scholarly journals Country, sector and method effects in studying remunicipalization: a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 002085232110079
Author(s):  
Bart Voorn
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Large Range ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Local Public Services ◽  
Method Effects ◽  
Large Period

A growing literature demonstrates increasing remunicipalization of local public services. Yet, while this literature is becoming extensive, many debates still exist about remunicipalization’s causes. This article reports the findings of a meta-analysis of the remunicipalization literature, focusing on the question: how do country, sector and method effects affect the findings of remunicipalization studies? I include articles on remunicipalization under different terms (‘remunicipalization’, ‘reverse privatization’, ‘insourcing’ and ‘contracting in’), using a large range of methods (case studies, surveys and document analysis) and covering a large period (1995–2019). I find 30 causes of remunicipalization that are considered and found in the literature. Political and pragmatic factors appear to be most frequently considered and found as causes of remunicipalization in the literature; environmental factors are less often considered but seem highly relevant. Moreover, I uncover large differences between the qualitative and quantitative literatures. I offer a research agenda to allow greater future synthesis in the remunicipalization literature. Points for practitioners The literature on remunicipalization is highly fragmented and remunicipalization can have many different causes. Remunicipalization appears to be both a political and a pragmatic trend, but the literature is still too fragmented to know for sure. Be aware of the potential biases and limitations in current research on (causes of) remunicipalization.

Interactions between toxic chemicals and natural environmental factors — A meta-analysis and case studies

2010 ◽  
Vol 408 (18) ◽  
pp. 3763-3774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryszard Laskowski ◽  
Agnieszka J. Bednarska ◽  
Paulina E. Kramarz ◽  
Susana Loureiro ◽  
Volker Scheil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Toxic Chemicals

scholarly journals The toxic effects of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine on skeletal muscle: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Cristina Biguetti ◽  
Joel Ferreira Santiago Junior ◽  
Matthew William Fiedler ◽  
Mauro Toledo Marrelli ◽  
Marco Brotto
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative

AbstractThe aim of this systematic review was to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis on the toxic effects of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on skeletal muscles. We designed the study according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies for qualitative and quantitative analyses were selected according to the following inclusion criteria: English language; size of sample (> 5 patients), adult (> age of 18) patients, treated with CQ/HCQ for inflammatory diseases, and presenting and not presenting with toxic effects on skeletal muscles. We collected data published from 1990 to April 2020 using PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and SciELO. Risk of bias for observational studies was assessed regarding the ROBIN-I scale. Studies with less than five patients (case reports) were selected for an additional qualitative analysis. We used the software Comprehensive Meta-Analysis at the confidence level of 0.05. We identified 23 studies for qualitative analysis (17 case-reports), and five studies were eligible for quantitative analysis. From case reports, 21 patients presented muscle weakness and confirmatory biopsy for CQ/HCQ induced myopathy. From observational studies, 37 patients out of 1,367 patients from five studies presented muscle weakness related to the use of CQ/HCQ, and 252 patients presented elevated levels of muscle enzymes (aldolase, creatine phosphokinase, and lactate dehydrogenase). Four studies presented data on 34 patients with confirmatory biopsy for drug-induced myopathy. No study presented randomized samples. The chronic use of CQ/HCQ may be a risk for drug-induced myopathy. There is substantiated need for proper randomized trials and controlled prospective studies needed to assess the clinical and subclinical stages of CQ/HCQ -induced muscle myopathy.

scholarly journals Outcomes Following Primary Realignment Versus Suprapubic Cystostomy with Delayed Urethroplasty for Pelvic Fracture-Associated Posterior Urethral Injury: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Light ◽  
Tanya Gupta ◽  
Maria Dadabhoy ◽  
Allen Daniel ◽  
Madura Nandakumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Pelvic Fracture ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Urethral Injury ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Suprapubic Cystostomy

Objective: Pelvic fracture can be complicated by posterior urethral injury (PUI) in up to 25% of cases. PUI can produce considerable morbidity, including urethral stricture, erectile dysfunction (ED), and urinary incontinence. Optimal management of PUI is unclear, however, the current gold standard is placement of a suprapubic cystostomy with delayed urethroplasty (SCDU) performed several months later. Another option is early primary realignment (PR) with urethral catheter, performed either open or endoscopically. Through a systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to compare PR and SCDU regarding stricture, ED, and urinary incontinence rates. In light of advancing endoscopic techniques, we also aimed to compare early endoscopic realignment (EER) alone with SCDU. Methods: PubMed, Medline, and Embase were searched for eligible studies comparing PR, including EER, and suprapubic cystostomy plus delayed urethroplasty from database inception until July 17th, 2018. We also reviewed reference lists from relevant articles. Study quality assessment was conducted using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa (mNOS) scale (maximum score 9). Results: From 461 identified articles, 13 studies encompassing 414 PR and 308 SCDU patients met our eligibility criteria. Twelve studies were retrospective non-randomized case studies, with 1 prospective randomized case study. Included studies were of moderately low quality (mNOS mean score: 6.0 ± 0.6). Meta-analysis demonstrated that PR and SCDU had similar stricture rates [odds ratio (OR): 2.14; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.67-6.85; p = 0.20], similar rates of ED (OR: 1.06; 95% CI: 0.62-1.81; p = 0.84), and similar rates of urinary incontinence (OR: 0.94; 95% CI: 0.49-1.79; p = 0.86). Six studies compared EER alone (229 patients) versus SCDU (195 patients). Meta-analysis demonstrated that these modalities also had similar stricture rates (OR: 4.14; 95% CI: 0.76-22.45; p = 0.10), similar rates of ED (OR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.41-1.54; p = 0.49), and similar rates of urinary incontinence (OR: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.48-2.53; p = 0.82). Conclusion: For PUI patients, neither PR nor EER produces superior outcomes compared to SCDU regarding stricture, ED, and urinary incontinence rates. The quality of studies in the literature, however, is very poor, with the majority of studies being non-randomized retrospective case studies with potentially high bias. Additional high-quality research, particularly prospective studies and randomized controlled trials, are needed to strengthen the evidence base.

scholarly journals Ontological modeling of the International Classification of Functioning, Disabilities and Health (ICF): Activities&Participation and Environmental Factors components

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Cozzi ◽  
Andrea Martinuzzi ◽  
Vincenzo Della Mea
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
International Classification ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Upper Ontology

Abstract Background The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is a classification of health and health-related states developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) to provide a standard and unified language to be used as a reference model for the description of health and health-related states. The concept of functioning on which ICF is based is that of a “dynamic interaction between a person’s health condition, environmental factors and personal factors”. This overall model has been translated into a classification covering all the main components of functioning. However, the practical use of ICF has highlighted some formal problems, mainly concerning conceptual clarity and ontological coherence. Methods In the present work, we propose an initial ontological formalization of ICF beyond its current status, focusing specifically on the interaction between activities and participation and environmental factors. The formalization has been based on ontology engineering methods to drive goal and scope definition, knowledge acquisition, selection of an upper ontology for mapping, conceptual model definition and evaluation, and finally representation using the Ontology Web Language (OWL). Results A conceptual model has been defined in a graphical language that included 202 entities, when possible mapped to the SUMO upper ontology. The conceptual model has been validated against 60 case studies from the literature, plus 6 ad-hoc case studies. The model has been then represented using OWL. Conclusions This formalization might provide the basis for a revision of the ICF classification in line with current efforts made by WHO on the International Classification of Diseases and on the International Classification of Health Interventions.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL PUBLIC EXPENSES: AN INTEGRATIVE LITERATURE REVIEW AND FUTURE RESEARCH AGENDA

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
LARISSA MARCHIORI PACHECO ◽  
MARINA KOLLAND DANTAS ◽  
CLÁUDIA SOUZA PASSADOR ◽  
LARA BARTOCCI LIBONI-AMUI
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Public Action ◽  
Future Research Agenda

Abstract Several studies analysed the environmental public expenditures, its allocation and role as an instrument for public action. However, there is still a gap in the literature, since there are no works that integrate and systematize the existing knowledge. Therefore, we conducted an integrative literature review, and selected thirty articles for synthesis, classification and coding based on a system proposed by the authors. We identified that researches on this field are still recent and publications are concentrated in Europe and Latin America. Regarding the research methods, the qualitative approach based on case studies was used to develop the majority of the studies. Also, the studies in general combined different spheres of analysis, discussing topics on performance and description of expenses. The results showed that there is a need for studies that promote themes such as transparency, accounting organization and the creation of indicators, enabling deeper analysis. An agenda with eight research suggestions was proposed based on observed theoretical limitations.

scholarly journals The Emergence of Nature in Contemporary Iranian Architecture

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (Special-Issue1) ◽  
pp. 144-156
Author(s):  
Mahmood Feizabadi ◽  
Mohammadjavad Mahdavinejad ◽  
Seyyed Mirhosseini
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
Analytic Method ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Quantitative Manner ◽  
Contemporary Architecture

In this study, we discuss ways of affecting nature on contemporary architecture and utilise them to survey the naturalism of case studies of Iranian architecture. The basic question in this study is: 'how ways of utilising nature have influenced on contemporary public works of Iran?' Descriptive-analytic method is used to achieve the results. The literature review was done by using archival methods, then the ways of affecting nature on contemporary architecture were listed as an evaluation criteria. Next, characteristics of sample projects were analyzed by using surveying methods, and their effects were submitted in qualitative and quantitative manner. The results of the study showed that some ways of affecting nature include scenery, material and conceptual have had the most usage in contemporary public buildings of Iran, and some others include spatial, functional and formal have been overlooked.

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