Seronegative conversion in four Neospora caninum-infected cows, with a low rate of transplacental transmission

2005 ◽  
Vol 131 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kyaw ◽  
J. Suwimonteerabutr ◽  
P. Virakul ◽  
C. Lohachit ◽  
W. Kalpravidh
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Transplacental Transmission ◽  
Low Rate

Transplacental transmission of Neospora caninum to lambs in successive pregnancies of naturally infected sheep in Southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 100537
Author(s):  
Kamila Alcalá Gonçalves Pereira ◽  
Renato Silva de Sousa ◽  
Mary Suzan Varaschin ◽  
Ana Paula Brenner Busch Becker ◽  
Alda Lúcia Gomes Monteiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Infected Sheep ◽  
Transplacental Transmission ◽  
Southern Brazil

scholarly journals Detection of Neospora caninum Infection in Aborted Equine Fetuses in Israel

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 962
Author(s):  
Monica Leszkowicz Mazuz ◽  
Lea Mimoun ◽  
Gili Schvartz ◽  
Sharon Tirosh-Levy ◽  
Igor Savitzki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Fetal Loss ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Transplacental Transmission ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Parasite Detection ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Equine Abortion

In horses, Neospora caninum and Neospora hughesi have been associated with fetal loss, and neurological disease, respectively. This study investigated the role of Neospora spp. infection in equine abortion in Israel. The presence of anti-Neospora spp. antibodies was evaluated in 31 aborting mares by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and the presence of parasite DNA in their aborted fetuses was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using two target loci (ITS1 and Nc5). The seroprevalence found in aborting mares was 70.9% and the prevalence by DNA detection in the aborted fetuses was 41.9%. Transplacental transmission from positive mares to their fetuses was 45.4% (10/22), while 33.3% (3/9) of fetuses of seronegative mares also tested positive for Neospora. The use of two PCR targets improved the sensitivity of parasite detection, and positive samples were identified by sequence analyses as N. caninum. These finding suggest that N. caninum could be a significant cause of abortion in horses, and that transplacental transmission in horses is an important way of transmission of N.caninum. The results presented here demonstrated the necessity to use several tests concurrently, including serological and molecular assays in order to confirm the involvement of Neospora in mare abortions.

Endogenous and exogenous transplacental transmission of Neospora caninum – how the route of transmission impacts on epidemiology and control of disease

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (14) ◽  
pp. 1895-1900 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. L. WILLIAMS ◽  
C. S. HARTLEY ◽  
C. BJÖRKMAN ◽  
A. J. TREES
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Transplacental Transmission ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Route Of Transmission ◽  
And Control

SUMMARYVertical transmission of the protozoan parasite, Neospora caninum is highly efficient and can take two forms – endogenous transplacental transmission resulting from activation of the quiescent bradyzoite stage during pregnancy or exogenous transplacental transmission resulting from ingestion of oocysts during pregnancy. Calves born carrying infection derived from either endogenous or exogenous transplacental transmission are capable of infecting their offspring when they start to breed. This review considers firstly the frequency with which exogenous and endogenous transmission occur, secondly the role of the immune response in controlling N. caninum infection and thirdly how the parasite persists in an immune-competent host and is re-activated during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Experimental infection with Neospora caninum in pregnant bitches

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guacyara Tenorio Cavalcante ◽  
Rodrigo Martins Soares ◽  
Sandra Mayumi Nishi ◽  
Stéfano Carlo Filippo Hagen ◽  
Camila Infantoni Vannucchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Transplacental Transmission ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Polymerase Chain

In this study, transplacental transmission of Neospora caninum in bitches at different stages of pregnancy was evaluated. Three bitches were inoculated in the 3rd week and three in the 6th week of gestation with 10(8) tachyzoites of N. caninum (Nc-1 strain). All the infected bitches and at least one of their offspring presented anti-N. caninum antibodies according to the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT > 400). The pups and their mothers were sacrificed and tissues from the central nervous system (CNS), popliteal lymph nodes, skeletal muscle, brain, lungs, heart and liver were analyzed for the presence of N. caninum using the nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The parasite was found in the pups in lymph node, CNS, heart and liver tissues using nested PCR. There was no difference in perinatal mortality between the offspring from bitches infected in the 3rd week of gestation (60%) and in the 6th week (53.8%).

N-terminal fusion of a toll-like receptor 2-ligand to a Neospora caninum chimeric antigen efficiently modifies the properties of the specific immune response

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
pp. 606-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADRIANA AGUADO-MARTÍNEZ ◽  
AFONSO P. BASTO ◽  
JOACHIM MÜLLER ◽  
VRENI BALMER ◽  
VERA MANSER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Chimeric Protein ◽  
Cell Immune Response ◽  
Transplacental Transmission ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 2 ◽  
Th 1

SUMMARYImmunoprophylactic products against neosporosis during pregnancy should induce an appropriately balanced immune response. In this respect, OprI, a bacterial lipoprotein targeting toll like receptor (TLR)2, provides promising adjuvant properties. We report on the manipulation of the innate and the T-cell immune response through the fusion of OprI with the Neospora caninum chimeric protein Mic3-1-R. In contrast to Mic3-1-R, OprI-MIC3-1-R significantly activated bone-marrow dendritic cells from naïve mice. Mice immunized with OprI-Mic3-1-R induced an immune response with mixed T helper (Th)1 and Th2 properties (high levels of both immunoglobulin (Ig)G1 and IgG2a and of interleukin (IL)-10, IL-12(p70) and interferon-γ responses) whereas Mic3-1-R+saponin induced a clear Th2-biased response (low IgG2a and high IL-4 and IL-10). After mating and challenge with N. caninum, increased expression of interferon-γ was only found in placentas from OprI-Mic3-1-R immunized dams. However, no protection against vertical transmission and neonatal mortality was observed in either of the two groups. These results indicated that more exhaustive studies must be done to elucidate the immune mechanisms associated with transplacental transmission. Antigen linkage to TLR2-ligands, such as OprI, is a useful tool to investigate this enigma by reorienting the innate and adaptive immune responses against other candidate antigens in future studies.

Reduction in transplacental transmission of Neospora caninum in outbred mice by vaccination

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 821-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Miller ◽  
Helen Quinn ◽  
Cheryl Ryce ◽  
Michael P. Reichel ◽  
John T. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Transplacental Transmission ◽  
Outbred Mice

scholarly journals Transplacental transmission of Neospora caninum in naturally infected small ruminants from northeastern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 921-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelise C.B.T. Nunes ◽  
Elise M. Yamasaki ◽  
Pomy C.P. Kim ◽  
Renata P.B. Melo ◽  
Müller Ribeiro-Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Transplacental Transmission ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Different Tissues

ABSTRACT: Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are causative agents of abortion in sheep and goats. Thus, the present study aimed to describe the transplacental transmission of these protozoans in small ruminants of northeastern Brazil. Seventeen fetuses (6 goats and 11 sheep) from farms with history of abortion were necropsied and samples were collected from different tissues (brain, liver, lung, kidney and heart). The samples were analyzed by PCR, histopathology (HP) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to evaluate whether T. gondii and/or N. caninum infection were the cause of abortion. None of the samples was positive for T. gondii according to PCR and IHC results. Some brain, liver, lung, kidney and heart samples of goat fetuses were positive for N. caninum by PCR. In the histopathology, mild mononuclear infiltration and necrosis with calcification were observed in the liver and brain of one goat fetus, respectively, that also was positive for N. caninum by PCR and IHC. The results confirmed vertical transmission of N. caninum in naturally infected goats of northeastern, Brazil.

Molecular assessment of the transplacental transmission of Toxoplasma gondii , Neospora caninum , Brucella canis and Ehrlichia canis in dogs

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 47-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isis Indaiara Gonçalves Granjeiro Taques ◽  
Tatiane Rodrigues Barbosa ◽  
Andresa de Cássia Martini ◽  
Letícia Camara Pitchenin ◽  
Ísis Assis Braga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Ehrlichia Canis ◽  
Transplacental Transmission ◽  
Brucella Canis ◽  
Molecular Assessment

scholarly journals Endogenous transplacental transmission of Neospora caninum during successive pregnancies across three generations of naturally infected sheep

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta González-Warleta ◽  
José Antonio Castro-Hermida ◽  
Carmen Calvo ◽  
Valentín Pérez ◽  
Daniel Gutiérrez-Expósito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Infected Sheep ◽  
Transplacental Transmission ◽  
Three Generations

scholarly journals Assessment of transplacental transmission of Neospora caninum in dairy cattle in the Agreste region of Pernambuco

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 516-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inalda Angélica de Souza Ramos ◽  
Rafael José da Silva ◽  
Thiago Arcoverde Maciel ◽  
José Augusto Bastos Afonso da Silva ◽  
Otavio Luiz Fidelis Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Transplacental Transmission ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Antibody Titers

Abstract The transplacental transmission is the primary route of Neospora caninum infection in bovine herds around the world. This study aimed to determine the frequency of transplacental transmission of the parasite in dairy cattle of Agreste region of Pernambuco through serological tests (IFAT and ELISA). Three hundred sixteen serum samples from cows and heifers and their offspring were analyzed. The transplacental transmission rate was 72.22% (13/18) for cows and 69.23% (9/13) for heifers by IFAT. ELISA test showed transplacental transmission rate of 43.58% (17/39) for cows and 50% (9/18) for heifers. The transplacental transmission rates were similar, in both groups in test, but a higher seropositivity was found in cows by IFAT. Data were statistically analyzed using the chi-square and Fisher’s exact test. A significant relationship of dependence between seropositivity of mothers and their offspring was found. The more frequent IFAT antibody titers and ELISA levels for N. caninum were, respectively, 200 and between four (cows) and five (heifers and offspring). In the Spearman correlation, no association was found between the magnitude of antibody titers for N. caninum between mothers and their offspring. The kappa test showed an index of 0.35, indicating a mild correlation between the serological tests used. The study suggests that cows and heifers are the main transmitters of N. caninum in the studied region and that vertical transmission is the major form of transmission in dairy herds of the Agreste region of Pernambuco.

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