scholarly journals The correlation between gear contact friction and ball on disc friction measurements

2015 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 114-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Björling ◽  
J. Miettinen ◽  
P. Marklund ◽  
A. Lehtovaara ◽  
R. Larsson
Keyword(s):  
Contact Friction ◽  
Friction Measurements ◽  
Gear Contact ◽  
Ball On Disc

scholarly journals Tribofilm Formation of Simulated Gear Contact Along the Line of Action

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Bayat ◽  
Arto Lehtovaara
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Sliding Contact ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Experimental Simulation ◽  
Threshold Pressure ◽  
Spacer Layer ◽  
Interferometry Method ◽  
Gear Contact ◽  
Ball On Disc

Abstract In this paper, an experimental simulation method was used for evaluating the tribofilm formation in rolling/sliding contact at different points in the line of action. A ball-on-disc test method was employed by which the pressure and slide to roll ratio of gear contact could be simulated. In order to reach a general conclusion, four different oils and two surface roughness were involved in the experiments. The tribofilm evolution was captured using spacer layer interferometry method, and the correlation of tribofilm with the location at the line of action was studied. Results showed that there is a threshold pressure for the tribofilm formation around which the tribofilm growth rate is maximum. Above this threshold pressure, the tribofilm formation is not stable, and the wear is dominant. Below this threshold pressure, the tribofilm growth rate rises by increasing the pressure and the gear contact is safely protected by a stable tribofilm. Graphic Abstract

scholarly journals Friction and temperature mapping of environmentally acceptable gear oils

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3−4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Bayat ◽  
Arto Lehtovaara
Keyword(s):  
Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Oil Performance ◽  
Small Test ◽  
The Common ◽  
Gear Contact ◽  
Gear Oils ◽  
Temperature Maps ◽  
Ball On Disc

In recent years, environmental issues have raised the demand to protect the environment against the pollution caused by the uncontrolled spillage of lubricating oils. One solution is using Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants (EALs), however, these oils are more expensive than the common mineral oils. The consumers require to test the oil performance using test machines but testing in real machines is costly and time-consuming. Small test machines like ball-on-disc have been previously used for friction mapping and ranking gear oils. In this paper, the friction maps are measured from 0.65 GPa to 1.25 GPa, and temperature maps are devised to experimentally simulate the gear contact along the line of action. Results illustrate that EALs can provide up to 60 % better frictional efficiency that leads to 20 oC cooler oil temperature in high-pressure contacts operating under elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) regime.

STUDY OF THE Cu-Zn-Al MARTENSITE AGING BY INTERNAL FRICTION MEASUREMENTS

1987 ◽  
Vol 48 (C8) ◽  
pp. C8-567-C8-572
Author(s):  
M. MORIN ◽  
M. HAOURIKI ◽  
G. GUENIN
Keyword(s):  
Internal Friction ◽  
Friction Measurements

Microstructure and Friction of Ion Beam Induced Amorphous Ti-Pd Alloys

1985 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
J-P. Hirvonen ◽  
M. Nastasi ◽  
J. R. Phillips ◽  
J. W. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Composition Range ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Amorphous Region ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Solid Solution Region ◽  
Friction Measurements ◽  
Solution Region ◽  
High Equilibrium

ABSTRACTMultilayered samples of Ti-Pd with linearly varying compositions were irradiated by Xe ions at 600 keV. The induced microstructures were studied by using transmission electron microscopy and Rutherford backscattering. Mixing was found to be complete over the entire composition range, resulting in amorphous or amorphous plus crystalline structures except at the palladium-rich end, where a crystalline Pd-Ti solid solution was obtained. This is consistent with the high equilibrium solubility of Ti in Pd. In addition, significant coarsening of the microstructure caused by irradiation was found in this solid solution region.Friction measurements were carried out in air and water by using a polytetrafluoroethylene pin as a counterpart. In air the friction coefficient was independent of composition and microstructure after about 2000 passes. In water, however, after 600 passes the friction coefficient reached a steady-state value with a pronounced minimum over the amorphous region. This property was unchanged throughout the remaining 10000 passes.

Simulating Army-Relevant Spur Gear Contacts with a Ball-on-Disc Tribometer

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Riggs ◽  
Stephen P. Berkebile ◽  
Adrian A. Hood ◽  
Brian D. Dykas
Keyword(s):  
Spur Gear ◽  
Ball On Disc

Effect of Contact Ratio on Spur Gear Dynamic Load With No Tooth Profile Modifications

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuen-Huei Liou ◽  
Hsiang Hsi Lin ◽  
F. B. Oswald ◽  
D. P. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Load ◽  
Spur Gear ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Contact Ratio ◽  
Gear Dynamics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gear Contact ◽  
Center Distance ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Better Than

This paper presents a computer simulation showing how the gear contact ratio affects the dynamic load on a spur gear transmission. The contact ratio can be affected by the tooth addendum, the pressure angle, the tooth size (diametral pitch), and the center distance. The analysis presented in this paper was performed by using the NASA gear dynamics code DANST. In the analysis, the contact ratio was varied over the range 1.20 to 2.40 by changing the length of the tooth addendum. In order to simplify the analysis, other parameters related to contact ratio were held constant. The contact ratio was found to have a significant influence on gear dynamics. Over a wide range of operating speeds, a contact ratio close to 2.0 minimized dynamic load. For low-contact-ratio gears (contact ratio less than two), increasing the contact ratio reduced gear dynamic load. For high-contact-ratio gears (contact ratio equal to or greater than 2.0), the selection of contact ratio should take into consideration the intended operating speeds. In general, high-contact-ratio gears minimized dynamic load better than low-contact-ratio gears.

Based on ANSYS Planetary Gear Ransmission Design Analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 314-316 ◽  
pp. 1218-1221
Author(s):  
Hao Min Huang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Contact Stress ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Design Analysis ◽  
Ansys Software ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Planet Gear ◽  
Gear Contact ◽  
Transmission Gear

Conventional methods of design to be completed ordinary hydraulic transmission gear gearbox design, but for such a non-planet-rule entity, and the deformation of the planet-gear contact stress will have a great impact on the planet gear, it will be very difficult According to conventional design. In this paper, ANSYS software to the situation finite element analysis, the planetary gear to simulate modeling study.

scholarly journals Mono-dispersed Ag nanoparticles decorated graphitic carbon nitride: An excellent lubricating additive as PPESK composite film

Friction ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beibei Chen ◽  
Mengjie Zhang ◽  
Kan Zhang ◽  
Zhe Dong ◽  
Jiaye Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Film ◽  
Ag Nanoparticles ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Graphitic Carbon ◽  
Graphitic Carbon Nitride ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Theoretical Simulation ◽  
Heavy Loads ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Ball On Disc

AbstractStudies show that two dimensional (2D) nanomaterial and its hybrid have a great promise in tribology for the special laminar microstructure. However, the majority of performed investigations about 2D graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets are most focused on energy storage, catalysis, adsorption, rarely tribology. In the present study, g-C3N4 supporting mono-dispersed Ag nanoparticle hybrid (g-C3N4/Ag) is prepared, and its microstructure and chemical composition are determined. More specifically, the tribological performance as the lubricating additive of poly phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone (PPESK) composite is investigated using the ball-on-disc friction tester. Moreover, the corresponding enhancement mechanism is well proposed based on the experimental analysis and theoretical simulation. Obtained results show that Ag nanoparticles with a size of about 10–20 nm are homogeneously anchored on g-C3N4 nanosheets, favoring for good compatibility between g-C3N4/Ag and PPESK. It is found that when 0.3 wt% of g-C3N4/Ag is added to PPESK, the friction coefficient and wear rate of PPESK decrease by 68.9% and 97.1%, respectively. These reductions are mainly attributed to the synergistic self-lubricating effect of Ag nanoparticles and g-C3N4 nanosheet, the formation of transfer film, as well as the limited effect of g-C3N4/Ag on the shear deformation of PPESK composite film. Furthermore, it is found that the proposed g-C3N4/Ag-PPESK composite still keeps reasonable friction-reducing and wear-resistant properties under heavy loads and high rotating speeds. The present study demonstrates that the proposed g-C3N4/Ag hybrid is an excellent lubricating additive for polymer composites.

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