Evaluating the effects of cyclosporine a immunosuppression on mycobacterial infection by inhaling of cyclosporine a administrated BALB/c mice with live Bacillus Calmette Guérin

AbstractChildren, especially neonates and young infants, are uniquely vulnerable to tuberculosis (TB) and frequently present with primary progressive pulmonary or disseminated disease. There is an urgent need to understand the unique immunobiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in young infants and to identify protective infant immune responses. The existing vaccine against TB, Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin (M. bovis BCG), provides a partial protection against TB disease and disseminated forms of TB in infants; however, it is unknown how this partial protection is mediated. To end pediatric TB morbidity and mortality, a fully efficacious next-generation TB-vaccine is needed. Here, we focus on our current understanding of TB immunobiology as it pertains to young infants, and we evaluate what BCG-vaccination, as well as recently trialed novel TB-vaccines, has taught us about the immunobiology of mycobacterial infection in this population.

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A Rare Case of Granulomatous Pneumonitis Due to Intravesical BCG for Bladder Cancer

Acta Médica Portuguesa ◽

10.20344/amp.10250 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 316 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Vera Clérigo ◽

Ana Castro ◽

Teresa Mourato ◽

Conceição Gomes

Keyword(s):

Unusual Case ◽

Rare Complication ◽

Miliary Tuberculosis ◽

Specific Treatment ◽

Mycobacterial Infection ◽

Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽

Intravesical Administration ◽

Intravesical Bcg ◽

Specific Symptoms ◽

Primary Presentation

Granulomatous pneumonitis is a rare complication of bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy following intravesical administration of bacillus Calmette-Guerin. The authors present an unusual case of a 67-year-old man who developed mild and non-specific symptoms, following intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillations. Examinations revealed features of miliary tuberculosis and granuloma suggestive of mycobacterial infection. Anti-tuberculosis treatment resulted in a remarkable improvement in his symptoms and gradually upgrading of radiological appearance. The symptoms were less severe than some others described but this case provides evidence that, even in some cases, specific treatment may be necessary. We highlight the importance of recognizing miliary Mycobacterium bovis as a probable complication of bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy. The clinical disease course can be mild, despite extensive bilateral miliary nodules on primary presentation.

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Involvement of ABC-transporters and acyltransferase 1 in intracellular cholesterol-mediated autophagy in bovine alveolar macrophages in response to the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG) infection

10.21203/rs.2.14164/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jinrui Xu ◽

Yanbing Zhou ◽

Yi Yang ◽

Cuiping Lv ◽

Xiaoming Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abc Transporters ◽

Alveolar Macrophages ◽

Present Report ◽

Mycobacterial Infection ◽

Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Regulated Expression ◽

Intracellular Cholesterol ◽

Insight Into

Abstract Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M. tuberculosis, Mtb ) is the pathogen causing human Tuberculosis (TB). Mycobacterium bovis ( M. bovis ) infection is the cause of bovine TB, which occasionally infects other species of mammals including humans and wildlife, a main reason of the difficulty to eradicate TB around the world. Recent studies in immunometabolism demonstrated that host cholesterol levels have implications in the establishment of Mtb infection, which lead to the development of host-directed therapy (HDT) strategies for treatment of TB. Methods: In the present report, the involvements of ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABC-transporters)- and cholesterol acyltransferase1 (ACAT1)-mediated intracellular cholesterol in autophagy of bovine macrophages induced by Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) were interrogated by enzymatic and biochemistry assays i n vitro, including quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting. Results: The results showed that a down-regulated expression of the ABC-transporters and ACAT1 in primary bovine alveolar macrophages (AMs) and murine RAW264.7 cells in response to the BCG infection. The inhibited expression of ABC-transporters and ACAT1 was associated with the reduction of intracellular free cholesterol, which in turn induced autophagy in macrophages upon to the Mycobacterial infection. These results strongly suggest an involvement of ABC-transporters and ACAT1 in intracellular cholesterol-mediated autophagy in macrophages in response to Mycobacterial infections. Conclusion: This study thus provides an insight into mechanism of immunometabolism of macrophages in response to the Mtb infection, and informative data for development of HDT in TB treatments.

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Cholesterol is accumulated by mycobacteria but its degradation is limited to non-pathogenic fast-growing mycobacteria

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/w00-060 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 46 (9) ◽

pp. 826-831 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Yossef Av-Gay ◽

Rafat Sobouti

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Carbon Source ◽

Sole Carbon Source ◽

Mycobacterial Infection ◽

Growth Media ◽

Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽

Liquid Media ◽

Fast Growing ◽

Solid Media ◽

Slow Growing

In this report we show that fast-growing non-pathogenic mycobacteria degrade cholesterol from liquid media, and are able to grow on cholesterol as a sole carbon source. In contrast, slow-growing mycobacteria, including pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis and bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), do not degrade and use cholesterol as a carbon source. Nevertheless, pathogenic mycobacteria are able to uptake, modify, and accumulate cholesterol from liquid growth media, and form a zone of clearance around a colony when plated on solid media containing cholesterol. These data suggest that cholesterol may have a role in mycobacterial infection other than its use as carbon source.Key words: mycobacteria, cholesterol, biodegradation.

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Fatal Disseminated Mycobacterial Infection Following Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin

The Journal of Urology ◽

10.1016/s0022-5347(17)39732-x ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 144 (6) ◽

pp. 1331-1333 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

Robert L. Deresiewicz ◽

Richard M. Stone ◽

Jon C. Aster

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterial Infection ◽

Bacillus Calmette Guerin

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<i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> BCG osteoarticular infection complicating immune therapy for bladder cancer: a case report

Journal of Bone and Joint Infection ◽

10.5194/jbji-6-107-2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 107-110

Author(s):

Rebecca Stern ◽

Clay Roscoe ◽

Elizabeth A. Misch

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Bladder Cancer ◽

Mycobacterium Bovis ◽

Rare Complication ◽

Immune Therapy ◽

Joint Infection ◽

Mycobacterial Infection ◽

Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽

Osteoarticular Infection ◽

Prosthetic Joint

Abstract. Osteoarticular infection with Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) is a rare complication of bladder cancer treatment with intravesical Bacillus Calmette–Guèrin (BCG). We describe a case of disseminated Mycobacterium bovis BCG infection masquerading as a chronic prosthetic joint infection in a patient with several risk factors for progressive mycobacterial infection.

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DNA vaccination boosts Bacillus Calmette–Guérin protection against mycobacterial infection in zebrafish

Developmental & Comparative Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.dci.2015.09.001 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 89-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Kaisa E. Oksanen ◽

Henna Myllymäki ◽

Maarit J. Ahava ◽

Leena Mäkinen ◽

Mataleena Parikka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterial Infection ◽

Dna Vaccination ◽

Bacillus Calmette Guerin

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Complications of Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin

Canadian Urological Association Journal ◽

10.5489/cuaj.1411 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (7-8) ◽

pp. 540 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Liam C Macleod ◽

Tin C Ngo ◽

Mark L Gonzalgo

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterial Infection ◽

Bacillus Calmette Guerin ◽

Urinary Frequency ◽

Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽

Intravesical Bcg ◽

Favourable Safety ◽

Proven Efficacy ◽

Favourable Safety Profile ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Muscle Invasive

Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is an important treatment for the management of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer because of its proven efficacy and favourable safety profile. The most common complications associated with BCG treatment are relatively minor. They include urinary frequency, cystitis, fever, and hematuria. Although serious complications are rare, patients can develop severe, life-threatening sepsis with disseminated mycobacterial infection. We report a rare case of periurethral diverticulum formation after intravesical BCG and review the literature on the potential complications of this treatment modality.

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