Development and validation of an epidemiologic case definition of epilepsy for use with routinely collected Australian health data

The study aimed to assess conformity with Brazil’s standard protocol for diagnostic and therapeutic practices in the management of congenital syphilis by pediatricians in public maternity hospitals. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015 with 41 pediatricians working in all the public maternity hospitals in Teresina, the capital of Piauí State, Northeast Brazil, through self-completed questionnaires. The study assessed the conformity of knowledge and practices according to the Brazilian Ministry of Health protocols. The study has made evident low access to training courses (54%) and insufficient knowledge of the case definition of congenital syphilis (42%) and rapid tests for syphilis (39%). Flaws were observed in the diagnostic workup and treatment of newborns. Requesting VDRL (88%) and correct treatment of neurosyphilis (88%) were the practices that showed the highest conformity with standard protocols. Low conformity with protocols leads to missed opportunities for identifying and adequately treating congenital syphilis. Based on the barriers identified in the study, better access to diagnostic and treatment protocols, improved recording on prenatal cards and hospital patient charts, availability of tests and medicines, and educational work with pregnant women should be urgently implemented, aiming to reverse the currently inadequate management of congenital syphilis and to curb its spread.

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EVALUATION OF A CLINICAL CASE-DEFINITION OF ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME IN AFRICA

The Lancet ◽

10.1016/s0140-6736(87)92099-x ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 329 (8531) ◽

pp. 492-494 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Robert Colebunders ◽

Henry Francis ◽

Lebughe Izaley ◽

Kanyinda Kabasele ◽

Nzila Nzilambi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Case Definition ◽

Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽

Definition Of ◽

Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽

Clinical Case Definition

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A SIMPLIFIED SURVEILLANCE CASE DEFINITION OF AIDS DERIVED FROM EMPIRICAL CLINICAL DATA

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes ◽

10.1097/00126334-199212000-00005 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 5 (12) ◽

pp. 1212???1223 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Bruce G. Weniger ◽

Eleonora Pati Quinh??es ◽

Andrea Borges Sereno ◽

Maur??cio Andrade de Perez ◽

John W. Krebs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Data ◽

Case Definition ◽

Definition Of

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SARS-COV-2 INFECTION IN PRIMARY CARE: A SINGLE-CENTERED, RETROSPECTIVE, OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

10.1101/2021.11.30.21267074 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pilar Galicia ◽

Juan Jose Gutierrez Cuevas ◽

Fang Fang Chen Chen ◽

Laura Santos Larregola ◽

Alberto Manzanares Briega ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Care Center ◽

Case Definition ◽

Living Conditions ◽

Primary Care Center ◽

Predictive Role ◽

Definition Of

Purpose: to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in primary care and to analyze the predictive role of different risk factors on prognosis, especially living conditions. Methods: Retrospective longitudinal observational retrospective study by reviewing medical records from a primary care center since March 1 to April 30, 2020. Case definition of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, sociodemographic data, clinical characteristics, comorbidity and living conditions were collected. The statistical analysis consisted in description of the sample, comparison of prognosis groups and analysis of prognostic factors. Results. A sample of 70 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection was obtained, with comorbidity mainly related to arterial hypertension, overweight/obesity, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and chronic pulmonary pathology. Pneumonia was present in 66%. Exitus occurred in 14% of the sample. Factors associated with mortality were advanced age (84 vs 55; p<0.0001), arterial hypertension (78% vs 41%; p=0.040), asthma-COPD (56% vs 13%; p=0.008) and atrial fibrillation (56% vs 5%; p=0.001). Conclusions. The study reflects the clinical practice of a primary care center. This kind of studies are essential to strengthen and reorganize the Health System and to try to anticipate the medium- to long-term consequences of COVID-19 on global health.

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Case definition of psoriatic arthritis

The Lancet ◽

10.1016/s0140-6736(00)03417-6 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 356 (9247) ◽

pp. 2095 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

William J Taylor ◽

Dorothy Eden Fellow ◽

Philip S Helliwell

Keyword(s):

Psoriatic Arthritis ◽

Case Definition ◽

Definition Of

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Disseminated Aspergillosis in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1177/095646249400500116 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 63-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

G Singh ◽

C S Wijesurendra ◽

J T Green

Keyword(s):

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽

Case Definition ◽

Extensive Literature ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽

Disseminated Aspergillosis ◽

Definition Of ◽

Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽

Primary Relationship ◽

Relationship Of

The relationship of disseminated aspergillosis with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is unclear. In the initial case definition of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) developed by the Centres for Disease Control (CDC), Atlanta, aspergillosis was included as an AIDS-defining opportunistic infection1. In view of the primary relationship of aspergillosis with neutropenia rather than with lymphocyte depletion, as well as the lack of aspergillar infections among reported AIDS cases, aspergillosis was later deleted from the CDC case definition of AIDS2. We describe a case of disseminated aspergillosis in a patient with AIDS, with an extensive literature review of the subject.

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Characterizing Opioid Overdoses Using Emergency Medical Services Data

Public Health Reports ◽

10.1177/00333549211026802 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 136 (1_suppl) ◽

pp. 62S-71S

Author(s):

Josie J. Sivaraman ◽

Scott K. Proescholdbell ◽

David Ezzell ◽

Meghan E. Shanahan

Keyword(s):

Machine Learning ◽

North Carolina ◽

Emergency Medical Services ◽

Expert Knowledge ◽

Case Definition ◽

Medical Services ◽

Opioid Overdose ◽

Machine Learning Classification ◽

Emergency Medical ◽

Definition Of

Objectives Tracking nonfatal overdoses in the escalating opioid overdose epidemic is important but challenging. The objective of this study was to create an innovative case definition of opioid overdose in North Carolina emergency medical services (EMS) data, with flexible methodology for application to other states’ data. Methods This study used de-identified North Carolina EMS encounter data from 2010-2015 for patients aged >12 years to develop a case definition of opioid overdose using an expert knowledge, rule-based algorithm reflecting whether key variables identified drug use/poisoning or overdose or whether the patient received naloxone. We text mined EMS narratives and applied a machine-learning classification tree model to the text to predict cases of opioid overdose. We trained models on the basis of whether the chief concern identified opioid overdose. Results Using a random sample from the data, we found the positive predictive value of this case definition to be 90.0%, as compared with 82.7% using a previously published case definition. Using our case definition, the number of unresponsive opioid overdoses increased from 3412 in 2010 to 7194 in 2015. The corresponding monthly rate increased by a factor of 1.7 from January 2010 (3.0 per 1000 encounters; n = 261 encounters) to December 2015 (5.1 per 1000 encounters; n = 622 encounters). Among EMS responses for unresponsive opioid overdose, the prevalence of naloxone use was 83%. Conclusions This study demonstrates the potential for using machine learning in combination with a more traditional substantive knowledge algorithm-based approach to create a case definition for opioid overdose in EMS data.

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Children with Long Covid: Co-producing a specialist community public health nursing response

Journal of Health Visiting ◽

10.12968/johv.2021.9.10.418 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 418-424

Author(s):

Michael Fanner ◽

Elaine Maxwell

Keyword(s):

Acute Infection ◽

Medical Model ◽

Case Definition ◽

Real World Data ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Health Visitors ◽

Insurance Firms ◽

Health Nursing ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Uk

Globally, children have been profoundly affected by the Covid-19 pandemic in many ways. While the majority of children with acute Covid-19 infection experience mild illness and fully recover, many go on to experience Long Covid. Long Covid is clinically identified by experience of persistent (and sometimes different) symptoms for several months after the acute infection (even in children who were asymptomatic). There is currently no agreed consensus on the case definition of Long Covid, but real-world data from American health insurance firms and the UK Office for National Statistics report that children may experience intestinal symptoms, pain, breathlessness, cognitive dysfunction and post-exercise malaise. The current understanding of the natural history, diagnostics and treatments of Long Covid is limited, meaning the medical model in isolation is not helpful. Health visitors and school nurses are ideally placed to case-find children with Long Covid and co-produce child and family-centred care.

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