Intraluminal tumor cells are associated with adverse prognostic factors and survival among women with endometrial cancer

Abstract Background FoxP3+ Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) participate in the formation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) in malignant cutaneous melanoma (CM). Recent studies have reported that IDO expression correlates with poor prognosis and greater Breslow’s depth, but results concerning the role of FoxP3+ Tregs in CM have been controversial. Furthermore, the correlation between IDO and Tregs has not been substantially studied in CM, although IDO is known to be an important regulator of Tregs activity. Methods We investigated the associations of FoxP3+ Tregs, IDO+ tumor cells and IDO+ stromal immune cells with tumor stage, prognostic factors and survival in CM. FoxP3 and IDO were immunohistochemically stained from 29 benign and 29 dysplastic nevi, 18 in situ -melanomas, 48 superficial and 62 deep melanomas and 67 lymph node metastases (LNMs) of CM. The number of FoxP3+ Tregs and IDO+ stromal immune cells, and the coverage and intensity of IDO+ tumor cells were analysed. Results The number of FoxP3+ Tregs and IDO+ stromal immune cells were significantly higher in malignant melanomas compared with benign lesions. The increased expression of IDO in melanoma cells was associated with poor prognostic factors, such as recurrence, nodular growth pattern and increased mitotic count. Furthermore, the expression of IDO in melanoma cells was associated with reduced recurrence˗free survival. We further showed that there was a positive correlation between IDO+ tumor cells and FoxP3+ Tregs. Conclusions These results indicate that IDO is strongly involved in melanoma progression. FoxP3+ Tregs also seems to contribute to the immunosuppressive TME in CM, but their significance in melanoma progression remains unclear. The positive association of FoxP3+ Tregs with IDO+ melanoma cells, but not with IDO+ stromal immune cells, indicates a complex interaction between IDO and Tregs in CM, which demands further studies.

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PD-L1 expression in tumor cells is associated with a favorable prognosis in patients with high-risk endometrial cancer

Gynecologic Oncology ◽

10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.07.009 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Liju Zong ◽

Zezheng Sun ◽

Shengwei Mo ◽

Zhaohui Lu ◽

Shuangni Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endometrial Cancer ◽

High Risk ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Favorable Prognosis

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Biomarkers as prognostic factors in endometrial cancer.

Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica ◽

10.2478/v10042-10-0061-8 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Bożena Dobrzycka ◽

Sławomir J Terlikowski

Keyword(s):

Endometrial Cancer ◽

Prognostic Factors

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Serum HE4 is correlated to prognostic factors and survival in patients with endometrial cancer

Virchows Archiv ◽

10.1007/s00428-017-2115-1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 470 (6) ◽

pp. 655-664 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

A Stiekema ◽

CAR Lok ◽

CM Korse ◽

WJ van Driel ◽

V van der Noort ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endometrial Cancer ◽

Prognostic Factors

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RE: prognostic factors and genes associated with endometrial cancer based on gene expression profiling and bioinformatics analysis

Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics ◽

10.1007/s00404-019-05049-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 302 (6) ◽

pp. 1539-1540

Author(s):

Yeon-Suk Kim ◽

Hee-Sook Lim ◽

Tae-Hee Kim ◽

Kisung Song

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Endometrial Cancer ◽

Prognostic Factors ◽

Gene Expression Profiling ◽

Expression Profiling ◽

Bioinformatics Analysis

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Evaluation of the Role of Circulating Tumor Cells and Microsatellite Instability Status in Predicting Outcome of Advanced CRC Patients

Journal of Personalized Medicine ◽

10.3390/jpm10040235 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 235

Author(s):

Ippokratis Messaritakis ◽

Maria Sfakianaki ◽

Konstantinos Vogiatzoglou ◽

Asimina Koulouridi ◽

Chara Koutoulaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prognostic Factors ◽

Microsatellite Instability ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Circulating Tumor Cells ◽

Performance Status ◽

Metastatic Potential ◽

Tumor Location ◽

High Status ◽

Predicting Outcome

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related death due to its high metastatic potential. This study aimed to investigate the detection and heterogeneity of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and the microsatellite instability (MSI) status in advanced CRC patients prior to any systemic front-line treatment. Peripheral whole blood was obtained from 198 patients. CTCs were detected using double immunofluorescence and a real time-polymerase chain reaction assay; whereas MSI status was evaluated using fragment analysis. Median age of the patients was 66 years, 63.1% were males, 65.2% had a colon/sigmoid tumor location and 90.4% had a good performance status (PS). MSI-High status was detected in 4.9% of the patients; 33.3%, 56.1% and 8.6% patients had at least one detectable CEACAM5+/EpCAM+, CEACAM5+/EpCAM− and CEACAM5−/EpCAM+ CTC, respectively, and 9.1% of the patients had CEACAM5mRNA-positive CTCs. Following multivariate analysis, age, PS and MSI were confirmed as independent prognostic factors for decreased time to progression, whereas age, PS and CTC presence were confirmed as independent prognostic factors for decreased overall survival. In conclusion, our data support the use of CEACAM5 as a dynamic adverse prognostic CTC biomarker in patients with metastatic CRC and MSI-High is considered an unfavorable prognostic factor in metastatic CRC patient tumors.

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Simultaneous Immunohistochemical Detection of Tumor Cells in Lymph Nodes and Bone Marrow Aspirates in Breast Cancer and Its Correlation With Other Prognostic Factors

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2001.19.4.960 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 960-971 ◽

Cited By ~ 117

Author(s):

Bernd Gerber ◽

Annette Krause ◽

Heiner Müller ◽

Dagmar Richter ◽

Toralf Reimer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Prognostic Factors ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Axillary Lymph Nodes ◽

Axillary Lymph ◽

Breast Cancer Patients

PURPOSE: We studied the prognostic and predictive value of immunohistochemically detected occult tumor cells (OTCs) in lymph nodes and bone marrow aspirates obtained from node-negative breast cancer patients. All were classified as distant metastases-free using conventional staging methods. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 484 patients with pT1-2N0M0 breast cancer and 70 with pT1-2N1M0 breast cancer and a single affected lymph node participated in our trial. Ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes and intraoperatively aspirated bone marrow were examined. All samples were examined for OTCs using monoclonal antibodies to cytokeratins 8, 18, 19. Immunohistological findings were correlated with other prognostic factors. The mean follow-up was 54 ± 24 months. RESULTS: OTCs were detected in 180 (37.2%) of 484 pT1-2N0M0 patients: in the bone marrow of 126 patients (26.0%), in the lymph nodes of 31 patients (6.4%), and in bone marrow and lymph nodes of 23 (4.8%) patients. Of the 70 patients with pT1-2N1MO breast cancer and a single involved lymph node, OTCs were identified in the bone marrow of 26 (37.1%). The ability to detect tumor cells increased with the following tumor features: larger size, poor differentiation, and higher proliferation. Tumors of patients with OTCs more frequently demonstrated lymph node invasion, blood vessel invasion, higher urokinase-type plasminogen activator levels, and increased PAI-1 concentrations. Patients with detected OTCs showed reduced disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OAS) rates that were comparable to those observed in patients who had one positive lymph node. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors revealed that OTCs, histological grading, and tumor size are significant predictors of DFS; OTCs and grading of OAS. CONCLUSION: OTCs detected by simultaneous immunohistochemical analysis of axillary lymph nodes and bone marrow demonstrate independent metastatic pathways. Although OTCs were significantly more frequent in patients with other unfavorable prognostic factors, they were confirmed as an independent prognostic factor for pT1-2N0M0, R0 breast cancer patients.

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