Quantifying the relationship between land parcel design attributes and intra-urban surface heat island effect via the estimated sensible heat flux

The surface heat budgets of various pavement surfaces are studied with the aim of mitigating the urban heat island effect. In this study, the thermal characteristics of pavements are examined using data from observations. The net radiation, surface temperature, temperature under the surface, conduction heat flux, and core weight for each experimental surface are recorded, together with the weather conditions at the time of observation. The latent heat flux is estimated from the observed weight of the cores. The surface heat budget under the same weather conditions is examined, and the sensible heat flux from each target surface is calculated. The parameters that influence the surface heat budget, for example, solar reflectance (albedo), evaporative efficiency, heat conductivity, and heat capacity, are examined. On a typical summer day, the maximum reduction in the sensible heat flux from that on a normal asphalt surface is about 150 W/m2for an asphalt surface with water-retaining material and about 100 W/m2for a cement concrete surface with water-retaining material, depending on the albedo of each surface.

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The relationship between Indian monsoon precipitation along the Qinghai–Tibet Highway and differences in sensible heat flux

Hydrological Processes ◽

10.1002/hyp.6241 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 379-386 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. Wen ◽

T. Yao ◽

D. Li ◽

L. Tian ◽

W. Ma

Keyword(s):

Heat Flux ◽

Indian Monsoon ◽

Sensible Heat Flux ◽

Sensible Heat ◽

Monsoon Precipitation ◽

The Relationship

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Characteristics of Long-term Surface Heat Source and Its Climate Influence Factors in Central Tibetan Plateau

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-6903 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zeyong Hu ◽

Xiaoqiang Yan

Keyword(s):

Heat Flux ◽

Heat Source ◽

Latent Heat ◽

Latent Heat Flux ◽

Sensible Heat Flux ◽

Surface Heat ◽

Sensible Heat ◽

Net Radiation ◽

Maximum Value

<p>Based on multi-level AWS data during 2001 to 2015 and eddy covariance data during 2011 to 2014 at Nagqu Station of Plateau Climate and Environment, the turbulent fluxes were calculated by a surface energy balance combination (CM) and eddy covariance ( EC) method. A long-term heat fluxes and surface heat source were obtained with comparison and correction of EC and CM fluxes. The surface energy closure ratio is close to 1 in spring, summer and autumn. But it reaches to 1.34 in winter due to low net radiation observation value on snow surface. The sensible heat flux shows a ascend trend while latent heat flux shows a descend trend during 2002 to 2015. The surface heat source shows a descend trend. The analysis of the surface heat source indicates that it has a significant relationship with net radiation flux, surface temperature, soil moisture and wind speed. Particularly, the surface heat source has a significant response to net radiation flux throughout the year. There are obvious influences of surface temperature and soil moisture on the surface heat source in spring, autumn and winter. And the influence of wind speeds on surface heat source is strong only in spring. The annual variation of sensible heat flux and latent heat flux are obvious. Sensible heat flux reaches the maximum value of the year in April and the minimum value in July. however, latent heat flux shows the maximum value in July and the minimum value in January.&#160;</p>

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Energy Balance Calculations for the Ablation Period 1982 at Vernagtferner. Oetztal Alps

Annals of Glaciology ◽

10.3189/1985aog6-1-158-160 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 158-160 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Heidi Escher-Vetter

Keyword(s):

Heat Flux ◽

Energy Balance ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Sensible Heat Flux ◽

Longwave Radiation ◽

Radiation Balance ◽

Sensible Heat ◽

The Individual ◽

The Relationship ◽

Climatic Pattern

In this paper, some features of energy balance terms will be discussed in respect to the melting capacity available at the surface of Vernagtferner in the Oetztal Alps. The climatic pattern of summer 1982 is described, then the method of calculating individual terms (shortwave and longwave radiation balance, sensible and latent heat flux) from records of radiation, air temperature, humidity and wind. The results of these calculations are discussed for ice, firn and snow areas of the glacier. In particular the relationship between the four terms is shown for 15 July 1982, the day with highest meltwater production in 1982. These values are then compared with the maximum values of the individual terms, showing that the highest meltwater production is caused by the combination of quite high values of the individual terms, but not of the absolutely highest ones. The importance of sensible heat flux for meltwater production in 1982 is discussed: comparison between meltwater production for the whole summer and measured runoff shows reasonable accordance.

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Urban signals in high-resolution weather and climate simulations: role of urban land-surface characterisation

Theoretical and Applied Climatology ◽

10.1007/s00704-020-03294-1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (1-2) ◽

pp. 701-728

Author(s):

Denise Hertwig ◽

Sue Grimmond ◽

Margaret A. Hendry ◽

Beth Saunders ◽

Zhengda Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Flux ◽

Land Cover ◽

Sensible Heat Flux ◽

Urban Land ◽

Heat Fluxes ◽

Anthropogenic Heat ◽

Urban Surface ◽

City Centre ◽

Sensible Heat ◽

Climate Simulations

Abstract Two urban schemes within the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) are evaluated offline against multi-year flux observations in the densely built-up city centre of London and in suburban Swindon (UK): (i) the 1-tile slab model, used in climate simulations; (ii) the 2-tile canopy model MORUSES (Met Office–Reading Urban Surface Exchange Scheme), used for numerical weather prediction over the UK. Offline, both models perform better at the suburban site, where differences between the urban schemes are less pronounced due to larger vegetation fractions. At both sites, the outgoing short- and longwave radiation is more accurately represented than the turbulent heat fluxes. The seasonal variations of model skill are large in London, where the sensible heat flux in autumn and winter is strongly under-predicted if the large city centre magnitudes of anthropogenic heat emissions are not represented. The delayed timing of the sensible heat flux in the 1-tile model in London results in large negative bias in the morning. The partitioning of the urban surface into canyon and roof in MORUSES improves this as the roof tile is modelled with a very low thermal inertia, but phase and amplitude of the grid box-averaged flux critically depend on accurate knowledge of the plan-area fractions of streets and buildings. Not representing non-urban land cover (e.g. vegetation, inland water) in London results in severely under-predicted latent heat fluxes. Control runs demonstrate that the skill of both models can be greatly improved by providing accurate land cover and morphology information and using representative anthropogenic heat emissions, which is essential if the model output is intended to inform integrated urban services.

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The progress on the observation and modeling of surface heat fluxes and evapotranspiration over heterogeneous landscapes of the Third Pole region

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-1687 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yaoming Ma

Keyword(s):

Heat Flux ◽

Latent Heat Flux ◽

Land Surface ◽

Sensible Heat Flux ◽

Surface Heat ◽

Heat Fluxes ◽

Sensible Heat ◽

Surface Heat Fluxes ◽

The Third ◽

Land Surface Heat Fluxes

<p>The exchange of heat and water vapor between land surface and atmosphere over the Third Pole region (Tibetan Plateau and nearby surrounding region) plays an important role in Asian monsoon, westerlies and the northern hemisphere weather and climate systems. Supported by various agencies in the People&#8217;s Republic of China, a Third Pole Environment (TPE) observation and research Platform (TPEORP) is now implementing over the Third Pole region. The background of the establishment of the TPEORP, the establishing and monitoring plan of long-term scale (5-10 years) of it will be shown firstly. Then the preliminary observational analysis results, such as the characteristics of land surface energy fluxes partitioning and the turbulent characteristics will also been shown in this study. Then, the parameterization methodology based on satellite data and the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) observations has been proposed and tested for deriving regional distribution of net radiation flux, soil heat flux, sensible heat flux and latent heat flux (evapotranspiration (ET)) and their variation trends over the heterogeneous landscape of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) area. To validate the proposed methodology, the ground measured net radiation flux, soil heat flux, sensible heat flux and latent heat flux of the TPEORP are compared to the derived values. The results showed that the derived land surface heat fluxes over the study areas are in good accordance with the land surface status. These parameters show a wide range due to the strong contrast of surface feature. And the estimated land surface heat fluxes are in good agreement with ground measurements, and all the absolute percent difference in less than 10% in the validation sites. The sensible heat flux has increased slightly and the latent heat flux has decreased from 2001 to 2016 over the TP. It is therefore conclude that the proposed methodology is successful for the retrieval of land surface heat fluxes and ET over heterogeneous landscape of the TP area. Further improvement of the methodology and its applying field over the whole Third Pole region and Pan-Third Pole region were also discussed.</p>

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Reduction Effects of Urban Heat Island by Water-Retentive Pavement

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.724.147 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 724 ◽

pp. 147-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ree Ho Kim ◽

Jong Bin Park ◽

Jung Soo Mun ◽

Jung Hun Lee

Keyword(s):

Surface Temperature ◽

Urban Heat Island ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Asphalt Pavement ◽

Sensible Heat Flux ◽

Heat Island ◽

Sensible Heat ◽

Summer Period ◽

Island Effect ◽

Urban Heat

Recently, increasing of impervious surface as concrete or asphalt pavement with urban development brought increasing of air temperature in city. So many researchers have explored ways to reduce the urban heat island effect and water-retentive or water absorbing pavements have been found to be very effective. In this study, to evaluate the reduction effects of urban heat reduction of water-retentive pavement, surface temperature of pavement, air temperature, wind speed and albedo were measured for 3 years (2008~2010, summer period). And the intensity of sensible heat flux was calculated to estimate a influence on air temperature. Experimental results indicated that water-retentive was effective to reduction of air temperature by decreasing of surface temperature of pavement compare to other pavements. This is showed that water-retentive pavement can be contributed to mitigation of urban heat island.

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Estimation of Land Surface Heat Fluxes Based on Landsat 7 ETM+ Data and Field Measurements over the Northern Tibetan Plateau

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs11242899 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (24) ◽

pp. 2899

Author(s):

Nan Ge ◽

Lei Zhong ◽

Yaoming Ma ◽

Meilin Cheng ◽

Xian Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Flux ◽

Latent Heat ◽

Latent Heat Flux ◽

Land Surface ◽

Sensible Heat Flux ◽

Surface Heat ◽

Heat Fluxes ◽

Sensible Heat ◽

Surface Heat Fluxes ◽

Land Surface Heat Fluxes

Land surface heat fluxes consist of the net radiation flux, soil heat flux, sensible heat flux, and latent heat flux. The estimation of these fluxes is essential to the study of energy transfer in land–atmosphere systems. In this paper, Landsat 7 ETM+ SLC-on data were applied to estimate the land surface heat fluxes on the northern Tibetan Plateau using the SEBS (surface energy balance system) model, in combination with the calculation of field measurements at CAMP/Tibet (Coordinated Enhanced Observing Period (CEOP) Asia–Australia Monsoon Project on the Tibetan Plateau) automatic weather stations based on the combinatory method (CM) for comparison. The root mean square errors between the satellite estimations and the CM calculations for the net radiation flux, soil heat flux, sensible heat flux, and latent heat flux were 49.2 W/m2, 46.3 W/m2, 68.2 W/m2, and 54.9 W/m2, respectively. The results reveal that land surface heat fluxes all present significant seasonal variability. Apart from the sensible heat flux, the satellite-estimated net radiation flux, soil heat flux, and latent heat flux exhibited a trend of summer > spring > autumn > winter. In summer, spring, autumn, and winter, respectively, the median values of the net radiation flux (631.8 W/m2, 583.0 W/m2, 404.4 W/m2, 314.3 W/m2), soil heat flux (40.9 W/m2, 37.9 W/m2, 26.1 W/m2, 20.5 W/m2), sensible heat flux (252.7 W/m2, 219.5 W/m2, 221.4 W/m2, 204.8 W/m2), and latent heat flux (320.1 W/m2, 298.3 W/m2, 142.3 W/m2, 75.5 W/m2) exhibited distinct seasonal diversity. From November to April, the in situ sensible heat flux is higher than the latent heat flux; the opposite is true between June and September, leaving May and October as transitional months. For water bodies, alpine meadows and other main underlying surface types, sensible and latent heat flux generally present contrasting and complementary spatial distributions. Due to the 15–60 m resolution of the Landsat 7 ETM+ data, the distribution of land surface heat fluxes can be used as an indicator of complex underlying surface types over the northern Tibetan Plateau.

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Heat island mitigation using water retentive pavement sprinkled with reclaimed wastewater

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2008.187 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 57 (5) ◽

pp. 763-771 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

H. Yamagata ◽

M. Nasu ◽

M. Yoshizawa ◽

A. Miyamoto ◽

M. Minamiyama

Keyword(s):

Heat Flux ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Sensible Heat Flux ◽

Heat Island ◽

Temperature Decrease ◽

Sensible Heat ◽

Reclaimed Wastewater ◽

Wet Bulb Globe Temperature ◽

The Road ◽

Globe Temperature

In Japan, reclaimed wastewater has been recycled widely for non-potable urban applications and it is to be used for sprinkling roads to mitigate heat island in urban areas. To assess the heat island mitigation effects of the sprinkling reclaimed wastewater on water retentive pavement, we carried out a survey at Shiodome-District, Tokyo. The temperatures of air and roads, humidity, and WBGT (Wet-bulb globe temperature) were measured and heat flux was estimated to compare the condition of the areas with/without sprinkling. The following results were obtained. 1) Sprinkling reclaimed wastewater decreased the road surface temperature by 8 degrees during the daytime and by 3 degrees at night: temperatures equal to those on planting zones. Nevertheless sprinkling was done only in the daytime, the temperature decrease effect was not only obtained during the daytime: it continued through the night, due to the water retentive pavement. 2) Sprinkling reclaimed wastewater reduced the amount of sensible heat flux and increased that of latent heat flux. These results suggest that sprinkling reclaimed wastewater on water retentive pavement can effectively mitigate the heat island phenomenon.

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