scholarly journals Personality versus traffic accidents; meta-analysis of real and method effects

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 90-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders af Wåhlberg ◽  
Peter Barraclough ◽  
James Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Method Effects

The potential risk of toxoplasmosis for traffic accidents: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaban Gohardehi ◽  
Mehdi Sharif ◽  
Shahabeddin Sarvi ◽  
Mahmood Moosazadeh ◽  
Reza Alizadeh-Navaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Meta Analysis

scholarly journals Experience as a Safety Factor in Driving; Methodological Considerations in a Sample of Bus Drivers

Safety ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders af Wåhlberg ◽  
Lisa Dorn
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Bus Drivers ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Method Effects ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Exact Size ◽  
Methodological Considerations

Experience is generally seen as an important factor for safe driving, but the exact size and details of this effect has never been meta-analytically described, despite a fair number of published results. However, the available data is heterogeneous concerning the methods used, which could lead to very different results. Such method effects can be difficult to identify in meta-analysis, and a within-study comparison might yield more reliable results. To test for the difference in effects between some different analytical methods, analyses of data on bus driver experience and crash involvement from a British company were conducted. Effects of within- and between-subjects analysis, non-linearity of effects, and direct and induced exposure methods were compared. Furthermore, changes in the environmental risk were investigated. Between-subject designs yielded smaller effects as compared to within-subjects designs, while non-linearity was not found. The type of exposure control applied had a strong influence on effects, as did differences in overall environmental risk between years. Apparently, “the effect of driving experience” means different things depending upon how calculations have been undertaken, at least for bus drivers. A full meta-analysis, taking several effects of methodology into account, is needed before it can be said that the effect of driving experience on crash involvement is well understood.

scholarly journals Country, sector and method effects in studying remunicipalization: a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 002085232110079
Author(s):  
Bart Voorn
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Local Public Services ◽  
Method Effects ◽  
Large Period

A growing literature demonstrates increasing remunicipalization of local public services. Yet, while this literature is becoming extensive, many debates still exist about remunicipalization’s causes. This article reports the findings of a meta-analysis of the remunicipalization literature, focusing on the question: how do country, sector and method effects affect the findings of remunicipalization studies? I include articles on remunicipalization under different terms (‘remunicipalization’, ‘reverse privatization’, ‘insourcing’ and ‘contracting in’), using a large range of methods (case studies, surveys and document analysis) and covering a large period (1995–2019). I find 30 causes of remunicipalization that are considered and found in the literature. Political and pragmatic factors appear to be most frequently considered and found as causes of remunicipalization in the literature; environmental factors are less often considered but seem highly relevant. Moreover, I uncover large differences between the qualitative and quantitative literatures. I offer a research agenda to allow greater future synthesis in the remunicipalization literature. Points for practitioners The literature on remunicipalization is highly fragmented and remunicipalization can have many different causes. Remunicipalization appears to be both a political and a pragmatic trend, but the literature is still too fragmented to know for sure. Be aware of the potential biases and limitations in current research on (causes of) remunicipalization.

244 Traumatic Brain Injury Related Paediatric Mortality and Morbidity in Low- And Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Bandyopadhyay ◽  
M Kawka ◽  
K Marks ◽  
G Richards ◽  
E Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Aim Three million cases of paediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI) occur annually, the majority of which occur in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). However, there is a paucity of data on the outcomes of pTBI available. We aimed to systematically review and synthesise the reported morbidity and mortality from pTBI in the published literature about LMICs. Method A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, and Global Index Medicus were searched for relevant articles from January 2000 to May 2020. Observational or experimental studies on pTBI (individuals between the ages of 0 to 16 years) in LMICs were included. Morbidity data were descriptively analysed, and a random-effects model was used to pool mortality rates. PROSPERO ID: CRD42020171276. Results We included 145 studies from 38 countries representing 174073 patients with pTBI. Males were twice (95% CI: 1.6 – 2.4) as likely to have a pTBI than females. Where available, mild TBI represented ≥ 60% of all pTBI cases in most reports (n = 24/43, 56%). The commonest cited cause of pTBI was road traffic accidents (n = 16643/43083, 39%), followed by falls (n = 10927/43083, 25%). 4385 patients (n = 4385/18092, 24%) had a reduction from normal function on discharge. On average, there were 6.7 deaths per 100 cases of pTBI. Conclusions Only 38 LMICs have published data on the volume and burden of pTBI in their country. Limited data available suggests that young male children are at a high-risk of pTBIs in LMICs, particularly from road traffic accidents.

scholarly journals P300 Measures and Drive-Related Risks: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5266
Author(s):  
Chao Fang ◽  
Yamei Zhang ◽  
Mingyi Zhang ◽  
Qun Fang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Driving Performance ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Effective Prevention

Detecting signs for an increased level of risk during driving are critical for the effective prevention of road traffic accidents. The current study searched for literature through major databases such as PubMed, EBSCO, IEEE, and ScienceDirect. A total of 14 articles that measured P300 components in relation to driving tasks were included for a systematic review and meta-analysis. The risk factors investigated in the reviewed articles were summarized in five categories, including reduced attention, distraction, alcohol, challenging situations on the road, and negative emotion. A meta-analysis was conducted at both behavioral and neural levels. Behavioral performance was measured by the reaction time and driving performance, while the neural response was measured by P300 amplitude and latency. A significant increase in reaction time was identified when drivers were exposed to the risk factors. In addition, the significant effects of a reduced P300 amplitude and prolonged P300 latency indicated a reduced capacity for cognitive information processing. There was a tendency of driving performance decrement in relation to the risk factors, however, the effect was non-significant due to considerable variations and heterogeneity across the included studies. The results led to the conclusion that the P300 amplitude and latency are reliable indicators and predictors of the increased risk in driving. Future applications of the P300-based brain–computer interface (BCI) system may make considerable contributions toward preventing road traffic accidents.

scholarly journals Driving us mad: the association of Toxoplasma gondii with suicide attempts and traffic accidents – a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 1608-1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjen L. Sutterland ◽  
Anne Kuin ◽  
Bouke Kuiper ◽  
Tom van Gool ◽  
Marion Leboyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Population Attributable Fraction ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Statistical Adjustment ◽  
Antibody Titres

AbstractUnnatural causes of death due to traffic accidents (TA) and suicide attempts (SA) constitute a major burden on global health, which remained stable in the last decade despite widespread efforts of prevention. Recently, latent infection with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) has been suggested to be a biological risk factor for both TA and SA. Therefore, a systematic search concerning the relationship of T. gondii infection with TA and/or SA according to PRISMA guidelines in Medline, Pubmed and PsychInfo was conducted collecting papers up to 11 February 2019 (PROSPERO #CRD42018090206). The random-effect model was applied and sensitivity analyses were subsequently performed. Lastly, the population attributable fraction (PAF) was calculated. We found a significant association for antibodies against T. gondii with TA [odds ratio (OR) = 1.69; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20–2.38, p = 0.003] and SA (OR = 1.39; 95% CI 1.10–1.76, p = 0006). Indication of publication bias was found for TA, but statistical adjustment for this bias did not change the OR. Heterogeneity between studies on SA was partly explained by type of control population used (ORhealthy controls = 1.9, p < 0.001 v. ORpsychiatric controls = 1.06, p = 0.87) and whether subjects with schizophrenia only were analysed (ORschizophrenia = 0.87, p = 0.62 v. ORvarious = 1.8, p < 0.001). The association was significantly stronger with higher antibody titres in TA and in studies that did not focus on schizophrenia subjects concerning SA. PAF of a T. gondii infection was 17% for TA and 10% for SA. This indicates that preventing T. gondii infection may play a role in the prevention of TA or SA, although uncertainty remains whether infection and outcome are truly causally related.

scholarly journals Blood Donation Practice and Associated Factors in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Addisu Getie ◽  
Adam Wondmieneh ◽  
Melaku Bimerew ◽  
Getnet Gedefaw ◽  
Asmamaw Demis
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Surgical Conditions

Background. Blood donation is a novel act to save the lives of people who face serious medical and surgical conditions. Since the demand for blood supply is too high, there is a shortage of blood which causes significant morbidity and mortality. To increase blood supply and maintain adequate quantity of blood, regular and volunteer blood donation practice is needed, which meets the increased demand for blood. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed at assessing the prevalence of blood donation practices and associated factors in Ethiopia. Method. PubMed/MEDLINE, HINARI, Embase, Scopus, Google Scholar, African Journals Online (AJOL), and published and unpublished articles from the Ethiopian University repository were searched to find articles. Cochrane I 2 statistics and Egger’s test with funnel plots were done to check heterogeneity and publication bias, respectively. Subgroup analysis by region, study subjects, study setting, and sample size was done due to heterogeneity, as well as sensitivity analysis. Result. Twenty studies from different regions with a total study subject of 8546 were included in the final review. The pooled prevalence of blood donation practice in Ethiopia was 25.82% (95% CI: 21.45-30.19). Having good knowledge of blood donation ( AOR = 2.85 ; 95% CI: 2.33-3.48) and favorable attitude ( AOR = 4.35 ; 95% CI: 2.93-6.45) were factors associated with blood donation practice in Ethiopia. Conclusion. The pooled prevalence of blood donation practices in Ethiopia was short of the demand for blood due to the increase in serious medical conditions and road traffic accidents. Knowledge and attitude towards blood donation were significantly associated with blood donation practice. Therefore, awareness creation and health education programs targeting blood donation practice should be strengthened.

Who is driving and who is prone to have traffic accidents? A systematic review and meta-analysis among people with seizures

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 252-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Xu ◽  
Zien Zhou ◽  
Janani Shanthosh ◽  
Maree L. Hackett ◽  
Craig S. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Meta Analysis
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