Whole brain in vivo neuropathology: Imaging site-specific changes in brain structure over time following trimethyltin exposure in rats

UropathogenicEscherichia coli(UPEC) adhere to cells in the human urinary tract via type 1 pili that undergo phase variation where a 314-bpfimSDNA element flips between Phase-ON and Phase-OFF orientations through two site-specific recombinases, FimB and FimE. Threefim-luxoperon transcriptional fusions were created and moved into the clinical UPEC isolate NU149 to determine their temporal regulation in UPEC growing in the urinary tract. Within murine urinary tracts, the UPEC strains demonstrated elevated transcription offimAandfimBearly in the infection, but lower transcription by the fifth day in murine kidneys. In contrast,fimEtranscription was much lower than eitherfimAorfimBearly, increased markedly at 24 h after inoculation, and then dropped five days after inoculation. Positioning offimSwas primarily in the Phase-ON position over the time span in UPEC infected bladders, whereas in UPEC infected murine kidneys the Phase-OFF orientation was favored by the fifth day after inoculation. Hemagglutination titers with guinea pig erythrocytes remained constant in UPEC growing in infected murine bladders but fell substantially in UPEC infected kidneys over time. Our results show temporalin vivoregulation offimgene expression in different environmental niches when UPEC infects the murine urinary tract.

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The Development of Homologous (Canine/Anti-Canine) Antibodies in Dogs with Haemophilia A (Factor VIII Deficiency): A Ten-Year Longitudinal Study

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1651541 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 69 (01) ◽

pp. 021-024 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Shawn Tinlin ◽

Sandra Webster ◽

Alan R Giles

Keyword(s):

Factor Viii ◽

Canine Model ◽

Significant Inhibition ◽

Human Condition ◽

Haemophilia A ◽

Variable Expression ◽

The Family ◽

Over Time

SummaryThe development of inhibitors to factor VIII in patients with haemophilia A remains as a serious complication of replacement therapy. An apparently analogous condition has been described in a canine model of haemophilia A (Giles et al., Blood 1984; 63:451). These animals and their relatives have now been followed for 10 years. The observation that the propensity for inhibitor development was not related to the ancestral factor VIII gene has been confirmed by the demonstration of vertical transmission through three generations of the segment of the family related to a normal (non-carrier) female that was introduced for breeding purposes. Haemophilic animals unrelated to this animal have not developed functionally significant factor VIII inhibitors despite intensive factor VIII replacement. Two animals have shown occasional laboratory evidence of factor VIII inhibition but this has not been translated into clinical significant inhibition in vivo as assessed by clinical response and F.VIII recovery and survival characteristics. Substantial heterogeneity of inhibitor expression both in vitro and in vivo has been observed between animals and in individual animals over time. Spontaneous loss of inhibitors has been observed without any therapies designed to induce tolerance, etc., being instituted. There is also phenotypic evidence of polyclonality of the immune response with variable expression over time in a given animal. These observations may have relevance to the human condition both in determining the pathogenetic factors involved in this condition and in highlighting the heterogeneity of its expression which suggests the need for caution in the interpretation of the outcome of interventions designed to modulate inhibitor activity.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1048195.502298 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Karen Anderson

Keyword(s):

Signaling Networks ◽

Site Specific

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of RNA Docking and Local Translation Regulate Site-Specific Axon Remodeling In Vivo.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.727879026.793540102 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eloisa Herrera

Keyword(s):

Local Translation ◽

Site Specific

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Site Specific Incorporation of Amino Acid Analogues into Proteins In Vivo

10.21236/ada391398 ◽

2000 ◽

Author(s):

Anne K. Kowal ◽

Caroline Kohrer ◽

Uttam L. RajBhandary

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Site Specific ◽

Amino Acid Analogues

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Prevalence and Photobiology of Photosynthetic Dinoflagellate Endosymbionts in the Nudibranch Berghia stephanieae

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11082200 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 2200

Author(s):

Ruben X. G. Silva ◽

Paulo Cartaxana ◽

Ricardo Calado

Keyword(s):

Food Deprivation ◽

Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽

Rapid Decrease ◽

Complete Loss ◽

Symbiotic Association ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Sea Slugs ◽

Non Destructive ◽

Over Time

Berghia stephanieae is a stenophagous sea slug that preys upon glass anemones, such as Exaiptasia diaphana. Glass anemones host photosynthetic dinoflagellate endosymbionts that sea slugs ingest when consuming E. diaphana. However, the prevalence of these photosynthetic dinoflagellate endosymbionts in sea slugs appears to be short-lived, particularly if B.stephanieae is deprived of prey that host these microalgae (e.g., during bleaching events impacting glass anemones). In the present study, we investigated this scenario, along with food deprivation, and validated the use of a non-invasive and non-destructive approach employing chlorophyll fluorescence as a proxy to monitor the persistence of the association between sea slugs and endosymbiotic photosynthetic dinoflagellates acquired through the consumption of glass anemones. Berghia stephanieae deprived of a trophic source hosting photosynthetic dinoflagellate endosymbionts (e.g., through food deprivation or by feeding on bleached E. diaphana) showed a rapid decrease in minimum fluorescence (Fo) and photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) when compared to sea slugs fed with symbiotic anemones. A complete loss of endosymbionts was observed within 8 days, confirming that no true symbiotic association was established. The present work opens a new window of opportunity to rapidly monitor in vivo and over time the prevalence of associations between sea slugs and photosynthetic dinoflagellate endosymbionts, particularly during bleaching events that prevent sea slugs from incorporating new microalgae through trophic interactions.

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Whole-brain 3D MR fingerprinting brain imaging: clinical validation and feasibility to patients with meningioma

Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1007/s10334-021-00924-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Thomaz R. Mostardeiro ◽

Ananya Panda ◽

Robert J. Witte ◽

Norbert G. Campeau ◽

Kiaran P. McGee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Relaxation Times ◽

Brain Structures ◽

Centrum Semiovale ◽

In Vivo Evaluation ◽

Whole Brain ◽

Mean Values ◽

Caudate Head

Abstract Purpose MR fingerprinting (MRF) is a MR technique that allows assessment of tissue relaxation times. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical application of this technique in patients with meningioma. Materials and methods A whole-brain 3D isotropic 1mm3 acquisition under a 3.0T field strength was used to obtain MRF T1 and T2-based relaxometry values in 4:38 s. The accuracy of values was quantified by scanning a quantitative MR relaxometry phantom. In vivo evaluation was performed by applying the sequence to 20 subjects with 25 meningiomas. Regions of interest included the meningioma, caudate head, centrum semiovale, contralateral white matter and thalamus. For both phantom and subjects, mean values of both T1 and T2 estimates were obtained. Statistical significance of differences in mean values between the meningioma and other brain structures was tested using a Friedman’s ANOVA test. Results MR fingerprinting phantom data demonstrated a linear relationship between measured and reference relaxometry estimates for both T1 (r2 = 0.99) and T2 (r2 = 0.97). MRF T1 relaxation times were longer in meningioma (mean ± SD 1429 ± 202 ms) compared to thalamus (mean ± SD 1054 ± 58 ms; p = 0.004), centrum semiovale (mean ± SD 825 ± 42 ms; p < 0.001) and contralateral white matter (mean ± SD 799 ± 40 ms; p < 0.001). MRF T2 relaxation times were longer for meningioma (mean ± SD 69 ± 27 ms) as compared to thalamus (mean ± SD 27 ± 3 ms; p < 0.001), caudate head (mean ± SD 39 ± 5 ms; p < 0.001) and contralateral white matter (mean ± SD 35 ± 4 ms; p < 0.001) Conclusions Phantom measurements indicate that the proposed 3D-MRF sequence relaxometry estimations are valid and reproducible. For in vivo, entire brain coverage was obtained in clinically feasible time and allows quantitative assessment of meningioma in clinical practice.

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Burst of Corneal Dendritic Cells during Trastuzumab and Paclitaxel Treatment

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11050838 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 838

Author(s):

Katharina A. Sterenczak ◽

Nadine Stache ◽

Sebastian Bohn ◽

Stephan Allgeier ◽

Bernd Köhler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Dendritic Cells ◽

Cancer Therapy ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽

Sensory Nerves ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Corneal Nerves ◽

Over Time

During breast cancer therapy, paclitaxel and trastuzumab are both associated with adverse effects such as chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and other systemic side effects including ocular complications. Corneal nerves are considered part of the peripheral nervous system and can be imaged non-invasively by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) on the cellular level. Thus, in vivo CLSM imaging of structures of the corneal subbasal nerve plexus (SNP) such as sensory nerves or dendritic cells (DCs) can be a powerful tool for the assessment of corneal complications during cancer treatment. During the present study, the SNP of a breast cancer patient was analyzed over time by using large-scale in vivo CLSM in the course of paclitaxel and trastuzumab therapy. The same corneal regions could be re-identified over time. While the subbasal nerve morphology did not alter significantly, a change in dendritic cell density and an additional local burst within the first 11 weeks of therapy was detected, indicating treatment-mediated corneal inflammatory processes. Ocular structures such as nerves and dendritic cells could represent useful biomarkers for the assessment of ocular adverse effects during cancer therapy and their management, leading to a better visual prognosis.

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