scholarly journals Evaluation of BioThrax® and AV7909 anthrax vaccines in adults 66 years of age or older

Vaccine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (50) ◽  
pp. 7970-7976
Author(s):  
Daniel N. Wolfe ◽  
Eric M. Espeland ◽  
Yonghong Gao ◽  
Di Lu ◽  
Gretta Blatner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthrax Vaccines

scholarly journals Efficacy of a Vaccine Based on Protective Antigen and Killed Spores against Experimental Inhalational Anthrax

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 1197-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves P. Gauthier ◽  
Jean-Nicolas Tournier ◽  
Jean-Charles Paucod ◽  
Jean-Philippe Corre ◽  
Michèle Mock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
Protective Antigen ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Cutaneous Anthrax ◽  
Anthrax Vaccines ◽  
Mucosal Secretions ◽  
Highly Virulent ◽  
Lethal Doses

ABSTRACTProtective antigen (PA)-based anthrax vaccines acting on toxins are less effective than live attenuated vaccines, suggesting that additional antigens may contribute to protective immunity. Several reports indicate that capsule or spore-associated antigens may enhance the protection afforded by PA. Addition of formaldehyde-inactivated spores (FIS) to PA (PA-FIS) elicits total protection against cutaneous anthrax. Nevertheless, vaccines that are effective against cutaneous anthrax may not be so against inhalational anthrax. The aim of this work was to optimize immunization with PA-FIS and to assess vaccine efficacy against inhalational anthrax. We assessed the immune response to recombinant anthrax PA fromBacillus anthracis(rPA)-FIS administered by various immunization protocols and the protection provided to mice and guinea pigs infected through the respiratory route with spores of a virulent strain ofB. anthracis. Combined subcutaneous plus intranasal immunization of mice yielded a mucosal immunoglobulin G response to rPA that was more than 20 times higher than that in lung mucosal secretions after subcutaneous vaccination. The titers of toxin-neutralizing antibody and antispore antibody were also significantly higher: nine and eight times higher, respectively. The optimized immunization elicited total protection of mice intranasally infected with the virulentB. anthracisstrain 17JB. Guinea pigs were fully protected, both against an intranasal challenge with 100 50% lethal doses (LD50) and against an aerosol with 75 LD50of spores of the highly virulent strain 9602. Conversely, immunization with PA alone did not elicit protection. These results demonstrate that the association of PA and spores is very much more effective than PA alone against experimental inhalational anthrax.

scholarly journals Protective-antigen (PA) based anthrax vaccines confer protection against inhalation anthrax by precluding the establishment of a systemic infection

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1841-1848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tod J Merkel ◽  
Pin-Yu Perera ◽  
Gloria M Lee ◽  
Anita Verma ◽  
Toyoko Hiroi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Antigen ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Inhalation Anthrax ◽  
Anthrax Vaccines

scholarly journals LICENSED ANTHRAX VACCINES AND EXPERIMENTAL PREPARATIONS AT THE STAGE OF CLINICAL TRIALS

2017 ◽  
pp. 112-126
Author(s):  
N. I. Mikshis ◽  
P. Yu. Popova ◽  
A. P. Semakova ◽  
V. V. Kutyrev
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
The World ◽  
High Pathogenicity ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Anthrax Vaccines ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

High pathogenicity of anthrax agent combined with unique insensitivity of its spore forms to environmental stresses class it among extremely dangerous biological agents. Registered and effectively used anthrax vaccines made invaluable contribution to the improvement of epidemiological situation around the world. Nevertheless, neglect of non-specific prophylaxis may result in dramatic scenarios and require large-scale measures on rectification of the consequences. Efforts on the development of next-generation vaccines are aimed at safety build-up, decrease in frequency of administration, and enhancement of manufacturing technologies. The review contains the key information on licensed anthrax vaccines designed for medical use, both in the territory of the Russian Federation and abroad. Among multiple experimental developments emphasized have been preparations manufactured by various biopharmaceutical companies in compliance with GMP standards, at different phases of clinical trials in 2016.

scholarly journals Identification of a Protein Subset of the Anthrax Spore Immunome in Humans Immunized with the Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed Preparation

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (9) ◽  
pp. 5685-5696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indira T. Kudva ◽  
Robert W. Griffin ◽  
Jeonifer M. Garren ◽  
Stephen B. Calderwood ◽  
Manohar John
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Protective Antigen ◽  
Hypothetical Protein ◽  
The United States ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Spore Surface ◽  
Expression Library ◽  
Anthrax Vaccine ◽  
Anthrax Spore ◽  
Anthrax Vaccines

ABSTRACTWe identified spore targets of Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA)-induced immunity in humans by screening recombinant clones of a previously generated, limited genomicBacillus anthracisSterne (pXO1+, pXO2−) expression library of putative spore surface (spore-associated [SA]) proteins with pooled sera from human adults immunized with AVA (immune sera), the anthrax vaccine currently approved for use by humans in the United States. We identified 69 clones that reacted specifically with pooled immune sera but not with pooled sera obtained from the same individuals prior to immunization. Positive clones expressed proteins previously identified as localized on the anthrax spore surface, proteins highly expressed during spore germination, orthologs of proteins of diverse pathogens under investigation as drug targets, and orthologs of proteins contributing to the virulence of both gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. Among the reactive clones identified by this immunological screen was one expressing a 15.2-kDa hypothetical protein encoded by a gene with no significant homology to sequences contained in databases. Further studies are required to define the subset of SA proteins identified in this study that contribute to the virulence of this pathogen. We hypothesize that optimal delivery of a subset of SA proteins identified by such studies to the immune system in combination with protective antigen (PA), the principal immunogen in AVA, might facilitate the development of defined, nonreactogenic, more-efficacious PA-based anthrax vaccines. Future studies might also facilitate the identification of SA proteins with potential to serve as targets for drug design, spore inactivation, or spore detection strategies.

Anthrax Vaccines

2009 ◽  
pp. 851-863
Author(s):  
Arthur Friedlander ◽  
Stephen Little ◽  
Marc Gurwith
Keyword(s):  
Anthrax Vaccines

scholarly journals Effect of simultaneous administration of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and anthrax vaccines on antibody response to FMD in sheep

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Can Çokçalışkan ◽  
Pelin Tuncer Göktuna ◽  
Tunçer Türkoğlu ◽  
Ergün Uzunlu ◽  
Ceylan Gündüzalp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Simultaneous Administration ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Anthrax Vaccines

scholarly journals Anthrax vaccines

Vaccines ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 127-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur M. Friedlander ◽  
John D. Grabenstein ◽  
Philip S. Brachman
Keyword(s):  
Anthrax Vaccines

scholarly journals Current State of Anthrax Vaccines and Key R&D Gaps Moving Forward

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Clark ◽  
Daniel N. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Vaccine Research ◽  
Anthrax Vaccine ◽  
Current State ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Anthrax Vaccines

A licensed anthrax vaccine has been available for pre-exposure prophylaxis in the United States since 1970, and it was approved for use as a post-exposure prophylaxis, in combination with antibiotic treatment, in 2015. A variety of other vaccines are available in other nations, approved under various regulatory frameworks. However, investments in anthrax vaccines continue due to the severity of the threat posed by this bacterium, as both a naturally occurring pathogen and the potential for use as a bioweapon. In this review, we will capture the current landscape of anthrax vaccine development, focusing on those lead candidates in clinical development. Although approved products are available, a robust pipeline of candidate vaccines are still in development to try to address some of the key research gaps in the anthrax vaccine field. We will then highlight some of the most pressing needs in terms of anthrax vaccine research.

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