Transplacental transmission of Neospora caninum to lambs in successive pregnancies of naturally infected sheep in Southern Brazil

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of N. caninum associated with abortions of dairy cattle from Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Blood from dairy cows that aborted along with intrathoracic fluid and tissue samples (brain, heart, liver, and lung) from their fetuses were collected and used for serology; PCR, histopathological, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) evaluations were also conducted. Twenty-one cows (51.2%) out of 41, and eight fetuses (26.7%) out of 30 were ELISA (HerdCheck, IDEXX) positive for N. caninum. Dams > 36 months of age had a higher risk of being serum positive than younger animals. PCR and IHC revealed that 38.8% (14/36) and 25.0% (9/36) of the fetuses were positive for N. caninum, respectively for each of the tests. Seropositive cows had a higher frequency of fetuses that were also positive by either intrathoracic fluid, PCR, or IHC. In summary, the present study observed a high frequency of N. caninum in abortions from dairy cows from southern Brazil, with a higher N. caninum prevalence found in cows that were older than 36 months. In addition, serology, PCR, and IHC should be used all together for better diagnosis of neosporosis in cattle.

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Isolation and molecular detection of Neospora caninum from naturally infected sheep from Brazil

Veterinary Parasitology ◽

10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.03.002 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 147 (1-2) ◽

pp. 61-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

H.F.J. Pena ◽

R.M. Soares ◽

A.M.A. Ragozo ◽

R.M. Monteiro ◽

L.E.O. Yai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Detection ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Infected Sheep

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Demonstration of Transplacental Transmission of a Human Isolate ofAnaplasma phagocytophilumin an Experimentally Infected Sheep

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases ◽

10.1111/tbed.12120 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 60 ◽

pp. 93-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

E. Reppert ◽

R. C. Galindo ◽

M. A. Breshears ◽

K. M. Kocan ◽

E. F. Blouin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infected Sheep ◽

Human Isolate ◽

Transplacental Transmission

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Trichostrongylus and Haemonchus anthelmintic resistance in naturally infected sheep from southern Brazil

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/0001-3765201420130061 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 86 (2) ◽

pp. 777-784 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

VANDERLEI KLAUCK ◽

RAFAEL PAZINATO ◽

LEANDRO S. LOPES ◽

DIEGO C. CUCCO ◽

HORACIO L. DE LIMA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Effect ◽

Treatment Efficacy ◽

Untreated Control ◽

Anthelmintic Resistance ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Infected Sheep ◽

Control Group ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Untreated Control Group ◽

Larval Culture

The anthelmintic resistance in small ruminants is a common problem and concern worldwide. The aim of this study was to verify anthelmintic treatment efficacy in naturally infected sheep. This study was conducted on nine herds that used the same anthelmintic management for over a year. In each farm, the animals were divided into two groups: untreated control group (n = 5) and treated (n = 10) according to the number of eggs per gram of feces (EPG). The treatment effect was checked based on EPG results and larval culture performed before treatment and 10 days after treatment. Significant differences were not observed (P> 0.05) on EPG results between untreated and treated groups. The coproculture showed that the animals were infected primarily byHaemonchus spp., Trichostrongylus spp.,Teladorsagia spp., Cooperia spp. andOesophagostomum spp. In all farms, anthelmintic resistance by genera Haemonchus and Trichostrongylus was found, but this resistance varied greatly between farms.Haemonchus spp. showed resistance to closantel, levamisole, and albendazole. Trichostrongylus spp. was shown to be resistant to closantel, levamisole, and albendazole. The drugs tested showed to be efficient against the genera Teladorsagia,Cooperia, and Oesophagostomum. Based on these results, we conclude that the anthelmintic resistance to the tested drugs is a problem present in the farms evaluated.

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Frequency of antibodies against Neospora caninum in stray and domiciled dogs from urban, periurban and rural areas from Paraná State, Southern Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612008000400010 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 222-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Nicolle Fridlund-Plugge ◽

Fabiano Montiani-Ferreira ◽

Rosária R. T. B. Richartz ◽

Juliano Dal Pizzol ◽

Pedro C. Machado Jr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Life Style ◽

Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Fluorescent Antibody ◽

Geographic Location ◽

Antibody Test ◽

Indirect Fluorescent Antibody ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Municipal District

Antibodies to Neospora caninum were analyzed by an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), in stray and domiciled dogs from urban, periurban and rural areas from Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil. Of the total of 556 dogs, 18.17% (101) were positive for N. caninum (titer 50). Frequency of antibody was 12.71 in urban, 15.73 in periurban, and 25.38% in rural dogs. Rural dogs had a significantly higher frequency of antibodies than urban dogs (P< 0.05). There were no significant differences between the frequencies of antibodies in urban and periurban dogs (P>0.05), and between dogs from periurban and rural areas (P>0.05). Antibodies to N. caninum were detected in 34 of 233 domiciled dogs (14.59%) and in 17 of 126 stray dogs (13.49%). No statistical differences were observed considering life-style and geographic location of origin (P>0.05). Neospora caninum is widespread among dogs from urban, periurban and rural areas of the municipal district of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.

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Isolation and genetic characterization of Neospora caninum from naturally infected sheep

Veterinary Parasitology ◽

10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109091 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 280 ◽

pp. 109091

Author(s):

Marta García-Sánchez ◽

Javier Moreno-Gonzalo ◽

Marta González-Warleta ◽

Mercedes Mezo ◽

Luis Miguel Ortega-Mora ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Characterization ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Infected Sheep

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Seronegative conversion in four Neospora caninum-infected cows, with a low rate of transplacental transmission

Veterinary Parasitology ◽

10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.04.025 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 131 (1-2) ◽

pp. 145-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

T. Kyaw ◽

J. Suwimonteerabutr ◽

P. Virakul ◽

C. Lohachit ◽

W. Kalpravidh

Keyword(s):

Neospora Caninum ◽

Transplacental Transmission ◽

Low Rate

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Detection of Neospora caninum Infection in Aborted Equine Fetuses in Israel

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9110962 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 962

Author(s):

Monica Leszkowicz Mazuz ◽

Lea Mimoun ◽

Gili Schvartz ◽

Sharon Tirosh-Levy ◽

Igor Savitzki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neospora Caninum ◽

Fluorescent Antibody ◽

Fetal Loss ◽

Antibody Test ◽

Transplacental Transmission ◽

Caninum Infection ◽

Parasite Detection ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Equine Abortion

In horses, Neospora caninum and Neospora hughesi have been associated with fetal loss, and neurological disease, respectively. This study investigated the role of Neospora spp. infection in equine abortion in Israel. The presence of anti-Neospora spp. antibodies was evaluated in 31 aborting mares by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and the presence of parasite DNA in their aborted fetuses was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using two target loci (ITS1 and Nc5). The seroprevalence found in aborting mares was 70.9% and the prevalence by DNA detection in the aborted fetuses was 41.9%. Transplacental transmission from positive mares to their fetuses was 45.4% (10/22), while 33.3% (3/9) of fetuses of seronegative mares also tested positive for Neospora. The use of two PCR targets improved the sensitivity of parasite detection, and positive samples were identified by sequence analyses as N. caninum. These finding suggest that N. caninum could be a significant cause of abortion in horses, and that transplacental transmission in horses is an important way of transmission of N.caninum. The results presented here demonstrated the necessity to use several tests concurrently, including serological and molecular assays in order to confirm the involvement of Neospora in mare abortions.

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Endogenous and exogenous transplacental transmission of Neospora caninum – how the route of transmission impacts on epidemiology and control of disease

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182009990588 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 136 (14) ◽

pp. 1895-1900 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

D. J. L. WILLIAMS ◽

C. S. HARTLEY ◽

C. BJÖRKMAN ◽

A. J. TREES

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Vertical Transmission ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Protozoan Parasite ◽

Transplacental Transmission ◽

Highly Efficient ◽

Route Of Transmission ◽

And Control

SUMMARYVertical transmission of the protozoan parasite, Neospora caninum is highly efficient and can take two forms – endogenous transplacental transmission resulting from activation of the quiescent bradyzoite stage during pregnancy or exogenous transplacental transmission resulting from ingestion of oocysts during pregnancy. Calves born carrying infection derived from either endogenous or exogenous transplacental transmission are capable of infecting their offspring when they start to breed. This review considers firstly the frequency with which exogenous and endogenous transmission occur, secondly the role of the immune response in controlling N. caninum infection and thirdly how the parasite persists in an immune-competent host and is re-activated during pregnancy.

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