Dynamics of grazing rights and their impact on mobile cattle herders in Bhutan

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuenga Namgay ◽  
Joanne E. Millar ◽  
Rosemary S. Black
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Socioeconomic Impacts ◽  
Land Use Policies ◽  
Land Holdings ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Downstream Communities ◽  
The Impact

Seasonal cattle movements have been an important part of the living cultural heritage in Bhutan for centuries. Herders migrate south every winter to graze their cattle on subtropical pastures and to work in orange orchards. They return north to their villages in spring to grow summer crops. However, the practice of transhumant agropastoralism is under increasing pressure on account of changes in land-use policies, climate change and a declining labour force as youth seek alternative livelihoods. This research investigated the impact of changes in land-use policy, with emphasis on the Land Act 2007, on current and future livelihoods of transhumant herders in Bhutan. During in-depth interviews with 24 transhumant herders and nine livestock advisors, and seven focus-group discussions with 64 participants including herders, downstream residents and development agency personnel, perspectives on this issue were gathered. Findings revealed a lack of herder awareness of changes in land-use policies and minimal consultation of herders during policy development. Confusion and uncertainty about the proposed redistribution of grazing rights and restrictions on herd movements have resulted in confusion and resentment and have created conflicts between upstream and downstream communities. Herders with no current alternatives are concerned about their future livelihoods, whereas others are leaving it to their children to decide their future. It is concluded that the motive behind nationalisation of rangeland is noble and timely, but there are flaws in the redistribution plan. Transhumant agropastoralism is already in decline and there is no need to push towards its end through legislation. Transhumant practices could be left to evolve towards what may be their natural end. Sudden stoppage of inter-district transhumance without offering meaningful alternatives to herders could result in negative environmental and socioeconomic impacts. In future, policy development needs to increasingly embrace science and be based on evidence. A genuine participatory process with citizen engagement could avoid the unintended negative impacts likely to be faced by transhumant herders with marginal land holdings, who depend on this production system for their livelihoods.

scholarly journals Analyzing Bio-Geo-Chemical Factors in Relation to Land Use Trends on Basalt Terrain in Dong Nai and Nearby Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dang Kinh Bac ◽  
Dang Van Bao
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Land Use Management ◽  
Protected Forests ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Land Use Policies ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Remote Sensing Indices

Basalt terrain is widely distributed in the Central Highlands and Southeast of Vietnam. Currently, land use policies on basalt types are not really suitable, affecting economic growth and creating negative impacts on the environment, especially soil and water pollution. This study carried out the assessment of bio-geochemical conditions in three types of basalt terrain, using 16 remote sensing indices. The relationship between these indices is analyzed based on correlation matrix and structural equation model (SEM). The results show different land use management trends across the three basalt types. The results encourage the land-use management to (i) expand and maintain the protected forests on Miocene basalt; (ii) develop agriculture on the Pliocene - Pleistocene basalt terrain; and (iii) improve soil quality and ecotourism on late Pleistocene basalt terrain.

Learning from a Century of Planning Politics

Suburb ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Royce Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Montgomery County ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Development Patterns ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Land Use Policies ◽  
Stage Development ◽  
The Impact

This book examines the impact of planning politics on the public interest by focusing on the case of Montgomery County and its land use policy. In particular, it considers Montgomery's pioneering approach to inclusionary zoning, the Moderate-Priced Dwelling Unit Ordinance, in terms of its effect on development patterns and the character and cost of housing. Montgomery was among the earliest fast-growing suburbs to stage development concurrently with the provision of public facilities. Its land use policies were efforts by the county's planners and politicians to solve practical problems in the public interest. The book analyzes the chain of strategic decisions that transformed Montgomery County from a rural hinterland of Washington, D.C. into a socially diverse urbanizing county of a million people in Maryland. This introduction provides an overview of the growth of suburbs and its implications for neighborhoods and residents, Montgomery County's suburbanization, and the organization of the book.

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of government land use policies on tree canopy coverage

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Hill ◽  
Jeffrey H. Dorfman ◽  
Elizabeth Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Canopy Coverage ◽  
Land Use Policies ◽  
The Impact

Recent Trends of Desertification in the Maowusu Desert, China

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiu-Hung Luk
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Major Step ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Land Use Policies ◽  
The Impact

In the Maowusu Desert—which in the south-east encompasses part of the Yulin Region, Shaanxi Province, and in the north-west the Ih Ju League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region—desertification trends in relation to the impact of droughts and land-use changes were investigated. Data derived from Earth resources technology satellites (LANDSAT I and LANDSAT II, 1974–1978), and Chinese documentary sources, were used for the analysis. It was found that desert ‘expansion’ occurred during 1953–76, but the rates of expansion varied over time and space, relatively rapid desertification being observed for 1959–63 and 1971–76. The bulk of the expansion was located in the more arid Ih Ju League. The mean annual rate of areal expansion was 6.4% during 1958–71. By comparing the desertification rates with precipitation and land-use information, it was established that droughts have only accentuated the desertification process. The primary cause of desert expansion is the excessive clearing of land for rain-fed agriculture as well, of course, as overgrazing. Another contributory factor was culling of vegetation for fuel and raw materials for handicraft industries.Efforts have been expended on desert control since the mid-1950s, resulting in the arresting of desertification in some local areas. The individual success stories demonstrate that, with mass participation, effective desert control can be achieved by using low-level technology. However, the Chinese programme of desert control was not conceived as a comprehensive programme. Control activities relied almost exclusively on vegetational methods, and they were seldom coordinated with land-use policies as well as with the planning of energy supplies. The negligence of the fundamental conflict between expanding agricultural activities and desert control has led to a net desert expansion in the last 30 years. Recognition of this fundamental conflict and implementation of mitigative land-use policies, would be a major step towards resolving the desertification problem in the Maowusu Desert.

scholarly journals Pesticide Use in Northern Ireland’s Arable Crops from 1992–2016 and Implications for Future Policy Development

Agriculture ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Jess ◽  
David Matthews ◽  
Archie Murchie ◽  
Michael Lavery
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Arable Crops ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Consequent Reduction ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Reduction In Area

Since the 1960s, the objective for the United Kingdom (UK) government policy and legislation on crop protection practices has been to minimise the impact of pesticide use in agriculture and horticulture to the wider environment. Subsequent European Union (EU) policy and legislation have also targeted this objective through a demanding approvals process, competency tests for users, maximum residue limits, regular post-registration monitoring and the promotion of integrated pest and disease management techniques. However, none of this substantive regulation refers to target reduction levels for pesticide use. Since 1992, the number of arable farms in Northern Ireland has decreased by 61% with a consequent reduction of 34% in the area of arable crops grown. Despite this reduction in area of arable crops grown, the area treated by the major pesticide groups increased by 49% due to intensification, but the weight of major pesticides applied to arable crops decreased by 37%. However, the intensity of application measured by the total quantity of all pesticides applied to the basic area of arable crops treated remained relatively constant at approximately 3.2 kg/ha. Pesticide usage trends and reduction policies in other geographic regions are also discussed for comparative purposes.

scholarly journals Impact of Demonetization Process on the Performance of Nifty

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-30
Author(s):  
Mohd. Shamim
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
T Test ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Periodic Review ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Statistical Results

This paper investigates the impact of demonetization process on the performance of Nifty 50 and its Sectorial Indices. The study uses data of closing prices from 28 June 2016 up to 20 March 2017. The study employs descriptive statistics, paired sample T test and ANOVA to evaluate the impact of demonetization process on the performance of Nifty 50 and its Sectorial Indices. It has found that there is statistical significance at the level of 5% that Nifty 50 dropped after the demonetization event as compared to the pre demonetization event. Further, the results reveal that most of Sectorial Indices of Nifty 50 sloped downward post demonetization event and the significance of the statistical results are varied from one sector to another. It is recommended that periodic review of the policy should be made to iron out the negative impacts of demonetization. Also, it is imperative to evaluate the impact of demonetization on the short, medium, and long run to avoid any grey areas for any future policy regarding cashless economy or demonetization.

Gender, CSR, and Mining

2018 ◽  
pp. 63-69
Keyword(s):  
Health Issues ◽  
Environmental Groups ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Socioeconomic Impacts ◽  
Mining Communities ◽  
Political Roles ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Capital Intensive

This chapter focuses on the impact of mining MNCs and the industry on women in Thailand. Similar to most cases of mining communities in developing countries, the results show various socioeconomic impacts of mining MNCs in Thailand. They include work and economic opportunities for women, political roles and participation for women, and health issues, which seemed prominent among women who participated in this study. Local and international environmental groups have become increasingly involved in mining disputes with the Thai community that participated in this study. Meanwhile, local communities have become more concerned about shouldering all the negative impacts of mining but receiving few of the benefits. This is especially the case because capital-intensive large mining operations generate only a fraction of the jobs for certain groups of people. This study shows that employment policies of mining MNCs have affected the geographic distribution of benefits and costs. The influx of new migrants from Bangkok or other major cities also puts great strains on the existing social and economic infrastructure. It is essential that some mechanisms exist to ensure an orderly expansion of activities and provision of services by mining MNCs in Thailand.

scholarly journals An Integrated Design Strategy for the Urban Regeneration of West Bay, Business District of Doha (State of Qatar)

Designs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Al-Thani ◽  
Raffaello Furlan
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Integrated Design ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Light Rail ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Business District ◽  
The Impact

Emergent communities have integrated land use and transportation plan based on transit-oriented developments (TODs) and light rail transit with the sole purpose to enliven and redevelop the constructed environment. Doha has undergone some major transformation in urban growth context due to surge in the economy instigated by oil and gas production. It is noticed that the rapid growth has led to negative impacts in terms of urban design, connectivity, and transportation. It is essential to understand the impact of the TOD model with regards to the challenges and approaches in terms of planning procedures and tactics. The purpose of TOD module is to facilitate access for public transportation and to enable transit commutation which is a missing aspect in the current setting. TODs support and enable sustainable urbanism by revitalizing the livability through integration of land use schemes in the city. This paper focuses on bringing together TOD livability approaches within West Bay, the business district of Doha and its adjacent surroundings. The objective of this research is to assess the livability in West Bay with the implementation of the TOD model. The research findings help to revisit the design and application of TOD models and to enhance the livable conditions for its occupants. The finding suggests a design model based on livability, compactness, public realms, walkability, and accessibility.

scholarly journals Spatial Determinants of Land Conversion for Various Urban Use: A Case Study of Beijing

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 708
Author(s):  
Daquan Huang ◽  
Erxuan Chu ◽  
Tao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Autocorrelation ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Municipal Government ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Construction Land ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact

Studying the factors that influence the expansion of different types of construction land is instrumental in formulating targeted policies and regulations, and can reduce or prevent the negative impacts of unreasonable land use changes. Using land use survey data of Beijing (2001 and 2010), an autologistic model quantitatively analyzed the leading driving forces and differences in four types of construction land expansion (industrial, residential, public service, and commercial land types), focusing on the impact of spatial autocorrelation. The results showed that the influencing factors vary greatly for different types of construction land expansion; the same factor may have a different impact on different construction land, and both planning factors and spatial autocorrelation variables have a significant positive effect on the four types. Accordingly, the municipal government should consider the differences in the expansion mechanisms and driving forces of different construction land and formulate suitable planning schemes, observe the impact of spatial autocorrelation on construction land expansion, and guide spatial agglomeration through policies while appropriately controlling the scale of expansion. The methods and policy recommendations of this research are significant for urban land expansion research and policy formulations in other transition economies and developing countries.

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