Learning from a Century of Planning Politics

Suburb ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Royce Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Montgomery County ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Development Patterns ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Land Use Policies ◽  
Stage Development ◽  
The Impact

This book examines the impact of planning politics on the public interest by focusing on the case of Montgomery County and its land use policy. In particular, it considers Montgomery's pioneering approach to inclusionary zoning, the Moderate-Priced Dwelling Unit Ordinance, in terms of its effect on development patterns and the character and cost of housing. Montgomery was among the earliest fast-growing suburbs to stage development concurrently with the provision of public facilities. Its land use policies were efforts by the county's planners and politicians to solve practical problems in the public interest. The book analyzes the chain of strategic decisions that transformed Montgomery County from a rural hinterland of Washington, D.C. into a socially diverse urbanizing county of a million people in Maryland. This introduction provides an overview of the growth of suburbs and its implications for neighborhoods and residents, Montgomery County's suburbanization, and the organization of the book.

Suburb

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Royce Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Growth Management ◽  
Land Use Policy ◽  
Montgomery County ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
Guided Growth ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Reputation

Land use policy is at the center of suburban political economies because everything has to happen somewhere but nothing happens by itself. This book explores how well a century of strategic land-use decisions served the public interest in Montgomery County, Maryland, a suburb of Washington, D.C. Transformed from a rural hinterland into the home of a million people and a half-million jobs, Montgomery County built a national reputation for innovation in land use policy—including inclusive zoning, linking zoning to master plans, preservation of farmland and open space, growth management, and transit-oriented development. A pervasive theme of the book involves the struggle for influence over land use policy between two virtual suburban republics. Developers, their business allies, and sympathetic officials sought a virtuous cycle of market-guided growth in which land was a commodity and residents were customers who voted with their feet. Homeowners, environmentalists, and their allies saw themselves as citizens and stakeholders with moral claims on the way development occurred and made their wishes known at the ballot box. This book evaluates how well the development pattern produced by decades of planning decisions served the public interest.

Planning Politics

Suburb ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Royce Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Land Use Policy ◽  
Development Pattern ◽  
Montgomery County ◽  
Distinctive Pattern ◽  
The Public ◽  
Land Use Decisions

This chapter examines how planning politics produced a distinctive pattern of development in Montgomery County over a century of land use decisions. It introduces a conceptual framework to help make sense of how and why that particular development pattern emerged. It also considers the respective and complementary roles played by planners and politicians by focusing on the distinctive ways they think; the ideas and values that guide the principal interests that influence land use policy; and innovation, inertia, and transition in land use policy and the interests or values those policies reflected. The chapter shows that land use decisions reflected the “balance” struck between the reasoning of planners and politicians and the interests and values of the two virtual republics represented in the four governing regimes of different eras of county development. These two republics are rooted in Hamiltonian and Jeffersonian ideals and contest different notions of property rights, democracy, community welfare, efficiency, fairness, governance, and the public interest.

Freedom of Expression versus Privacy and the Right to Reputation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Voorhoof
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Media Freedom ◽  
Investigative Journalism ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Right Of Privacy ◽  
The One ◽  
Grand Chamber ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

The normative perspective of this chapter is how to guarantee respect for the fundamental values of freedom of expression and journalistic reporting on matters of public interest in cases where a (public) person claims protection of his or her right to reputation. First it explains why there is an increasing number and expanding potential of conflicts between the right to freedom of expression and media freedom (Article 10 ECHR), on the one hand, and the right of privacy and the right to protection of reputation (Article 8 ECHR), on the other. In addressing and analysing the European Court’s balancing approach in this domain, the characteristics and the impact of the seminal 2012 Grand Chamber judgment in Axel Springer AG v. Germany (no. 1) are identified and explained. On the basis of the analysis of the Court’s subsequent jurisprudence in defamation cases it evaluates whether this case law preserves the public watchdog-function of media, investigative journalism and NGOs reporting on matters of public interest, but tarnishing the reputation of public figures.

Human rights restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland and Russia. Legal and comparative aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 2(24) ◽  
pp. 323-340
Author(s):  
Marta Pietras-Eichberger
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
The Impact

The study analyzed selected issues related to the scope of human rights and freedoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland and Russia. The author wanted to compare the regulations issued by a Member State of the European Union and a country outside the European Union, often using undemocratic methods of exercising power. The work focuses on research problems related to the principles of protection, the confrontation of individual interests with the public interest, and the impact of the regimes introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic on human rights law in both countries. The thesis of the study is that in the event of a threat to public health, analogous restrictions on human rights are introduced both in an undemocratic country and in a country belonging to international structures identifying with democratic values. The state of the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed, and in some area even contributed to the creation of mechanisms reserved for crisis situations, posing a direct and real threat to public safety and health.

Dynamics of grazing rights and their impact on mobile cattle herders in Bhutan

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuenga Namgay ◽  
Joanne E. Millar ◽  
Rosemary S. Black
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Socioeconomic Impacts ◽  
Land Use Policies ◽  
Land Holdings ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Downstream Communities ◽  
The Impact

Seasonal cattle movements have been an important part of the living cultural heritage in Bhutan for centuries. Herders migrate south every winter to graze their cattle on subtropical pastures and to work in orange orchards. They return north to their villages in spring to grow summer crops. However, the practice of transhumant agropastoralism is under increasing pressure on account of changes in land-use policies, climate change and a declining labour force as youth seek alternative livelihoods. This research investigated the impact of changes in land-use policy, with emphasis on the Land Act 2007, on current and future livelihoods of transhumant herders in Bhutan. During in-depth interviews with 24 transhumant herders and nine livestock advisors, and seven focus-group discussions with 64 participants including herders, downstream residents and development agency personnel, perspectives on this issue were gathered. Findings revealed a lack of herder awareness of changes in land-use policies and minimal consultation of herders during policy development. Confusion and uncertainty about the proposed redistribution of grazing rights and restrictions on herd movements have resulted in confusion and resentment and have created conflicts between upstream and downstream communities. Herders with no current alternatives are concerned about their future livelihoods, whereas others are leaving it to their children to decide their future. It is concluded that the motive behind nationalisation of rangeland is noble and timely, but there are flaws in the redistribution plan. Transhumant agropastoralism is already in decline and there is no need to push towards its end through legislation. Transhumant practices could be left to evolve towards what may be their natural end. Sudden stoppage of inter-district transhumance without offering meaningful alternatives to herders could result in negative environmental and socioeconomic impacts. In future, policy development needs to increasingly embrace science and be based on evidence. A genuine participatory process with citizen engagement could avoid the unintended negative impacts likely to be faced by transhumant herders with marginal land holdings, who depend on this production system for their livelihoods.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KRIB TERHADAP KECEPATAN ALIRAN PADA SUNGAI KRUENG ACEH

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-301
Author(s):  
Sari Rezeki ◽  
Eldina Fatimah ◽  
Masimin Masimin
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Error ◽  
Flow Speed ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
Speed Distribution ◽  
Surface Water Modeling ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Downstream Area ◽  
Large Discharge ◽  
System Program

Krueng Aceh River is one of the rivers that has a large discharge crossing two administrative regions, namely Banda Aceh City and Aceh Besar District. One of the problems in Krueng Aceh river, precisely around the area of Pango fly over towards the downstream area is the high flow speed distribution at the turn of the river. The impact of the bridge pillar on the river turn results in changes in the cross section of the river endangering the public facilities in front of it. Based on this analysis, it is necessary to control and secure the river, namely by placing the Groyne. The purpose of this study is to obtain a speed distribution that occurs from placing Groyne construction. The methodology used in this study with hydrodynamic numerical modeling approach is by using the Surface Water Modeling System program (SMS 11.2). Calibrating with the parameter n = 0.025 has obtained an absolute error value of 0.039 in cross 1 and 0.051 in cross 2. Based on the analysis of 20 scenarios with 7 m and 9 m distance variations, 5-unit and 3-unit Groyne variations, and the variations in perpendicular angle and 10°, 30° (degrees) towards the downstream and the upstream area, as well as the flow speed with the same number of Groyne and distance variations, the result shows that (V7 m V9 m à 5 unit) and (V7 m V9 m à 3 unit). The simulation results show that the more the number of Groyne there are, the more negative the impact on the downstream area becomes, the more narrow the Groyne, the higher the flow speed value increases. From the 20 scenarios, we obtained a Groyne scenario that is in accordance with the field conditions, namely the Groyne scenario with a distance of 7 m, 3-unit cribs, and a Groyne placement angle of 30° towards upstream area (GUb3L7). The result of the velocity distribution observation shows that the scenario of GUb3L7 Existing (without pillars)

The Importance of Planning and Politics

Suburb ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Royce Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Public ◽  
General Plan ◽  
Silver Spring ◽  
Political Economies ◽  
Traditional Land Use

This book concludes with a discussion of Montgomery County's contribution to understanding planning politics. Montgomery's experience highlights the complementary roles and reasoning processes of planners and politicians as they sought to act in the public interest. One of the most valuable lessons planners and political leaders can take from Montgomery's cases is the importance of persistence in land use policy. This is evident in the General Plan, the Agricultural Reserve, and Silver Spring. Furthermore, Montgomery shows that planning matters even if planning politics is hard. This conclusion argues that planning for the next half-century will require a fusion of traditional land use planning with a broader capacity for rethinking Montgomery's role in the metropolitan, state, national, and world political economies. It ends by speculating on the county's future.

‘This Happens All the Time’: Organizations, Rationalization and Ethical Dilemmas in Engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 985-1003
Author(s):  
Tracey L Adams
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Ethical Standards ◽  
Professional Misconduct ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact

Given their positions of public trust, regulated professions are legally required to uphold ethical standards, and ensure that professional practice protects the public. Nonetheless, there is ample evidence that professionals do not always behave ethically. One proposed solution is greater organizational surveillance; however, research from a neo-Weberian perspective encourages scepticism about such arguments. Organizations may not only fail to stop professionals from violating ethical codes, but rationalizing organizations might actively encourage such violations in the name of efficiency. This article explores the impact of organizations and rationalization on professional misconduct through a mixed-methods study of professional engineers in Ontario, Canada. Findings suggest engineers are impacted by rationalization, and that those with less decision-making authority experience pressures discouraging practice in the public interest.

scholarly journals The impact of monetization on the public functions of Weibo

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lize Zhang ◽  
Weiyu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

Operating as a commercial business with public functions, Weibo’s pursuit of profits has to be balanced with the demands of citizen users. This article examines how the dynamics between increasing profits and preserving public interest manifests itself in Weibo’s monetization and how the dynamics impacts Weibo’s public functions. Drawn on evidence collected through participant observation and 19 in-depth interviews, this article first provides a description of the major practices of monetization. Next, it describes how the introduction of commercial elements, the cluttered product development, and the embrace with strong domestic capitals reshape Weibo’s public functions. Finally, it concludes with a discussion on the attitude of Weibo toward the dynamics between profits and public interest, and how Weibo’s pursuit of profits under the market influence has to be included when examining Weibo’s impact on the development of Chinese society.

Evaluating the Effects of External Takeover on the Performance of Regional Companies: The Case of Scotland, 1965 to 1980

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Ashcroft ◽  
J H Love
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Sales Performance ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Rates Of Return ◽  
The Public ◽  
Regional Economic Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Harmful Effects

A framework is suggested for the evaluation of the effects of external takeover on regional economic performance, and an approach is offered to identify the impact of takeover on the performance of the acquired firm. The approach is then applied to estimate the effects of external takeover on the performance of Scottish manufacturing companies between 1965 and 1980. The results show that external takeover improved sales performance but lowered rates of return in acquired firms. Employment was, in general, unaffected. Overall, the effects on acquired firms are judged to have been beneficial, but evidence of harmful effects on the wider regional economy suggests that it cannot be assumed that such takeovers will not be against the public interest.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document