Land use policies and transport emissions: Modeling the impact of trip speed, vehicle characteristics and residential location

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhyun Hong ◽  
Anne Goodchild
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Residential Location ◽  
Emissions Modeling ◽  
Land Use Policies ◽  
Transport Emissions ◽  
The Impact

Dynamics of grazing rights and their impact on mobile cattle herders in Bhutan

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuenga Namgay ◽  
Joanne E. Millar ◽  
Rosemary S. Black
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Socioeconomic Impacts ◽  
Land Use Policies ◽  
Land Holdings ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Downstream Communities ◽  
The Impact

Seasonal cattle movements have been an important part of the living cultural heritage in Bhutan for centuries. Herders migrate south every winter to graze their cattle on subtropical pastures and to work in orange orchards. They return north to their villages in spring to grow summer crops. However, the practice of transhumant agropastoralism is under increasing pressure on account of changes in land-use policies, climate change and a declining labour force as youth seek alternative livelihoods. This research investigated the impact of changes in land-use policy, with emphasis on the Land Act 2007, on current and future livelihoods of transhumant herders in Bhutan. During in-depth interviews with 24 transhumant herders and nine livestock advisors, and seven focus-group discussions with 64 participants including herders, downstream residents and development agency personnel, perspectives on this issue were gathered. Findings revealed a lack of herder awareness of changes in land-use policies and minimal consultation of herders during policy development. Confusion and uncertainty about the proposed redistribution of grazing rights and restrictions on herd movements have resulted in confusion and resentment and have created conflicts between upstream and downstream communities. Herders with no current alternatives are concerned about their future livelihoods, whereas others are leaving it to their children to decide their future. It is concluded that the motive behind nationalisation of rangeland is noble and timely, but there are flaws in the redistribution plan. Transhumant agropastoralism is already in decline and there is no need to push towards its end through legislation. Transhumant practices could be left to evolve towards what may be their natural end. Sudden stoppage of inter-district transhumance without offering meaningful alternatives to herders could result in negative environmental and socioeconomic impacts. In future, policy development needs to increasingly embrace science and be based on evidence. A genuine participatory process with citizen engagement could avoid the unintended negative impacts likely to be faced by transhumant herders with marginal land holdings, who depend on this production system for their livelihoods.

Learning from a Century of Planning Politics

Suburb ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Royce Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Montgomery County ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Development Patterns ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Land Use Policies ◽  
Stage Development ◽  
The Impact

This book examines the impact of planning politics on the public interest by focusing on the case of Montgomery County and its land use policy. In particular, it considers Montgomery's pioneering approach to inclusionary zoning, the Moderate-Priced Dwelling Unit Ordinance, in terms of its effect on development patterns and the character and cost of housing. Montgomery was among the earliest fast-growing suburbs to stage development concurrently with the provision of public facilities. Its land use policies were efforts by the county's planners and politicians to solve practical problems in the public interest. The book analyzes the chain of strategic decisions that transformed Montgomery County from a rural hinterland of Washington, D.C. into a socially diverse urbanizing county of a million people in Maryland. This introduction provides an overview of the growth of suburbs and its implications for neighborhoods and residents, Montgomery County's suburbanization, and the organization of the book.

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of government land use policies on tree canopy coverage

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Hill ◽  
Jeffrey H. Dorfman ◽  
Elizabeth Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Canopy Coverage ◽  
Land Use Policies ◽  
The Impact

Recent Trends of Desertification in the Maowusu Desert, China

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiu-Hung Luk
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Major Step ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Land Use Policies ◽  
The Impact

In the Maowusu Desert—which in the south-east encompasses part of the Yulin Region, Shaanxi Province, and in the north-west the Ih Ju League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region—desertification trends in relation to the impact of droughts and land-use changes were investigated. Data derived from Earth resources technology satellites (LANDSAT I and LANDSAT II, 1974–1978), and Chinese documentary sources, were used for the analysis. It was found that desert ‘expansion’ occurred during 1953–76, but the rates of expansion varied over time and space, relatively rapid desertification being observed for 1959–63 and 1971–76. The bulk of the expansion was located in the more arid Ih Ju League. The mean annual rate of areal expansion was 6.4% during 1958–71. By comparing the desertification rates with precipitation and land-use information, it was established that droughts have only accentuated the desertification process. The primary cause of desert expansion is the excessive clearing of land for rain-fed agriculture as well, of course, as overgrazing. Another contributory factor was culling of vegetation for fuel and raw materials for handicraft industries.Efforts have been expended on desert control since the mid-1950s, resulting in the arresting of desertification in some local areas. The individual success stories demonstrate that, with mass participation, effective desert control can be achieved by using low-level technology. However, the Chinese programme of desert control was not conceived as a comprehensive programme. Control activities relied almost exclusively on vegetational methods, and they were seldom coordinated with land-use policies as well as with the planning of energy supplies. The negligence of the fundamental conflict between expanding agricultural activities and desert control has led to a net desert expansion in the last 30 years. Recognition of this fundamental conflict and implementation of mitigative land-use policies, would be a major step towards resolving the desertification problem in the Maowusu Desert.

scholarly journals Examining interaction effects among land-use policies to reduce household vehicle travel: An exploratory analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 839-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwangyul Choi ◽  
Robert Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Metropolitan Statistical Area ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Land Use Policies ◽  
Use Factors ◽  
The Impact

Numerous studies have suggested that land-use policies can reduce vehicle travel through mode shifting and reduced trip lengths and generation of fewer or more efficient trips. The findings from previous studies also suggest that the combined effect of two or more land-use policies can be significant, although the effects of individual policies appear to be modest. These studies present area-wide impacts of land-use policies on travel and suggest that their effects are additive. However, very little is known about how each land-use policy interacts with the others at different levels of development intensity to reduce vehicle travel. In this study, we explore how three well-known land-use strategies (densification, mixed-use development, and street network improvement) interact with each other by testing possible combinations of land-use factors and focus on how these interactive effects vary by the level of development intensity. Employing ordinary least squares regression analysis using a dataset created for the Austin metropolitan statistical area (MSA) (using 2006 Austin Travel Survey data), we examine the impact of land use on household vehicle travel. Our findings suggest that interaction effects occur, but they vary by development intensity. The results of this study show the importance of considering both threshold (development intensity) and interaction (combination of policies) effects in understanding how land-use factors do and do not affect travel (based on their interactive opposed to only their direct and additive effects). Though this paper uses data from just one MSA and thus is merely suggestive, it does point to a possibly more nuanced use of the commonly prescribed planning and design policy variable to account for variation in effectiveness based on differences in development intensity. For example, we find that greater land-use intensification has higher efficacy in changing vehicle travel behavior in areas with relatively higher development intensity. Future research should include data from a broader array of metropolitan areas and incorporate additional predictor variables that were unavailable for this analysis.

The Impact of Development Projects on Estuarine and Other Wetland Ecosystems

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Elkington
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Estuarine Environment ◽  
Wetland Ecosystems ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
Land Use Policies ◽  
River Estuarine ◽  
Sound Management ◽  
The Impact

Wetlands represent significant reservoirs of wildlife and natural diversity, in addition to any role which they may play in underpinning the productivity of river, estuarine, and offshore, fisheries. Various campaigns have been mounted to publicize their value and plight, but it is argued that the pressures for development and economic growth are often such that the ecological issues are obscured.The biology of the estuarine environment is discussed as a first step to evaluating the impact of pollution and land-use policies. The impacts of urban, agricultural, and recreational, uses of wetland areas are reviewed, with particular reference to wetland ecosystems in Third World countries.The paper concludes by arguing that the estuarine environment needs to be considered as a single ecosystem, and that an understanding of the carrying capacity of a given environment is a necessary precondition for sound management policies. The destruction of natural resources in the process of development planning effectively inflates the costs of that development, emphasizing the need for an ecological basis for planning decisions. The importance of experiment in evaluating alternative land-use options (such as intensive fish-farming) is stressed, and a simple model for ecologically sound development is proposed which could apply to Lake Manzala, in the Arab Republic of Egypt's Northern Wetlands.

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