Background variability in standard clinical pathology biomarkers in beagle dogs instrumented with chronic indwelling telemetry devices

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore J. Baird ◽  
Adam Aulbach ◽  
Kyle P. O'Donohue ◽  
Joshua D. Yoder ◽  
Jill A. Dalton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Beagle Dogs

scholarly journals Influence of estrous stages on electrocardiography, clinical pathology and ovarian weight of experimental beagle dogs: a retrospective analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chitrang Shah ◽  
Laxit Bhatt ◽  
B.V. Ravichandra ◽  
Viren Kothule ◽  
Shekhar Kadam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Qt Intervals ◽  
Pr Interval ◽  
Reproductive Life ◽  
Erroneous Interpretation

Abstract Estrous cycle is a repetitive phenomenon occurring during the reproductive life of a female dog. The duration of the canine estrous cycle is considerably longer than one in the most of the other animals and is broadly grouped into follicular phase (proestrus and estrus), luteal phase (diestrus) and non-seasonal anestrus. Dogs in the same stage of cycle can be inadvertently assigned to same group during routine safety and metabolic studies leading to possible erroneous interpretation of test-item related effects. This retrospective analysis was conducted by analyzing data of 86 female beagle dogs from control/placebo treated groups to correlate any possible effect of estrous stages with electrocardiography, clinical pathology and ovarian weight. Different estrous cycle stages of beagles were confirmed histologically by evaluating ovary, uterus, vagina and mammary glands. The incidence of beagles in diestrus was the highest, followed by anestrus, proestrus and estrus. No significant effect was noticed on heart rate, P–A, P–D, RR, QRS and QT intervals across different stages of estrous cycle. However, significantly higher PQ (PR) interval in dogs in proestrus stage was observed compared to dogs in anestrus and estrus. Marginally higher WBCs, neutrophils, lymphocytes, RBCs, hemoglobin, AST and lower hematocrit, lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides), ALP level was evident in estrous period. Relative ovary weight was significantly higher in dogs in diestrus stage. Considering these results, one may need to exercise caution while interpreting experimental data from female beagle dogs.

Effect of estrous cycle phase on clinical pathology values in beagle dogs

2012 ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia J. Willson ◽  
Sundeep A. Chandra ◽  
Carie L. Kimbrough ◽  
Holly L. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Cycle Phase ◽  
Beagle Dogs

scholarly journals Chronic Effects of Flutamide in Male Beagle Dogs

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-249
Author(s):  
Doyle Frank ◽  
Neal Sharpe ◽  
Mary Celine Scott ◽  
Elmer Mirro ◽  
Barbara Hartman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Interstitial Cell ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Clinical Indication ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Tubular Atrophy ◽  
Compensatory Response ◽  
Study Interval

Flutamide, a potent nonsteroidal antiandrogen, was administered orally to male beagle dogs for 2,3, or 4 years at doses of 10,20, or 40 mg/kg/day. At each study interval, the results of clinical pathology examinations, organ weight determinations, necropsy, and histopathologic examinations generally were similar and included atrophy of the prostate gland, testicular interstitial cell hyperplasia, and seminiferous tubular atrophy and degeneration. After 3 years of drug exposure, there were 3 dogs with testicular interstitial cell adenomas and a few dogs with 1 or more enlarged mammary gland nipples. Based upon the pharmacologic activity of flutamide, these findings were expected and considered the consequence of long-term blocking of testosterone receptors and an exaggerated compensatory response to increased secretion of luteinizing hormone. The findings of this study were consistent with other examples of dysregulated hormone stimulation of target tissues noted during the nonclinical safety assessment of flutamide. In consideration of the clinical indication of flutamide for advanced prostatic carcinoma and based upon reports of minimal flutamide-related adverse clinical responses, the findings of this study pose no concern for human risk assessment.

scholarly journals Toxicity Profile of Artesunate in Rats and Dogs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Susanne Lang
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Toxicity Profile ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Respiratory Parameters ◽  
Safety Parameters ◽  
Repeated Administrations ◽  
Single Intravenous Administration ◽  
Intramuscular Artesunate

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of these studies were to investigate the toxicity, safety and toxicokinetics of single and multiple doses of artesunate for injection in rats and dogs. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats and Beagle dogs were treated intravenously or intramuscularly for 28 consecutive days with doses of up to 30 mg/kg artesunate, evaluating toxicity, kinetics, genotoxicity, and cardiovascular and central nervous safety parameters after single and 4-week repeated administrations. Furthermore, respiratory parameters were evaluated after a single intravenous administration in rats. RESULTS: Artesunate was well tolerated with no mortality and only minor effects on clinical pathology parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained in these studies support the safe use of intravenous and intramuscular artesunate in humans.

A 90-Day Oral Gavage Toxicity Study of d-Methylphenidate and d, I-Methylphenidate in Beagle Dogs

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve K. Teo ◽  
David I. Stirling ◽  
Steve D. Thomas ◽  
Mark G. Evans ◽  
Vikram D. Khetani
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Adverse Effect Level ◽  
Effect Level ◽  
Therapeutic Doses

d-Methylphenidate ( d-MPH) was approved as a treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. The repeated-dose toxicity of the d enantiomer of d, l-methylphenidate ( d, l-MPH) was assessed in male and female Beagle dogs. Dogs were orally dosed twice a day in equally divided doses 6 hours apart for total daily doses of 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg/day d-MPH or 20 mg/kg/day d, l-MPH for 90 days, followed by a 30-day recovery period. The top d-MPH dose of 10 mg/kg was equimolar to 20 mg/kg d, l-MPH in d-MPH content. The 10-mg/kg d-MPH and d, l-MPH doses were at least 13 times the maximum therapeutic dose giving rise to systemic exposures that were equivalent to or at least 2 times greater than those at the maximum therapeutic doses in children. The 10-mg/kg d-MPH and 20-mg/kg d, l-MPH doses had systemic exposures that were equivalent to or two to five times greater than the maximum therapeutic plasma levels in children respectively. There was no treatment-related mortality in all doses tested. Reversible salivation, hyperactivity, and diarrhea were seen in the high-dose d-MPH and d, l-MPH groups. Significant body weight loss and reduction in food consumption were observed in males for both high-dose groups with weights comparable to control values by the end of the recovery period. There were no abnormal clinical pathology or macroscopic or microscopic findings. Based on body weight changes, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of d-MPH in beagle dogs was 3 mg/kg/day.

Preclinical 28-Day Inhalation Toxicity Assessment of S-Nitrosoglutathione in Beagle Dogs and Wistar Rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 466-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy B. Colagiovanni ◽  
Daxa Borkhataria ◽  
Doug Looker ◽  
Detlef Schuler ◽  
Corinna Bachmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
Inhalation Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Profile ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Related Compounds

To support clinical development of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) as a therapeutic agent, 28-day toxicology studies in rats and dogs were conducted. Rats (21-25/sex) and dogs (3-5/sex) were exposed for 4 hours or 1 hour, respectively, to inhaled GSNO (0, 3, 9.3, 19, and 28 mg/kg per d in rats and 0, 4.6, 9.0, and 16.2 mg/kg per d in dogs) or vehicle daily via a nebulizer. Animals were monitored throughout the 28-day dosing period and during a postexposure recovery period. Complete necropsy and tissue examinations were performed. Experimental end points included clinical pathology, toxicokinetics, and immunotoxicology. No biologically significant adverse findings were noted in either species, and the no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) under these conditions were the highest achieved doses (28 and 16.2 mg/kg per d in rats and dogs, respectively). These data demonstrate that GSNO is well tolerated in rodents and dogs and predict a favorable toxicity profile in humans, thus supporting future clinical development of GSNO or closely related compounds.

Essential variability in standard clinical pathology biomarkers in beagle dogs instrumented with chronic indwelling telemetry devices

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Theodore Baird ◽  
Kyle O'Donohue ◽  
Tara Posthumus ◽  
Scott Ward ◽  
Michael Eliel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Beagle Dogs

scholarly journals Spontaneous Pathology and Routine Clinical Pathology Parameters in Aging Beagle Dogs

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Barnes ◽  
P. Cotton ◽  
S. Robinson ◽  
M. Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Beagle Dogs

The Clinical, Roentgenological and Morphological Effects of an Acute Exposure of Phosgene on the Lungs of Dogs

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
R. F. Bils ◽  
W. F. Diller ◽  
F. Huth
Keyword(s):  
Latent Period ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Lung Edema ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electron Microscopes

Phosgene still plays an important role as a toxic substance in the chemical industry. Thiess (1968) recently reported observations on numerous cases of phosgene poisoning. A serious difficulty in the clinical handling of phosgene poisoning cases is a relatively long latent period, up to 12 hours, with no obvious signs of severity. At about 12 hours heavy lung edema appears suddenly, however changes can be seen in routine X-rays taken after only a few hours' exposure (Diller et al., 1969). This study was undertaken to correlate these early changes seen by the roengenologist with morphological alterations in the lungs seen in the'light and electron microscopes.Forty-two adult male and female Beagle dogs were selected for these exposure experiments. Treated animals were exposed to 94.5-107-5 ppm phosgene for 10 min. in a 15 m3 chamber. Roentgenograms were made of the thorax of each animal before and after exposure, up to 24 hrs.

On Future Directions in Pathology

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 274-277
Author(s):  
Benjamin F. Trump ◽  
Irene K. Berezesky ◽  
Raymond T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Diagnostic Pathology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Many

The role of electron microscopy and associated techniques is assured in diagnostic pathology. At the present time, most of the progress has been made on tissues examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with light microscopy (LM) and by cytochemistry using both plastic and paraffin-embedded materials. As mentioned elsewhere in this symposium, this has revolutionized many fields of pathology including diagnostic, anatomic and clinical pathology. It began with the kidney; however, it has now been extended to most other organ systems and to tumor diagnosis in general. The results of the past few years tend to indicate the future directions and needs of this expanding field. Now, in addition to routine EM, pathologists have access to the many newly developed methods and instruments mentioned below which should aid considerably not only in diagnostic pathology but in investigative pathology as well.

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