scholarly journals Occurrence of abortions induced by Neospora caninum in dairy cattle from Santa Catarina, southern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Augusto Barbosa de Macedo ◽  
Madlaine Frigo Silveira Barbosa de Macedo ◽  
Ana Carolina Miura ◽  
Alessandra Taroda ◽  
Sergio Tosi Cardim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of N. caninum associated with abortions of dairy cattle from Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Blood from dairy cows that aborted along with intrathoracic fluid and tissue samples (brain, heart, liver, and lung) from their fetuses were collected and used for serology; PCR, histopathological, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) evaluations were also conducted. Twenty-one cows (51.2%) out of 41, and eight fetuses (26.7%) out of 30 were ELISA (HerdCheck, IDEXX) positive for N. caninum. Dams > 36 months of age had a higher risk of being serum positive than younger animals. PCR and IHC revealed that 38.8% (14/36) and 25.0% (9/36) of the fetuses were positive for N. caninum, respectively for each of the tests. Seropositive cows had a higher frequency of fetuses that were also positive by either intrathoracic fluid, PCR, or IHC. In summary, the present study observed a high frequency of N. caninum in abortions from dairy cows from southern Brazil, with a higher N. caninum prevalence found in cows that were older than 36 months. In addition, serology, PCR, and IHC should be used all together for better diagnosis of neosporosis in cattle.

scholarly journals Differential Expression of Cholecystokinin A Receptor in Gallbladder Cancer in the Young and Elderly Suggests Two Subsets of the Same Disease?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Raza Kazmi ◽  
Abhijit Chandra ◽  
Kavita Baghel ◽  
Anshuman Singh ◽  
Jaya Nigam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Gallbladder Cancer ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Clinicopathological Parameters ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background. Cholecystokinin type A receptor (CCKAR) is known to be overexpressed in variety of human malignancies but information regarding its expression in gallbladder cancer (GBC) is limited. Attempts were now made to investigate expression pattern of CCKAR mRNA and protein in controls and GBC patients and correlate it with various clinicopathological parameters following surgical resection.Materials and Methods. Gallbladder tissue samples from 64 subjects (GBC: 39; control: 25) were studied. Expression of CCKAR mRNA was evaluated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and confirmed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression was studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results. Significantly higher expression of CCKAR mRNA(P<0.0001)and protein(P<0.0001)was observed in GBC tissues. Overexpression was also observed for stage III and in moderately and poorly differentiated tumors. When the clinicopathological parameters were compared, we found age dependent decrease in CCKAR expression. Relatively higher expression of CCKAR was observed in younger patients (age < 45 years) having more aggressive disease when compared with elderly ones (age ≥ 45 years).Conclusions. Age related differential expression of CCKAR in GBC may suggest two possible variants of the disease in this endemic belt.

An evaluation of melarsomine hydrochloride efficacy for parasitological cure in experimental infection of dairy cattle with Trypanosoma evansi in Thailand

Parasitology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 138 (9) ◽  
pp. 1134-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARC DESQUESNES ◽  
KETSARIN KAMYINGKIRD ◽  
TIMOTHÉE VERGNE ◽  
NACHAI SARATAPHAN ◽  
RODTIAN PRANEE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Intramuscular Injection ◽  
Trypanosoma Evansi ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

SUMMARYMelarsomine hydrochloride can cure Trypanosoma evansi infection in camels at a dose of 0·25 mg/kg, but at that dose relapses occur in cattle. In our study, the efficacy of an intramuscular injection of melarsomine hydrochloride at 0·5 mg/kg was assessed in 3 normal and 3 splenectomized dairy cattle experimentally infected with a stock of T. evansi from Thailand. The animals were monitored for 5 months by haematocrit centrifugation, blood- or cerebrospinal fluid-mouse inoculation, polymerase chain reaction, the card agglutination test (CATT) for T. evansi, and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay‑T. evansi. Parasitological and DNA tests became and remained negative just after treatment. By the end of the experiment, CATT was negative and ELISA scores were below or very close to the cut-off value. One of the splenectomized cattle died from anaplasmosis during the experiment, but tested negative for surra. It was concluded that the parasites had been cleared from the cattle, and melarsomine hydrochloride at 0·5 mg/kg can be recommended for treatment against T. evansi infection in dairy cattle in Thailand. Further work is necessary to validate the efficacy of the treatment in the event of confirmed CSF-infection.

scholarly journals Neospora caninum: evaluation of vertical transmission in slaughtered dairy cows (Bos taurus)

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
César Augusto Barbosa de Macedo ◽  
Madlaine Frigo Silveira Barbosa de Macedo ◽  
Sergio Tosi Cardim ◽  
Milaine Cristiane Dantas Custódio Paiva ◽  
Alessandra Taroda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Indirect Elisa ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Blood Samples

Neospora caninum is a worldwide parasite recognized as one of the main parasites responsible for abortion in cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate vertical transmission of N. caninum in dairy cows (Bos taurus) that were slaughtered at an abattoir in the state of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Blood samples (with and without EDTA) from 60 pregnant dairy cows and blood and tissue samples (brain, lung, heart and liver) from their fetuses were collected and used for PCR and serological evaluation. Blood samples from 60 non-pregnant cows were collected and used to detect antibodies. Anti-N. caninum antibodies were detected by indirect ELISA. Antibodies against N. caninum were observed in 41.6% (25∕60) of the pregnant cows and in 43.3% (26∕60) of the non-pregnant cows. Antibodies against the parasite were detected in sera from three fetuses (5.5%). PCR analysis revealed that 3.3% (2∕60) of the cows and 6.6% (4∕60) of the fetuses evaluated were positive for specific N. caninum primers. These positive fetuses were between 4-6 months of age. Therefore, considering PCR and serological tests to be indicative of vertical transmission in fetuses, 11.6% (7∕60) of the fetuses were infected by N. caninum during gestation.

Pathologies in commercial bivalve species from Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 571-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Mirella da Silva ◽  
Aimê Rachel Magenta Magalhães ◽  
Margherita Anna Barracco
Keyword(s):  
Bivalve Species ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Pacific Oysters ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Santa Catarina State

The State of Santa Catarina in southern Brazil is the most important Brazilian producer region. The Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas and the brown mussels Perna perna are the main species currently produced. The occurrence and impact of parasites on bivalves from natural or culture populations from Brazil are still poorly studied. This work describes several diseases, parasites and commensals from four edible bivalve species, from cultured and exploited stocks, from five sites at Santa Catarina State. Unspecific histopathological symptoms of stress, parasites and commensals were found, including viral gametocytic hypertrophy and rickettsia-like organisms with very low prevalences; the protozoan Nematopsis sp. with high prevalence and, ovarian parasites with low prevalences; and, diverse metazoans, such as turbellarian, sporocysts and metacercariae of trematodes, metacestoda larvae and spionid polychaete. Ray's fluid thioglycollate medium assays for detection of Perkinsus spp. did not detect any infected bivalves. Polymerase chain reaction assays for Marteiliodies chungmuensis in oysters with ovarian lesions produced negative results.

scholarly journals Serological Evidence for Henipa-like and Filo-like Viruses in Trinidad Bats

2020 ◽  
Vol 221 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. S375-S382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan E Schulz ◽  
Stephanie N Seifert ◽  
John T Thompson ◽  
Victoria Avanzato ◽  
Spencer L Sterling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Method ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
The Family ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Bat-borne zoonotic pathogens belonging to the family Paramxyoviridae, including Nipah and Hendra viruses, and the family Filoviridae, including Ebola and Marburg viruses, can cause severe disease and high mortality rates on spillover into human populations. Surveillance efforts for henipaviruses and filoviruses have been largely restricted to the Old World; however, recent studies suggest a potentially broader distribution for henipaviruses and filoviruses than previously recognized. In the current study, we screened for henipaviruses and filoviruses in New World bats collected across 4 locations in Trinidad near the coast of Venezuela. Bat tissue samples were screened using previously established reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. Serum were screened using a multiplex immunoassay to detect antibodies reactive with the envelope glycoprotein of viruses in the genus Henipavirus and the family Filoviridae. Serum samples were also screened by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antibodies reactive with Nipah G and F glycoproteins. Of 84 serum samples, 28 were reactive with ≥1 henipavirus glycoprotein by ≥1 serological method, and 6 serum samples were reactive against ≥1 filovirus glycoproteins. These data provide evidence of potential circulation of viruses related to the henipaviruses and filoviruses in New World bats.

Prevalence and genotype of Giardia duodenalis in dairy cattle from Northern and Northeastern part of Thailand

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tawin Inpankaew ◽  
Tawisa Jiyipong ◽  
Nalumon Thadtapong ◽  
Chanya Kengradomkij ◽  
Nongnuch Pinyopanuwat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Zinc Sulphate ◽  
Giardia Duodenalis ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Northeastern Part ◽  
Flotation Technique ◽  
Polymerase Chain

AbstractThe aims of this study were to determine prevalence and genotype of Giardia duodenalis in feces of dairy cattle from the northern part and the northeastern part of Thailand. A total of 900 fecal samples were collected directly from rectum and examined by using zinc sulphate centrifugal flotation technique and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The overall prevalence of G. duodenalis in dairy cows was 5.0 % (45/900) by zinc sulphate centrifugal flotation and 6.0 % (54/900) by PCR. Genotypes of G. duodenalis found in this study were Assemblage AI and E. The results indicated that dairy cattle may act as a potential risk of Giardia transmission among animals and humans (especially Assemblage AI).

scholarly journals Comparison of Whole-Tissue and Xylem Fluid Collection Techniques to Detect Xylella fastidiosa in Grapevine and Oleander

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 600-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake R. Bextine ◽  
Thomas A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Fluid Collection ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Xylem Fluid ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Xylella fastidiosa is the xylem-limited bacterium that causes Pierce's disease of grapevine and oleander leaf scorch. Detection of this pathogen prior to symptom development is critical for improved management of the disease. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) currently are used for routine detection of the pathogen; however, both detection methods are limited by low titer or patchy distribution of the bacterium within a host plant. In the study reported here, we directly compared X. fastidiosa detection in whole-tissue samples with xylem fluid samples from grapevine and oleander. Collection of xylem fluid samples improved sensitivity of pathogen detection by ELISA (41.0%) compared with whole-tissue samples (20.5%) in asymptomatic grapevine. Additionally, pathogen detection in asymptomatic grapevine by PCR also was improved when xylem samples were tested (66.7%) compared with whole-tissue samples (23.1%). There were no differences in frequency of detection of X. fastidiosa in symptomatic grapevines by ELISA or PCR dependent upon sample collection method. Assays of xylem fluid samples did not improve detection of X. fastidiosa in symptomatic or asymptomatic oleander compared with assays of whole tissue. Finally, in a direct comparison of ELISA and PCR, we found no significant differences in frequencies of positive grapevine or oleander samples detected.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Diagnosis of Foot-and-Mouth Disease

Intervirology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Salman Khan ◽  
Syed Asad Ali Shah ◽  
Syed Muhammad Jamal
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Kappa Value ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Level Of Agreement

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an infectious and highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed domestic and wild animals, causing heavy economic losses to the livestock industry. Rapid and reliable diagnosis of the disease is essential for the implementation of effective control measures. This study compared sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (S-ELISA) and conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the diagnosis of FMD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A total of 60 epithelial samples from suspected cases of FMD were tested using both S-ELISA and RT-PCR assays. The level of agreement between the assays was assessed by calculating the Kappa value. <b><i>Results:</i></b> S-ELISA detected 38 (63%) samples positive for FMD virus (FMDV). Being predominant, serotype O was detected in 22 (57.9%) of the total samples tested positive, whereas 9 (23.7%) and 7 (18.4%) samples were found positive for serotypes A and Asia-1, respectively. RT-PCR detected viral genome in 51 (85%) of the samples using pan-FMDV primers set, 1F/1R. Thirty-six samples were found positive and 7 negative by both the tests. The level of agreement between the tests was assessed by calculating the Kappa value, which was found to be fair (Kappa value = 0.303 and 95% CI = 0.089; 0.517) and significant (<i>p</i> = 0.009). However, 2 samples, which were found positive on S-ELISA tested negative on RT-PCR. This may be attributed to the presence of nucleotide mismatch(es) in the primer-binding sites that may have resulted in failure of amplification of the viral genome. The serotype-specific RT-PCR assays not only confirmed serotyping results of S-ELISA but were also able to establish serotype in 9 S-ELISA-negative but pan-FMDV RT-PCR-positive samples. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The RT-PCR assay contributes significantly to establishing a quick, sensitive, and definitive diagnosis of FMD in resource-constrained countries. Samples giving negative results in S-ELISA should be tested in RT-PCR for the disease detection and virus typing.

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