Long-term and strong suppression against Microcystis growth and microcystin-release by luteolin continuous-release microsphere: Optimal construction, characterization, effects and proteomic mechanisms

2021 ◽  
pp. 117448
Author(s):  
Biying Li ◽  
Jieming Li ◽  
Guangqi An ◽  
Caihong Zhao ◽  
Chengyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Strong Suppression ◽  
Continuous Release ◽  
Optimal Construction

scholarly journals Transient inhibition and long-term facilitation of locomotion by phasic optogenetic activation of serotonin neurons

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia A Correia ◽  
Eran Lottem ◽  
Dhruba Banerjee ◽  
Ana S Machado ◽  
Megan R Carey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Strong Suppression ◽  
Serotonin Neurons ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Rapid Kinetics ◽  
Long Term Facilitation ◽  
The Impact

Serotonin (5-HT) is associated with mood and motivation but the function of endogenous 5-HT remains controversial. Here, we studied the impact of phasic optogenetic activation of 5-HT neurons in mice over time scales from seconds to weeks. We found that activating dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) 5-HT neurons induced a strong suppression of spontaneous locomotor behavior in the open field with rapid kinetics (onset ≤1 s). Inhibition of locomotion was independent of measures of anxiety or motor impairment and could be overcome by strong motivational drive. Repetitive place-contingent pairing of activation caused neither place preference nor aversion. However, repeated 15 min daily stimulation caused a persistent increase in spontaneous locomotion to emerge over three weeks. These results show that 5-HT transients have strong and opposing short and long-term effects on motor behavior that appear to arise from effects on the underlying factors that motivate actions.

Continuous-release beads of natural allelochemicals for the long-term control of cyanobacterial growth: Preparation, release dynamics and inhibitory effects

2016 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 113-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haomin Huang ◽  
Xi Xiao ◽  
Fang Lin ◽  
Hans-Peter Grossart ◽  
Zeyu Nie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Continuous Release

LONG-TERM WILDLIFE OPERATIONS: ADAPTATIONS TO TRADITIONAL INCIDENT COMMAND (OR ICS) STRUCTURE. A CASE STUDY OF THE SS JACOB LUCKENBACH.*

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
pp. 479-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Najah Addassi ◽  
Kathleen Jennings ◽  
Michael Ziccardi ◽  
Julie Yamamoto ◽  
Steve Hampton
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spills ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Electronic Data Collection ◽  
Incident Command ◽  
Continuous Release ◽  
Key Species

ABSTRACT From 2001–2002, oiled birds were found along 220 miles of California's central coastline, with more than 2,000 birds recovered and transported for care. No significant slicks or other obvious sources of oil were observed. Response activities were coordinated to address a prolonged wildlife event, rather than proceeding as a typical short-term oil spill response. This event was part of a long pattern of repeat “mystery” oil spills in this region that puzzled investigators for 10 years, most believing the oil resulted from illegal dumping; but when the 2001/2002 event extended well beyond the winter season, investigators looked deeper. After an extensive investigation by state and federal agencies, the sunken vessel, SS Jacob Luckenbach was identified. A six month, $19 million, multi-agency response operation was undertaken by the U.S. Coast Guard with operations concluding October 2002. To address the 11-month wildlife response for the 2001/2002 season, the Incident Command Structure was modified to address the unique needs of this event, including: activation and deactivation criteria for beach searches; weather prediction for oil release and animal stranding patterns; hybridization of field team functions; changing response priorities for key species; and long-term staffing, communication and coordination among the multiple agencies. Spill-specific policies and protocols were established, and information was made available to remote personnel through a website. On-going staff debriefs were conducted and adjustments implemented. Based on lessons learned, California's Wildlife Operations Plan is being revised and an electronic data collection system is being implemented to streamline animal tracking. Although most response organizations are structured to respond to “batch” spills, with hundreds of aging sunken vessels along the California coast alone and as the continuous release from the TV Prestige demonstrated, organizational modifications may be necessary to adequately prepare for and respond to the more unusual, but potentially growing risk of long-term, intermittent releases in the off-shore environment.

Inhibition of the pituitary-gonadal axis in nude male mice by continuous administration of LHRH agonists and antagonists

1990 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. W. Redding ◽  
A. V. Schally
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Release ◽  
Nude Mice ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Continuous Administration ◽  
Continuous Release ◽  
Lhrh Agonists ◽  
Serum Lh

ABSTRACT Analogues of LHRH can be used for the treatment of sex hormone-dependent tumours. The nude mouse is a valuable model for the investigation of transplanted human cancers, but there is a body of literature reporting that the function of the pituitary-gonadal axis in normal (immunocompetent) and nude (immunocompromized) mice, unlike that of other species, cannot be suppressed by the administration of LHRH agonists and antagonists. To explore this view further, long-term experiments were carried out in nude male mice, in which sustained-release formulations of the agonist [d-Trp6]-LHRH and of two new potent antagonists were used which permitted a continuous release of the peptides into the circulation. Nude male mice were treated for 28-30 days with 50 μg of antagonists [Ac-d-Nal(2)1,d-Phe(4Cl)2,d-Trp3,d-Cit6,d-Ala10]-LHRH (SB-30) or [Ac-d-Nal(2)1,d-Phe(4Cl)2,d-Pal(3)3,d-Cit6,d-Ala10]-LHRH (SB-75)/day delivered by osmotic minipumps. Some mice were injected twice a day with 25 μg SB-75. Other groups received microcapsule preparations of the agonist [d-Trp6]-LHRH, releasing 25 or 12·5 μg/day for 30 days. At autopsy, in mice which received 50 μg SB-30 or SB-75/day by minipumps, there was a significant decrease in weights of testes, ventral prostate and seminal vesicles compared with controls. [d-Trp6]-LHRH microcapsules at either dose also reduced weights of testes and accessory sex organs. Serum LH and testosterone were significantly reduced in all groups treated with analogues. There was a greater decrease in testicular weights and serum testosterone in nude mice which received SB-75 in a continuous fashion from minipumps than in animals injected twice a day. These results clearly demonstrate, contrary to the existing data, that the pituitary-gonadal axis of nude mice can be inhibited by LHRH agonists or antagonists if they are administered by continuous release systems. This study indicates that when the sustained-release formulations are used, nude mice can be valuable for studying the effects of analogues of LHRH on tumour biology Journal of Endocrinology (1990) 126, 309–315

Evaluation of Port Delivery System with ranibizumab for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-200
Author(s):  
Annika J Patel ◽  
Dante J Pieramici ◽  
Nika Bagheri
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Office Visits ◽  
Continuous Release ◽  
Anti Vegf ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pars Plana

Current treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration involves periodic intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF medication, creating a burden to patients and physicians, resulting in nonadherence to recommended dosing schedules. The Port Delivery System with ranibizumab offers a long-term solution that involves implantation of a device into the pars plana and provides continuous release of anti-VEGF medication into the vitreous, thus requiring fewer office visits. The Port Delivery System has demonstrated comparable visual and anatomic outcomes to monthly injections and shows promise in alleviating the patient burden in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration, making possible better long-term real-world visual outcomes.

Chronic oxytocin treatment causes reduced milk ejection in dairy cows

2003 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupert M Bruckmaier
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Milk Ejection ◽  
Continuous Release ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
Milk Ejection Reflex

The major milk fraction stored in the bovine udder, the alveolar milk, is not available for milk removal before being actively shifted to the cisternal cavities by the milk ejection reflex (Knight et al. 1994; Pfeilsticker et al. 1996). Tactile teat stimulation, provided by the liner throughout milking, causes continuous release of oxytocin from the neuro-pituitary into the blood circulation, which induces myoepithelial contraction and shifting of alveolar milk into the cistern until the end of milking (Bruckmaier et al. 1994; Crowley & Armstrong, 1992; Gorewit et al. 1983; Lefcourt & Akers, 1983). However, milk ejection during machine milking is not complete. A residual milk fraction of 10–30% remains in the udder and is only removed after administration of supraphysiological amounts of oxytocin, usually at least 10 i.u. of oxytocin injected i.v. (Bruckmaier & Blum, 1998). In dairy practice, exogenous oxytocin is often used at high dosages to treat disturbed or incomplete milk ejection. It is reported by farmers and veterinarians that after long-term use of exogenous oxytocin animals become addicted to the treatment and withdrawal of oxytocin causes reduced milk ejection.

scholarly journals OPTIMAL CONSTRUCTION AND TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTION FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF A CITY PIPELINE AND THE RESULTS OF ITS TESTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-107
Author(s):  
YAO XIN ◽  
M. Z. UPIN ◽  
L. V. SALIYCHUK ◽  
V. G. KVASHA
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Technological Structure ◽  
National University ◽  
Reconstruction Project ◽  
Technical And Economic Indicators ◽  
External Loads ◽  
Optimal Construction

Purpose. To once again draw the attention of bridge owners and bridge experts to the problems of reconstruction of long-term bridges and on a concrete example of reconstruction of a rather problematic city overpass operated for more than 60 years to shows that with the optimal structural and technological solutions of the reconstruction received a restored bridge, and its operational and technical and economic indicators which according to the requirements of the National Building Norms completely correspond to the new bridge, but the reconstruction cost and the lead time are greatly reduced. Methodology. To achieve this purpose over the past ten years of operation of the overpass conducted three inspections and full-scale static tests. It is determined that most of the existing reinforced concrete structures, although defective and in need of repair, can be used for further operation after reconstruction, provided they are reinforced. Worn out non-repairable structures that needed to be replaced were also found. Results. According to these initial data, a reconstruction project was developed using scientific and technological structure developments of the Branch Research Laboratory 88 of Lviv Polytechnic National University for the reconstruction of bridges. The span structure has been expanded to 4 lanes from the size G-10.5 + 2 × 0.9 m to the new G-16.5 + 2 × 1.5 m in a combined way – symmetrical completion of two new beams with their support on the extended support and installation of a reinforced concrete extension board with cantilever overhangs 2.7 m long. The most damaged boundary beams were replaced with new ones, designed for normalized temporary loads A15 and NK-100. For further operation the other existing beams are reinforced in one of the least expensive ways – by changing the static scheme from the existing split to the new clamped on the supports frame-inseparable. A set of repair works is provided to ensure the normalized durability of the reconstructed overpass. The scientific novelty is to develop a method for determining the experimental Coefficients of Transverse Distribution of Bending Moments (CTDM) and external loads (CTD) based on the results of tests of the span structure. The possibility of applying the method of elastic supports for the spatial calculation of span structures with beams of different stiffness is confirmed. Practical significance. The use of optimal design solutions for the reconstruction of existing span structures: reinforced concrete billboard with large cantilever overhangs to expand and change the static scheme to strengthen the beams of span structures.

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