the first human biomonitoring data on NA4AP excretion in urine, showing ubiquitous NA4AP body burdens in the general population at a wide range of concentrations. We found a small but significant impact of smoking on urinary NA4AP concentrations. We further present preliminary data on NA4AP excretion after therapeutic acetaminophen use, after aniline exposure in an occupational setting, and during a controlled fasting study (excluding oral exposure to both aniline and acetaminophen). Our findings indicate exposure to aniline (or aniline-releasing substances) as well as nutrition (next to the direct use of acetaminophen as medication) as possible sources of internal body burdens of NA4AP.

scholarly journals Urinary, Circulating, and Tissue Biomonitoring Studies Indicate Widespread Exposure to Bisphenol A

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura N. Vandenberg ◽  
Ibrahim Chahoud ◽  
Jerrold J Heindel ◽  
Vasantha Padmanabhan ◽  
Francisco J.R Paumgartten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
General Population ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Human Biomonitoring ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Human Tissues ◽  
Adverse Health Effects

Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the highest-volume chemicals produced worldwide, and human exposure to BPA is thought to be ubiquitous. Thus, there are concerns that the amount of BPA to which humans are exposed may cause adverse health effects. We examined many possibilities for why biomonitoring and toxicokinetic studies could come to seemingly conflicting conclusions. More than 80 published human biomonitoring studies that measured BPA concentrations in human tissues, urine, blood, and other fluids, along with two toxicokinetic studies of human BPA metabolism were examined. Unconjugated BPA was routinely detected in blood (in the nanograms per milliliter range), and conjugated BPA was routinely detected in the vast majority of urine samples (also in the nanograms per milliliter range). In stark contrast, toxicokinetic studies proposed that humans are not internally exposed to BPA. Available data from biomonitoring studies clearly indicate that the general population is exposed to BPA and is at risk from internal exposure to unconjugated BPA. The two toxicokinetic studies that suggested human BPA exposure is negligible have significant deficiencies, are directly contradicted by hypothesis-driven studies, and are therefore not reliable for risk assessment purposes.

Development of a human biomonitoring method for assessing the exposure to ethoxyquin in the general population

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 4209-4217
Author(s):  
Markus Stoeckelhuber ◽  
Max Scherer ◽  
Franz Bracher ◽  
Oliver Peschel ◽  
Edgar Leibold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Human Biomonitoring

scholarly journals Implementation of mercury biomonitoring in German adults using dried blood spot sampling in combination with direct mercury analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Kathrin Schweizer ◽  
Michael Kabesch ◽  
Caroline Quartucci ◽  
Stephan Bose-O’Reilly ◽  
Stefan Rakete
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Human Biomonitoring ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Mercury Analysis ◽  
Relative Standard

AbstractVenous blood is a preferred matrix for the determination of total mercury (Hg) in human biomonitoring but has some drawbacks such as the requirement for an uninterrupted cold chain for transport and storage and the need of medical personnel for sample collection. Therefore, we tested and implemented a simpler and less expensive method for measuring Hg in human blood using dried blood spots (DBS). For method development, we investigated the influence of different storage conditions (temperature, storage vessel, time) on DBS samples. For method validation, we compared DBS and venous blood and investigated whether DBS sampling is suitable for measuring Hg in the general population in countries with low Hg exposure such as Germany. Based on our results, we found that pre-cleaned glass tubes were most suitable for storage of DBS samples, as this allowed the samples to remain stable for at least 4 weeks even at high temperatures (40 °C). When comparing venous blood and DBS, a very good correlation (r = 0.95, p < 0.01, Spearman-Rho) and high precision of DBS (mean relative standard deviation 8.2% vs. 7.2% in venous blood samples) were observed. Comparing the recoveries of both matrices in different concentration ranges, the variation of the recoveries decreases with increasing Hg concentration. The mean recoveries also decreased with increasing Hg concentration. Overall, we found comparable results for DBS and venous blood using direct Hg analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that DBS are suitable for Hg biomonitoring in the general population in Germany and improved the storage conditions for the DBS.

scholarly journals Serum concentrations of beta-hexachlorocyclohexane in groups of the Italian general population: a human biomonitoring study

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Ingelido ◽  
Annalisa Abballe ◽  
Valentina Marra ◽  
Silvia Valentini ◽  
Annamaria Ferro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Human Biomonitoring ◽  
Serum Concentrations
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