scholarly journals Is Asian ethnicity an independent risk factor for severe perineal trauma in childbirth? A systematic review of the literature

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Wheeler ◽  
Deborah Davis ◽  
Margaret Fry ◽  
Pat Brodie ◽  
Caroline S.E. Homer
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Perineal Trauma ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Asian Ethnicity ◽  
Severe Perineal Trauma

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ETHNICITY AND SEVERE COVID-19 DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony Raharja ◽  
Alice Tamara ◽  
Li Teng Kok
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Research Database ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Background: Multiple reports suggested disproportionate impact of Covid-19 on ethnic minorities. Whether ethnicity is an independent risk factor for severe Covid-19 illness is unclear. Purpose: Review the association between ethnicity and poor Covid-19 outcomes including all-cause mortality, hospitalisation, critical care admission, respiratory and kidney failure. Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, WHO COVID-19 Global Research Database up to 15/06/2020, and preprint servers. No language restriction. Study Selection: All studies providing ethnicity-aggregated data on the pre-specified outcomes, except case reports or interventional trials Data Extraction: Pairs of investigators independently extracted data, assessed risk of bias using Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS), and rated certainty of evidence following GRADE framework. Data Synthesis: Seventy-two articles (59 cohort studies with 17,950,989 participants; 13 ecological studies; 54 US-based and 15 UK-based; 41 peer-reviewed) were included for systematic review and 45 for meta-analyses. Risk of bias was low, with median NOS of 7 (interquartile range 6-8). In the unadjusted analyses, compared to white ethnicity, all-cause mortality risk was similar in Black (RR:0.96 [95%CI: 0.83-1.08]), Asian (RR:0.99 [0.85-1.16]) but reduced in Hispanic ethnicity (RR:0.69 [0.57-0.84]). Age and sex-adjusted-risks were significantly elevated for Black (HR:1.38 [1.09-1.75]) and Asian (HR:1.42 [1.15-1.75]), but not for Hispanic (RR:1.14 [0.93-1.40]). Further adjusting for comorbidities attenuated these association to non-significance; Black (HR:0.95 [0.72-1.25]); Asian (HR:1.17 [0.84-1.63]); Hispanic (HR:0.94 [0.63-1.44]). Similar results were observed for other outcomes. In subgroup analysis, there is a trend towards greater disparity in outcomes for UK ethnic minorities, especially hospitalisation risks. Limitations: Paucity of evidence on native ethnic groups, and studies outside US and UK. Conclusions: Currently available evidence cannot confirm ethnicity as an independent risk factor for severe Covid-19 illness, but indicates that disparity may be partially attributed to greater burden of comorbidities. Registration: PROSPERO, CRD42020188421 Funding source: none

scholarly journals Thrombotic Microangiopathy: Multi-Institutional Review of Pediatric Patients Who Underwent HSCT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archana Ramgopal ◽  
Shiva Sridhar ◽  
Jignesh Dalal ◽  
Ram Kalpatthi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Thrombotic Microangiopathy ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Institutional Review

Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a rare but serious complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The purpose of our study is to estimate the incidence and risk factors of TMA in 93 out of a total of 12369 children (0.8%) receiving HSCT. HHV6 infection was an independent risk factor associated with increased mortality in patients with TMA (Hazard Ratio: 2.86 [1.01, 8.39], p=0.05), and our study conducts a review of the literature with the association of HHV-6 and complement activation. Studies exploring the pathophysiology of TMA and its relationship to HSCT are needed to optimize the outcome of pediatric patients.

scholarly journals The Effects of Tobacco Smoking, and Prenatal Tobacco Smoke Exposure, on Risk of Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abby Hunter ◽  
Rachael Murray ◽  
Laura Asher ◽  
Jo Leonardi-Bee
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background The association between cigarette smoking and schizophrenia is well established. However, up to 90% of people with schizophrenia begin smoking before the onset of their illness; thus, smoking could be an independent risk factor for schizophrenia. Prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoke is also associated with psychiatric problems in adolescence. Therefore, our aim was to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the effect of smoking, and prenatal smoke exposure, on risk of schizophrenia. Method We systematically searched Medline, EMBASE, PsychInfo, Maternity and Infant Care, and Web of Science (from inception to February 2018) to identify comparative observational studies of the risk of schizophrenia in relation to smoking status. Measures of relative risk (RR) were pooled in a meta-analysis with 95% confidence intervals (CI), using random effects model. Results Twelve studies (9 cohort, 3 case-control) were included. Odds ratios (OR) and hazard ratios (HR) were pooled together to estimate pooled relative risks and estimates combined in a meta-analysis on an assumption of constant risk over time. Smokers had a significantly increased risk of schizophrenia compared with nonsmokers (RR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.10% to 3.61%, I2 = 97%, 5 studies). Exposure to prenatal smoke increased the risk of schizophrenia by 29% (95% CI = 1.10% to 1.51%, I2 = 71%, 7 studies). Sensitivity analyses identified no significant differences between the results from studies reporting OR and hazard ratio. Conclusions Our findings suggest smoking, and prenatal smoke exposure, may be an independent risk factor for schizophrenia. Care should be taken when inferring causation, given the observational nature of the studies. Implications In this meta-analysis of 12 studies, smokers had a significantly increased risk of schizophrenia compared with nonsmokers. Exposure to prenatal tobacco smoke also increased the risk of schizophrenia by 29% compared with those with no exposure to prenatal tobacco smoke. Our findings suggest that smoking, and prenatal tobacco smoke exposure, may be independent risk factors for schizophrenia. These results may have important public health implications for decreasing the incidence of schizophrenia. The possibility of a causal link between smoking and schizophrenia warrants further investigation.

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