Microbiota Supplementation with Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus Modifies the Preterm Infant Gut Microbiota and Metabolome: An Observational Study

The preterm infant gut microbiota is influenced by environmental, endogenous, maternal, and genetic factors. Although siblings share similar gut microbial composition, it is not known how genetic relatedness affects alpha diversity and specific taxa abundances in preterm infants. We analyzed the 16S rRNA gene content of stool samples, ≤ and >3 weeks postnatal age, and clinical data from preterm multiplets and singletons at two Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs), Tampa General Hospital (TGH; FL, USA) and Carle Hospital (IL, USA). Weeks on bovine milk-based fortifier (BMF) and weight gain velocity were significant predictors of alpha diversity. Alpha diversity between siblings were significantly correlated, particularly at ≤3 weeks postnatal age and in the TGH NICU, after controlling for clinical factors. Siblings shared higher gut microbial composition similarity compared to unrelated individuals. After residualizing against clinical covariates, 30 common operational taxonomic units were correlated between siblings across time points. These belonged to the bacterial classes Actinobacteria, Bacilli, Bacteroidia, Clostridia, Erysipelotrichia, and Negativicutes. Besides the influence of BMF and weight variables on the gut microbial diversity, our study identified gut microbial similarities between siblings that suggest genetic or shared maternal and environmental effects on the preterm infant gut microbiota.

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Persistence of Suspected Probiotic Organisms in Preterm Infant Gut Microbiota Weeks After Probiotic Supplementation in the NICU

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2020.574137 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Efrah I. Yousuf ◽

Marilia Carvalho ◽

Sara E. Dizzell ◽

Stephanie Kim ◽

Elizabeth Gunn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Preterm Infant ◽

Probiotic Supplementation

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Effect of AMY1 copy number variation and various doses of starch intake on glucose homeostasis: data from a cross-sectional observational study and a crossover meal study

Genes & Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s12263-021-00701-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mary Farrell ◽

Stina Ramne ◽

Phébée Gouinguenet ◽

Louise Brunkwall ◽

Ulrika Ericson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Observational Study ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Glucose Homeostasis ◽

Copy Number ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Postprandial Glucose ◽

Interaction Effects ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition ◽

Meal Study

Abstract Background Copy number (CN) variation (CNV) of the salivary amylase gene (AMY1) influences the ability to digest starch and may influence glucose homeostasis, obesity and gut microbiota composition. Hence, the aim was to examine the association of AMY1 CNV with fasting glucose, BMI, and gut microbiota composition considering habitual starch intake and to investigate the effect of AMY1 CNV on the postprandial response after two different starch doses. Methods The Malmö Offspring Study (n = 1764, 18–71 years) was used to assess interaction effects between AMY1 CNV (genotyped by digital droplet polymerase chain reaction) and starch intake (assessed by 4-day food records) on fasting glucose, BMI, and 64 gut bacteria (16S rRNA sequencing). Participants with low (≤ 4 copies, n = 9) and high (≥ 10 copies, n = 10) AMY1 CN were recruited for a crossover meal study to compare postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses to 40 g and 80 g starch from white wheat bread. Results In the observational study, no overall associations were found between AMY1 CNV and fasting glucose, BMI, or gut microbiota composition. However, interaction effects between AMY1 CNV and habitual starch intake on fasting glucose (P = 0.03) and BMI (P = 0.05) were observed, suggesting inverse associations between AMY1 CNV and fasting glucose and BMI at high starch intake levels and positive association at low starch intake levels. No associations with the gut microbiota were observed. In the meal study, increased postprandial glucose (P = 0.02) and insulin (P = 0.05) were observed in those with high AMY1 CN after consuming 40 g starch. This difference was smaller and nonsignificant after consuming 80 g starch. Conclusions Starch intake modified the observed association between AMY1 CNV and fasting glucose and BMI. Furthermore, depending on the starch dose, a higher postprandial glucose and insulin response was observed in individuals with high AMY1 CN than in those with low AMY1 CN. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03974126. Registered 4 June 2019—retrospectively registered.

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Abnormalities in gut microbiota and serum metabolites in hemodialysis patients with mild cognitive decline: a single-center observational study

Psychopharmacology ◽

10.1007/s00213-020-05569-x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 237 (9) ◽

pp. 2739-2752

Author(s):

Bin Zhu ◽

Jianqin Shen ◽

Riyue Jiang ◽

Lina Jin ◽

Gaofeng Zhan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Observational Study ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Single Center ◽

Serum Metabolites ◽

Single Center Observational Study

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Preterm infant gut microbiota affects intestinal epithelial development in a humanized microbiome gnotobiotic mouse model

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00022.2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 311 (3) ◽

pp. G521-G532 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Yueyue Yu ◽

Lei Lu ◽

Jun Sun ◽

Elaine O. Petrof ◽

Erika C. Claud

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Mouse Model ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Preterm Infant ◽

Microbial Communities ◽

Goblet Cells ◽

Paneth Cells ◽

Stem Cell Marker ◽

Intestinal Development ◽

The Impact

Development of the infant small intestine is influenced by bacterial colonization. To promote establishment of optimal microbial communities in preterm infants, knowledge of the beneficial functions of the early gut microbiota on intestinal development is needed. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of early preterm infant microbiota on host gut development using a gnotobiotic mouse model. Histological assessment of intestinal development was performed. The differentiation of four epithelial cell lineages (enterocytes, goblet cells, Paneth cells, enteroendocrine cells) and tight junction (TJ) formation was examined. Using weight gain as a surrogate marker for health, we found that early microbiota from a preterm infant with normal weight gain (MPI-H) induced increased villus height and crypt depth, increased cell proliferation, increased numbers of goblet cells and Paneth cells, and enhanced TJs compared with the changes induced by early microbiota from a poor weight gain preterm infant (MPI-L). Laser capture microdissection (LCM) plus qRT-PCR further revealed, in MPI-H mice, a higher expression of stem cell marker Lgr5 and Paneth cell markers Lyz1 and Cryptdin5 in crypt populations, along with higher expression of the goblet cell and mature enterocyte marker Muc3 in villus populations. In contrast, MPI-L microbiota failed to induce the aforementioned changes and presented intestinal characteristics comparable to a germ-free host. Our data demonstrate that microbial communities have differential effects on intestinal development. Future studies to identify pioneer settlers in neonatal microbial communities necessary to induce maturation may provide new insights for preterm infant microbial ecosystem therapeutics.

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