Young and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes have optimal B cell responses to the seasonal influenza vaccine

Willingness of patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to receive the seasonal influenza vaccine is low in China. A cross-sectional study on a representative sample of T2DM patients was conducted in Ningbo, a city in southeast China, to assess T2DM patients’ willingness to be vaccinated against influenza and identify the influence factors of this willingness. Data regarding the participant’s history of influenza, the knowledge, willingness and uptake of the influenza vaccine, demographic characteristics, reasons for willingness or unwillingness to be vaccinated was collected. Only 19.55% of a total of 1749 participants reported a willingness to be vaccinated. Factors positively associated with willingness to be vaccinated were perceived susceptibility to influenza (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.5–2.5), awareness of the vaccine (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.3–2.3) and previous history of influenza vaccination (OR = 4.4, 95% CI: 3.0–6.4). Patients with T2DM who were farmers (OR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4–0.8) and those managed by contracted family doctors (OR = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.6–1.0) expressed less willingness to be vaccinated. Targeted interventions such as enhancing health education and strengthening medical staff training should be conducted to increase T2DM patients’ willingness to be vaccinated and enhance influenza vaccine uptake among this population.

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity decreases B cell responses to the influenza vaccine

Vaccine ◽

10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.01.071 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (12) ◽

pp. 1433-1439 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Daniela Frasca ◽

Alain Diaz ◽

Maria Romero ◽

Ana Marie Landin ◽

Bonnie B. Blomberg

Keyword(s):

Influenza Vaccine ◽

B Cell ◽

Cell Responses ◽

B Cell Responses

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Primate B-1 Cells Generate Antigen-Specific B Cell Responses to T Cell–Independent Type 2 Antigens

The Journal of Immunology ◽

10.4049/jimmunol.1203058 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 190 (7) ◽

pp. 3100-3108 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Rama D. Yammani ◽

Karen M. Haas

Keyword(s):

T Cell ◽

B Cell ◽

Cell Responses ◽

B Cell Responses

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H5N1 Vaccine-Specific B Cell Responses in Ferrets Primed with Live Attenuated Seasonal Influenza Vaccines

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0004436 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. e4436 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Xing Cheng ◽

Michael Eisenbraun ◽

Qi Xu ◽

Helen Zhou ◽

Deepali Kulkarni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

B Cell ◽

Seasonal Influenza ◽

Influenza Vaccines ◽

Cell Responses ◽

B Cell Responses ◽

H5n1 Vaccine

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Delta Inulin Adjuvant Enhances Plasmablast Generation, Expression of Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase and B-Cell Affinity Maturation in Human Subjects Receiving Seasonal Influenza Vaccine

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0132003 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. e0132003 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Lei Li ◽

Yoshikazu Honda-Okubo ◽

Connie Li ◽

Dimitar Sajkov ◽

Nikolai Petrovsky

Keyword(s):

Influenza Vaccine ◽

B Cell ◽

Seasonal Influenza ◽

Cytidine Deaminase ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Affinity Maturation ◽

Seasonal Influenza Vaccine ◽

Activation Induced Cytidine Deaminase ◽

Cell Affinity

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Targeting B cell responses in universal influenza vaccine design

Trends in Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.it.2011.08.007 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 32 (11) ◽

pp. 524-531 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Kaval Kaur ◽

Meghan Sullivan ◽

Patrick C. Wilson

Keyword(s):

Influenza Vaccine ◽

B Cell ◽

Vaccine Design ◽

Cell Responses ◽

B Cell Responses ◽

Universal Influenza Vaccine

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Metformin Enhances B Cell Function and Antibody Responses of Elderly Individuals With Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

Frontiers in Aging ◽

10.3389/fragi.2021.715981 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

Daniela Frasca ◽

Alain Diaz ◽

Maria Romero ◽

Bonnie B. Blomberg

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

B Cells ◽

Influenza Vaccine ◽

B Cell ◽

Cell Function ◽

Antibody Responses ◽

B Cell Function

Our previous work has shown that young and elderly patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) treated with Metformin have optimal B cell function and serum antibodies specific for the seasonal influenza vaccine. In this paper, we have evaluated B cell function and the metabolic requirements of B cell antibody responses in elderly T2DM patients (ET2DM) taking or not Metformin, and compared to those of healthy elderly (EH) and healthy young (YH) individuals. Results show that Metformin significantly increases in vivo B cell function, measured by influenza vaccine-specific serum antibodies, in ET2DM patients to the levels observed in EH and more importantly in YH individuals. Metformin also decreases the frequencies of pro-inflammatory B cell subsets, as well as intrinsic inflammation and metabolic requirements of peripheral B cells from ET2DM. This hyper-metabolic phenotype of B cells from ET2DM is needed to support intrinsic inflammation, measured by the expression of transcripts for markers of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and the secretion of autoimmune antibodies. Importantly, B cell function in ET2DM patients taking Metformin is not only increased as compared to that in ET2DM patients not taking Metformin, but is comparable to B cell function measured in YH individuals. These results altogether strongly support the anti-aging effects of Metformin on humoral immunity.

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Squalene-Based Influenza Vaccine Adjuvants and Their Impact on the Hemagglutinin-Specific B Cell Response

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10030355 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 355

Author(s):

Phuong Nguyen-Contant ◽

Mark Y. Sangster ◽

David J. Topham

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Influenza Vaccine ◽

B Cell ◽

Rational Design ◽

Influenza Vaccines ◽

Vaccine Adjuvants ◽

Design And Optimization ◽

Cell Responses ◽

Influenza Hemagglutinin ◽

B Cell Responses

Influenza infections continue to cause significant annual morbidity and mortality despite ongoing influenza vaccine research. Adjuvants are administered in conjunction with influenza vaccines to enhance the immune response and strengthen protection against disease. Squalene-based emulsion adjuvants including MF59, AS03, and AF03, are registered for administration with influenza vaccines and are widely used in many countries. Squalene-based emulsion adjuvants induce a strong innate immune response, enhancing antigen presentation both quantitively and qualitatively to generate strong B cell responses and antibody production. They also diversify the reactivity profiles and strengthen the affinities of antibodies against the influenza hemagglutinin, increasing protection across virus clades. In this review, we consider the mechanisms of the enhancement of innate and adaptive immune responses by squalene-based emulsionSE adjuvants and the resulting increase in magnitude and breadth of hemagglutinin-specific B cell responses. We relate observed effects of SE adjuvants and current mechanistic understandings to events in responding lymph nodes. These insights will guide the rational design and optimization of influenza vaccines to provide broad and effective protection.

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