Effect of anionic and nonionic surfactants on the kinetics of the aerobic heterotrophic biodegradation of organic matter in industrial wastewater

Adsorption techniques for industrial wastewater treatment rich in heavy metals and aqueous solutions of water-soluble such as Cl−, F−, HCO3−, NO3−, SO2−4, and PO3−, often include technologies for toxicity removals. The recent advancement and technical applicability in the treatment of chlorine and chlorinated compounds from industrial wastewater are reviewed in this article. Chlorine and chlorinated compounds are among the common discharged constituents from numerous industries. They can be carcinogenic or naturally toxic and can pose issues to aquatic ecosystems and human beings. Thus, elimination of chlorides and chlorinated compounds from water or wastewater is inevitable to get rid of the problem. Several techniques are being applied for the reduction of chlorine and chlorinated compounds in water. These include biodegradation, photochemical, adsorption, chemical, electrochemical, photo-electrochemical, membrane, supercritical extraction and catalytic method. Chlorine can react with various organic and inorganic micro-pollutants. However, the potential reactivity of chlorine for specific compounds is small, and only minor variations in the structure of the parent compound are anticipated in the water treatment process under typical conditions. This paper reviews different techniques and aspects related to chlorine removal, the types of chlorine species in solution and their catalyst, chlorine fate and transport into the environment, electrochemical techniques for de-chlorination of water, kinetics, mechanisms of reduction of chlorinated compounds, and kinetics of the electrochemical reaction of chlorine compounds. Keywords: Industrial waste, Kinetics, Wastewater, Water purification

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Adsorption Equilibrium, Kinetics, Thermodynamics and Dynamic Separation of Magnesium and CalciumIons from Industrial Wastewater by New Strong Acid Cation Resin of SPVC

Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry ◽

10.21743/pjaec/2021.06.13 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 127-138

Author(s):

Dilfuza Nuriddinova

Keyword(s):

Calcium Ions ◽

Industrial Wastewater ◽

Adsorption Equilibrium ◽

Dynamic Condition ◽

Research Work ◽

Strong Acid ◽

Cation Resin ◽

Acid Cation ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Separation Results

In the research work, the adsorption equilibrium, kinetics, thermodynamics and dynamic separation of magnesium and calcium ions from industrial wastewater by new strong acid cation resin of SPVC (sulphonated polyvinylchloride) were investigated. The sorption capacity of the studied resin was 3.78 mmol/g and 3.74 mmol/g for magnesium and calcium ions, respectively, according to Langmuir isotherm. It was found that the pseudo−first−order model was better fitted for the adsorption kinetics of magnesium and calcium ions on the resin. The dynamic separation results confirmed that the selected resin effectively separated magnesium and calcium ions from industrial wastewater in the dynamic condition. The change of the standard Gibbs free energy (G) and enthalpy (H), and entropy (S) were calculated. The obtained results confirmed that the adsorption of magnesium and calcium ions on the selected resin is endothermic.

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Unusually sluggish microemulsion system with water, toluene and a technical branched alkyl polyethoxylate

Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly ◽

10.2298/ciceq141012045i ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 429-439 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marija Ilic ◽

Franz-Hubert Haegel ◽

Vesna Pavelkic ◽

Snezana Zlatanovic ◽

Zoran Markovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽

Nonionic Surfactants ◽

Binary Phase Diagram ◽

Visual Observation ◽

Ternary Mixtures ◽

Microemulsion System ◽

Slow Kinetics ◽

Bicontinuous Microemulsion ◽

Kinetics Of ◽

Qualitative Measurements

Microemulsion systems with water, toluene and nonionic surfactants are interesting for application due to the excellent solvent properties of aromatic hydrocarbons. In this study, the pseudo-binary phase diagram (?fish-diagram?) of such a ternary system was investigated using a branched technical alkyl polyethoxylate. Lutensol ON 50 (i-C10E5) was considered a suitable surfactant. The system with technical branched i-C10E5 exhibits very long and for compositions near optimum solubilization, i.e. the minimum content of surfactant needed for a bicontinuous microemulsion, extremely long times for equilibration. In addition to visual observation, qualitative measurements of turbidity were performed with a UV-Vis spectrometer for characterizing the behavior of this unusually sluggish system. Isothermal phase diagrams at 20, 25 and 30?C yielded inconsistent results after the change of temperature and the application of mechanical stress for different treatment of the samples. Ternary mixtures of water, toluene, and Lutensol ON 50 seem to form long-living metastable states. The sluggishness and the ambiguous phase behavior of the system are discussed. Inconsistent results are attributed to the slow kinetics of the formation and destruction of liquid crystals and the ability of the system to form miniemulsions within an unusual concentration range.

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The kinetics curve of nitrogen mineralization from perennial leaves litter decomposed by earthworm (Phretima californica)

Sains Tanah - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology ◽

10.20961/stjssa.v17i2.46928 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 152

Author(s):

Kartika Utami ◽

Eko Hanudin ◽

Makruf Nurudin

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

N Mineralization ◽

Second Order ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Organic Matter Quality ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Pioneer Plants ◽

Decomposition Of Organic Matter ◽

N Release ◽

Kinetics Of

The kinetics of N release during the process of decomposition of organic matter is influenced by organic matter quality, temperature, humidity, and decomposer. Acacia, coffee, salacca, and bamboo leaf litter are native plants and be the pioneer plants on the slopes of Mount Merapi after the eruption in 2010. However, there is a lack of information on the N mineralization process from the leaves litter of acacia, coffee, salacca, and bamboo. The study aimed to determine the kinetics of N release from the litter leaves of acacia (Acacia decurrens), coffee, salacca, and bamboo, which were tested with three approaches, namely zero order, first order, and second order. The experiment was carried out using 10 Phretima californica earthworms that were incubated with 35g of annual plant leaves at 25°C. The levels of NH4+ and NO3- were measured at 0, 7, 15, 30, 45, 75, and 105 days after incubation by using the indophenol blue and derivative spectrophotometric method, respectively. Throughout the decomposition 105 days, the release of NO3- was higher than that of NH4+ due to the nature of NH4+ that was more easily immobilized than NO3-. The highest NO3- release in acacia litter (1.56 mg kg-1) occurred 30 days after incubation, while in coffee, salacca, and bamboo occurred 105 days after incubation, reaching 1.92 mg kg-1, 2.47 mg kg-1, and 1.88 mg kg-1, respectively. High N compound on the leaves litter unaffected to increasing total biomass earthworms in the end of incubation however promotes N mineralization rapidly. The kinetics of the second-order equation showed higher compatibility than the other equations to the N release with coefficient determination was higher. The kinetics of mineralization can be a strategy to use the leaves litter of perennial plants as sources of N nutrient input into soil.

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