The application of new techniques to the improved detection of persistently infected cattle after vaccination and contact exposure to foot-and-mouth disease

Vaccine ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (44) ◽  
pp. 5186-5195 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Parida ◽  
S.J. Cox ◽  
S.M. Reid ◽  
P. Hamblin ◽  
P.V. Barnett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Persistently Infected ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Contact Exposure

scholarly journals Bovine Serum Panel for Evaluating Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Nonstructural Protein Antibody Tests

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satya Parida ◽  
Lucy Fleming ◽  
Debi Gibson ◽  
Pip A. Hamblin ◽  
Santina Grazioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
Nonstructural Proteins ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Contact Exposure ◽  
Antibody Tests

A panel of 36 sera has been assembled from experimental cattle that had been infected by inoculation or contact exposure with 4 serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) with or without prior vaccination. Virus replication and persistence had been characterized in all of the animals. The proportion of the sera scored positive by 5 tests for antibodies to the nonstructural proteins of FMDV varied, suggesting that the panel can discriminate between the sensitivity with which such tests are able to identify infected cattle. Use of this panel will help in assessment of new tests and quality control of existing methods.

scholarly journals Transmission of Foot-and-Mouth Disease from Persistently Infected Carrier Cattle to Naive Cattle via Transfer of Oropharyngeal Fluid

mSphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Arzt ◽  
Graham J. Belsham ◽  
Louise Lohse ◽  
Anette Bøtner ◽  
Carolina Stenfeldt
Keyword(s):  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Persistently Infected ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Risk Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Epidemiological Significance

ABSTRACTControl and eradication of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) are impeded by the existence of a persistent, subclinical phase of infection in ruminants; animals with this status are referred to as carriers. However, the epidemiological significance of these FMD virus (FMDV) carriers is uncertain. In the current investigation, the contagion associated with FMDV carrier cattle was investigated by exposure of susceptible cattle and pigs to oropharyngeal fluid (OPF) samples or tissues harvested from persistently infected cattle. Naive cattle were inoculated through intranasopharyngeal deposition of unprocessed OPF samples that had been collected from FMDV carriers at 30 days postinfection. These inoculated cattle developed clinical FMD, and the severity of disease they developed was similar to that of animals that had been infected with a high-titer inoculum. In contrast, pigs exposed via intraoropharyngeal inoculation of the same OPF samples or via ingestion of nasopharyngeal tissues harvested from the same cohort of persistently infected cattle did not develop FMD. These findings indicate that there is demonstrable contagion associated with FMDV carrier cattle despite the lack of evidence for transmission by direct contact. The findings presented herein provide novel information that should be considered for FMD risk mitigation strategies.IMPORTANCEFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a viral disease of livestock with substantial impact on agricultural production and subsistence farming on a global scale. Control of FMD is impeded by the existence of a prolonged asymptomatic carrier phase during which infected cattle shed low quantities of infectious virus in oropharyngeal fluid (OPF) for months to years after infection. The epidemiological significance of FMD virus (FMDV) carriers is unresolved. However, the existence of the FMDV carrier state has substantial impact on international trade in animal products. The current investigation demonstrated that transfer of OPF from persistently infected FMDV carrier cattle to naive cattle led to fulminant clinical FMD. It was thus demonstrated that, although the risk for disease transmission under natural conditions is considered to be low, there is detectable contagion associated with FMDV carrier cattle. This finding is important for optimization of FMD risk mitigation strategies.

scholarly journals Early Detection of Foot-And-Mouth Disease Virus from Infected Cattle Using A Dry Filter Air Sampling System

2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 564-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Pacheco ◽  
B. Brito ◽  
E. Hartwig ◽  
G. R. Smoliga ◽  
A. Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Detection ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Air Sampling ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

scholarly journals Genetic and antigenic variation of foot-and-mouth disease virus during persistent infection in naturally infected cattle and Asian buffalo in India

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. e0214832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitendra K. Biswal ◽  
Rajeev Ranjan ◽  
Saravanan Subramaniam ◽  
Jajati K. Mohapatra ◽  
Sanjay Patidar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Persistent Infection ◽  
Antigenic Variation ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

scholarly journals Identification of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus-Specific Linear B-Cell Epitopes To Differentiate between Infected and Vaccinated Cattle

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (16) ◽  
pp. 8633-8639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina-Judith Höhlich ◽  
Karl-Heinz Wiesmüller ◽  
Tobias Schlapp ◽  
Bernd Haas ◽  
Eberhard Pfaff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Infected Cattle ◽  
B Cell Epitopes ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Fmdv Strain ◽  
Linear B

ABSTRACT Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals. For several years, vaccination of animals, which had proven to be successful for the eradication of the disease, has been forbidden in the United States and the European Community because of the difficulty of differentiating between vaccinated and infected animals. In this study, detailed investigations of the bovine humoral immune response against FMD virus (FMDV) were performed with the aim of identifying viral epitopes recognized specifically by sera derived from FMDV-infected animals. The use of overlapping 15-mer synthetic peptides, covering the whole open reading frame of FMDV strain O1K in a peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, allowed the identification of 12 FMDV strain O1K-specific linear B-cell epitopes. Six of these linear B-cell epitopes, located in the nonstructural proteins, were used in further assays to compare the reactivities of sera from vaccinated and infected cattle. Antibodies recognizing these peptides could be detected only in sera derived from infected cattle. In further experiments, the reactivity of the six peptides with sera from animals infected with different strains of FMDV was tested, and strain-independent infection-specific epitopes were identified. Thus, these results clearly demonstrate the ability of a simple peptide-based assay to discriminate between infected and conventionally FMD-vaccinated animals.

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