scholarly journals Comparative analysis of human coronaviruses focusing on nucleotide variability and synonymous codon usage patterns

Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayanta Kumar Das ◽  
Swarup Roy
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Codon Usage ◽  
Synonymous Codon ◽  
Synonymous Codon Usage ◽  
Nucleotide Variability ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Human Coronaviruses

Analysis of synonymous codon usage inShigella flexneri2a strain 301 and otherShigellaandEscherichia colistrains

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 1016-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Lian Luo ◽  
Jian Guo Xu ◽  
Chang Yun Ye
Keyword(s):  
Codon Usage ◽  
Codon Usage Bias ◽  
Synonymous Codon ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Synonymous Codon Usage ◽  
Codon Usage Pattern ◽  
Mutational Pressure ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Shigella Flexneri 2A ◽  
Usage Patterns

In this study, we analysed synonymous codon usage in Shigella flexneri 2a strain 301 (Sf301) and performed a comparative analysis of synonymous codon usage patterns in Sf301 and other strains of Shigella and Escherichia coli . Although there was a significant variety in codon usage bias among different Sf301 genes, there was a slight but observable codon usage bias that could primarily be attributable to mutational pressure and translational selection. In addition, the relative abundance of dinucleotides in Sf301 was observed to be independent of the overall base composition but was still caused by differential mutational pressure; this also shaped codon usage. By comparing the relative synonymous codon usage values across different Shigella and E. coli strains, we suggested that the synonymous codon usage pattern in the Shigella genomes was strain specific. This study represents a comprehensive analysis of Shigella codon usage patterns and provides a basic understanding of the mechanisms underlying codon usage bias.

scholarly journals Synonymous codon usage patterns in different parasitic platyhelminth mitochondrial genomes

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 587-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Chen ◽  
D.Y. Yang ◽  
T.F. Liu ◽  
X. Nong ◽  
X. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Codon Usage ◽  
Synonymous Codon ◽  
Synonymous Codon Usage ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Parasitic Platyhelminth

scholarly journals Analysis of synonymous codon usage patterns in torque teno sus virus 1 (TTSuV1)

2012 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhicheng Zhang ◽  
Wei Dai ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Chengping Lu ◽  
Hongjie Fan
Keyword(s):  
Codon Usage ◽  
Synonymous Codon ◽  
Synonymous Codon Usage ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Torque Teno Sus Virus

Analysis of codon usage patterns of the chloroplast genomes in the Poaceae family

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuerong Zhang ◽  
Xiaojun Nie ◽  
Xiaoou Jia ◽  
Cunzhen Zhao ◽  
Siddanagouda S. Biradar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Codon Usage ◽  
Synonymous Codon ◽  
Synonymous Codon Usage ◽  
Mutational Bias ◽  
Plot Analysis ◽  
Optimal Codons ◽  
Chloroplast Genomes ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Poaceae Family ◽  
High Representation

Codon usage patterns of 23 Poaceae chloroplast genomes were analysed in this study. Neutrality analysis indicated that the codon usage patterns have significant correlations with GC12 and GC3 and also showed strong bias towards a high representation of NNA and NNT codons. The Nc-plot showed that although a large proportion of points follow the parabolic line of trajectory, several genes with low ENc values lie below the expected curve, suggesting that mutational bias played a major role in the codon biology of the Poaceae chloroplast genome. Parity Rule 2 plot analysis showed that T was used more frequently than A in all the genomes. Correspondence analysis of relative synonymous codon usage indicated that the first axis explained only a partial amount of variation of codon usage. Furthermore, the gene length and expression level were also found to drive codon usage variation. These findings revealed that besides natural selection, other factors might also exert some influences in shaping the codon usage bias in Poaceae chloroplast genomes. The optimal codons of these 23 genomes were also identified in this study.

scholarly journals Natural Selection Determines Synonymous Codon Usage Patterns of Neuraminidase (NA) Gene of the Different Subtypes of Influenza A Virus in Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youhua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Codon Usage ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Synonymous Codon ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Synonymous Codon Usage ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Na Sequences ◽  
Na Gene

Synonymous codon usage patterns of neuraminidase (NA) gene of 64 subtypes (one is a mixed subtype) of influenza A virus found in Canada were analyzed. In total, 1422 NA sequences were analyzed. Among the subtypes, H1N1 is the prevailing one with 516 NCBI accession records, followed by H3N2, H3N8, and H4N6. The year of 2009 has the highest report records for the NA sequences in Canada, corresponding to the 2009 pandemic event. Correspondence analysis on the RSCU values of the four major subtypes showed that they had distinct clustering patterns in the two-dimensional scatter plot, indicating that different subtypes of IAV utilized different preferential codons. This subtype clustering pattern implied the important influence of natural selection, which could be further evidenced by an extremely flattened regression line in the neutrality plot (GC12 versus G3s plot) and a significant phylogenetic signal on the distribution of different subtypes in the clades of the phylogenetic tree (λ statistic). In conclusion, different subtypes of IAV showed an evolutionary differentiation on choosing different optimal codons. Natural selection played a deterministic role to structure IAV codon usage patterns in Canada.

Characterization of Codon Usage Bias in the UL55 Gene of Duck Enteritis Virus

2011 ◽  
Vol 204-210 ◽  
pp. 649-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Wu ◽  
An Chun Cheng ◽  
Ming Shu Wang ◽  
De Kang Zhu ◽  
Xiao Yue Chen
Keyword(s):  
Codon Usage ◽  
Codon Usage Bias ◽  
Synonymous Codon ◽  
Synonymous Codon Usage ◽  
Duck Enteritis Virus ◽  
Codon Usage Pattern ◽  
Usage Pattern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Enteritis Virus

The analysis of codon usage may improve our understanding of the evolution and pathogenesis of DEV（Duck enteritis virus） and allow reengineering of target gene to improve their expression for gene therapy.In this study,we calculated the codon usage bias in DEV UL55 gene and performed a comparative analysis of synonymous codon usage patterns in other 26 related viruses by EMBOSS CUSP program and Codon W on line.Moreover,statistical methods were used to investigate the correlations of these related parameters. By comparing synonymous codon usage patterns in different viruses,we observed that synonymous codon usage pattern in these virus is virus specific and phylogenetically conserved, with a strong bias towards the codons with A and T at the third codon position. Phylogenetic analysis based on codon usage pattern suggested that DEV UL55 gene was clustered with the avian Alphaherpesvirus but diverged to form a single branch. The Neutrality-plot suggested GC12 and GC3s adopt the same mutation pattern,meanwhile,the ENC-plot revealed that the genetic heterogeneity in UL55 genes is constrained by the G+C content, while translational selection and gene length have no or micro effect on the variations of synonymous codon usage in these virus genes.Furthermore, we compared the codon preferences of DEV with those of E. coli, yeast and Homo sapiens.Data suggested the eukaryotes system such as human system may be more suitable for the expression of DEV UL55 gene in vitro. If the yeast and E. coli expression system are wanted for the expression of DEV UL55 gene ,codon optimization of the DEV UL55 gene may be required.

Analysis of Synonymous Codon Usage in the US2 Gene of Duck Plague Virus

2013 ◽  
Vol 647 ◽  
pp. 220-226
Author(s):  
Jie Gao ◽  
An Chun Cheng ◽  
Ming Shu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Codon Usage ◽  
Codon Usage Bias ◽  
Synonymous Codon ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Synonymous Codon Usage ◽  
Eukaryotic Expression ◽  
Eukaryotic Expression System ◽  
Duck Plague Virus

The codon usage bias of DPV-CHv US2 gene (GenBank Accession No. EU195086) will be analysed in this study, and a comparative analysis of DPV-CHv US2 gene and those of other 15 alphaherpesvirus US2 genes was performed. We also analysed the RSCU, ENC, GC3s value of those US2 genes in herpesvirus, some data were analysed specifically in the article. Consequently, we found that the eukaryotic expression system——the yeast is more suitable for the expression of DPV US2 gene.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Analysis of Codon Usage on Porcine Astrovirus

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 991
Author(s):  
Huiguang Wu ◽  
Zhengyu Bao ◽  
Chunxiao Mou ◽  
Zhenhai Chen ◽  
Jingwen Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Codon Usage ◽  
Synonymous Codon ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Synonymous Codon Usage ◽  
Codon Usage Pattern ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Mutation Pressure ◽  
Porcine Astrovirus ◽  
Usage Patterns

Porcine astrovirus (PAstV), associated with mild diarrhea and neurological disease, is transmitted in pig farms worldwide. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the main factors affecting codon usage to PAstVs. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the subtype PAstV-5 sat at the bottom of phylogenetic tree, followed by PAstV-3, PAstV-1, PAstV-2, and PAstV-4, indicating that the five existing subtypes (PAstV1-PAstV5) may be formed by multiple differentiations of PAstV ancestors. A codon usage bias was found in the PAstVs-2,3,4,5 from the analyses of effective number of codons (ENC) and relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU). Nucleotides A/U are more frequently used than nucleotides C/G in the genome CDSs of the PAstVs-3,4,5. Codon usage patterns of PAstV-5 are dominated by mutation pressure and natural selection, while natural selection is the main evolutionary force that affects the codon usage pattern of PAstVs-2,3,4. The analyses of codon adaptation index (CAI), relative codon deoptimization index (RCDI), and similarity index (SiD) showed the codon usage similarities between the PAstV and animals might contribute to the broad host range and the cross-species transmission of astrovirus. Our results provide insight into understanding the PAstV evolution and codon usage patterns.

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