scholarly journals Affective neural signatures do not distinguish women with emotion dysregulation from healthy controls: A mega-analysis across three task-based fMRI studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 100019
Author(s):  
M. Sicorello ◽  
J. Herzog ◽  
T.D. Wager ◽  
G. Ende ◽  
M. Müller-Engelmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Neural Signatures

scholarly journals Affective neural signatures do not distinguish women with emotion dysregulation from healthy controls: A mega-analysis across three task-based fMRI studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sicorello ◽  
J. Herzog ◽  
T.D. Wager ◽  
G. Ende ◽  
M. Müller-Engelmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Positive Reactivity ◽  
Individual Participant ◽  
Neural Signatures

AbstractPathophysiological models are urgently needed for personalized treatments of mental disorders. However, most potential neural markers for psychopathology are limited by low interpretability, prohibiting reverse inference from brain measures to clinical symptoms and traits. Neural signatures—i.e. multivariate brain-patterns trained to be both sensitive and specific to a construct of interest—might alleviate this problem, but are rarely applied to mental disorders. We tested whether previously developed neural signatures for negative affect and discrete emotions distinguish between healthy individuals and those with mental disorders characterized by emotion dysregulation, i.e. Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and complex Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (cPTSD). In three different fMRI studies, a total sample of 192 women (49 BPD, 62 cPTSD, 81 healthy controls) were shown pictures of scenes with negative or neutral content. Based on pathophysiological models, we hypothesized higher negative and lower positive reactivity of neural emotion signatures in participants with emotion dysregulation. The expression of neural signatures differed strongly between neutral and negative pictures (average Cohen’s d = 1.17). Nevertheless, a mega-analysis on individual participant data showed no differences in the reactivity of neural signatures between participants with and without emotion dysregulation. Confidence intervals ruled out even small effect sizes in the hypothesized direction and were further supported by Bayes factors. Overall, these results support the validity of neural signatures for emotional states during fMRI tasks, but raise important questions concerning their link to individual differences in emotion dysregulation.

Self-Compassion Mediates the Relationship Between Mindfulness and Borderline Personality Disorder Symptoms

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 838-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah J. Scheibner ◽  
Anna Daniels ◽  
Simon Guendelman ◽  
Franca Utz ◽  
Felix Bermpohl
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Psychological Process ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Nonclinical Sample ◽  
The Relationship

Individuals suffering from borderline personality disorder (BPD) experience difficulties with mindfulness. How mindfulness influences BPD symptoms, however, is still unknown. We hypothesized that the relationship between mindfulness and BPD symptoms would be mediated by self-compassion. In study 1, we recruited 29 individuals with BPD and 30 group-matched healthy controls. In study 2, we complemented our results with findings from a larger, nonclinical sample of 89 participants that were recruited during an open-house event at the local university. All participants completed questionnaires assessing self-compassion, mindfulness, BPD symptom severity, and emotion dysregulation. In both studies, self-compassion mediated the relationship between mindfulness and BPD symptom severity as well as between mindfulness and emotion dysregulation. Self-compassion seems to be one psychological process that could explain the relationship between mindfulness and BPD symptoms. One promising approach in therapy could be to target self-compassion more directly during mindfulness trainings and interventions.

scholarly journals Pain Sensitivity, Negative Affect, and Alcohol Use Disorder Status: A Moderated Mediation Study of Emotion Dysregulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1321
Author(s):  
Maciej Kopera ◽  
Elisa M. Trucco ◽  
Hubert Suszek ◽  
Paweł Kobyliński ◽  
Paweł Wiśniewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Affect Regulation ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Moderated Mediation ◽  
Emotional Dysregulation ◽  
Healthy Controls

Previous work suggests that the association between pain and emotional processes among individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) may differ from healthy controls. This study investigates whether pain sensitivity mediates the association between negative affect and emotional dysregulation and whether this association differs across AUD status using moderated mediation. The sample included 165 individuals diagnosed with AUD and 110 healthy controls. Of interest was pain sensitivity, as assessed with the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire, negative affect, as assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory, and emotional dysregulation, as assessed with the Difficulties in Emotional regulation Scale. Age, biological sex, and current pain severity were included as covariates. The results support a moderated partial mediation model that explained 44% of the variance in emotional dysregulation. The findings indicate that negative affect is related to higher pain sensitivity across groups. Moreover, pain sensitivity partially mediated the association between negative affect and emotional dysregulation, but in opposite directions depending on AUD status. Among healthy controls, greater pain sensitivity was related to better emotional regulation, while greater pain sensitivity led to greater emotional dysregulation among individuals with AUD. The potential parallels in the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of emotionality, pain, and AUD suggest that interventions targeting pain may improve adaptive affect regulation skills, which in turn could reduce negative affect and its effect on pain sensitivity among individuals with AUD.

scholarly journals Multi-scale neural signatures of major depressive, anxiety, and stress-related disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Zhukovsky ◽  
Michael Wainberg ◽  
Milos Milic ◽  
Shreejoy Tripathy ◽  
Benoit Mulsant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
Stress Disorders ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Circuit Function ◽  
Neural Signatures

Abstract The extent of shared and distinct neural mechanisms underlying major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety and stress-related disorders is still unclear. We compared the neural signatures of these disorders in 5,405 UK Biobank patients and 21,727 healthy controls. We found the greatest case-control differences in resting-state functional connectivity and cortical thickness in MDD, followed by anxiety and stress-related disorders. Neural signatures for MDD and anxiety disorders were highly concordant, namely in altered frontostriatal connectivity, whereas stress-related disorders showed a distinct pattern. Controlling for cross-disorder genetic risk somewhat increased the similarity between functional neural signatures of stress-related disorders and both MDD and anxiety disorders. Among cases and healthy controls, reduced within-network and increased between-network frontoparietal and default mode connectivity was associated with poorer cognitive performance (processing speed, attention, associative learning and fluid intelligence). These results provide evidence for distinct neural circuit function impairments in MDD and anxiety disorders compared to stress disorders; yet cognitive impairment appears unrelated to diagnosis and varies with circuit function.

Alexithymia, Affective Lability, Impulsivity, and Childhood Adversity in Borderline Personality Disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement A) ◽  
pp. 114-131
Author(s):  
Emily R. Edwards ◽  
Nina L. J. Rose ◽  
Molly Gromatsky ◽  
Abigail Feinberg ◽  
David Kimhy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Childhood Adversity ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Affective Lability ◽  
The Relationship

Long-standing theories of borderline personality disorder (BPD) suggest that symptoms develop at least in part from childhood adversity. Emotion dysregulation may meaningfully mediate these effects. The current study examined three factors related to emotion dysregulation—alexithymia, affective lability, and impulsivity—as potential mediators of the relation between childhood adversity and BPD diagnosis in 101 individuals with BPD and 95 healthy controls. Path analysis compared three distinct models informed by the literature. Results supported a complex mediation model wherein (a) alexithymia partially mediated the relation of childhood adversity to affective lability and impulsivity; (b) affective lability mediated the relation of childhood adversity to BPD diagnosis; and (c) affective lability and impulsivity mediated the relation of alexithymia to BPD diagnosis. Findings suggest that affective lability and alexithymia are key to understanding the relationship between childhood adversity and BPD. Interventions specifically targeting affective lability, impulsivity, and alexithymia may be particularly useful for this population.

Automated Acoustic Analysis of Oral Diadochokinesis to Assess Bulbar Motor Involvement in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panying Rong
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Speaking Rate ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Tongue Movement ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Syllable Repetition ◽  
Oral Diadochokinesis ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

Purpose The purpose of this article was to validate a novel acoustic analysis of oral diadochokinesis (DDK) in assessing bulbar motor involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Method An automated acoustic DDK analysis was developed, which filtered out the voice features and extracted the envelope of the acoustic waveform reflecting the temporal pattern of syllable repetitions during an oral DDK task (i.e., repetitions of /tɑ/ at the maximum rate on 1 breath). Cycle-to-cycle temporal variability (cTV) of envelope fluctuations and syllable repetition rate (sylRate) were derived from the envelope and validated against 2 kinematic measures, which are tongue movement jitter (movJitter) and alternating tongue movement rate (AMR) during the DDK task, in 16 individuals with bulbar ALS and 18 healthy controls. After the validation, cTV, sylRate, movJitter, and AMR, along with an established clinical speech measure, that is, speaking rate (SR), were compared in their ability to (a) differentiate individuals with ALS from healthy controls and (b) detect early-stage bulbar declines in ALS. Results cTV and sylRate were significantly correlated with movJitter and AMR, respectively, across individuals with ALS and healthy controls, confirming the validity of the acoustic DDK analysis in extracting the temporal DDK pattern. Among all the acoustic and kinematic DDK measures, cTV showed the highest diagnostic accuracy (i.e., 0.87) with 80% sensitivity and 94% specificity in differentiating individuals with ALS from healthy controls, which outperformed the SR measure. Moreover, cTV showed a large increase during the early disease stage, which preceded the decline of SR. Conclusions This study provided preliminary validation of a novel automated acoustic DDK analysis in extracting a useful measure, namely, cTV, for early detection of bulbar ALS. This analysis overcame a major barrier in the existing acoustic DDK analysis, which is continuous voicing between syllables that interferes with syllable structures. This approach has potential clinical applications as a novel bulbar assessment.

Heart Rate Variability, Emotions, and Music

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Riganello ◽  
A. Candelieri ◽  
M. Quintieri ◽  
G. Dolce
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Frequency Spectra ◽  
Emotional Value

The purpose of the study was to identify significant changes in heart rate variability (an emerging descriptor of emotional conditions; HRV) concomitant to complex auditory stimuli with emotional value (music). In healthy controls, traumatic brain injured (TBI) patients, and subjects in the vegetative state (VS) the heart beat was continuously recorded while the subjects were passively listening to each of four music samples of different authorship. The heart rate (parametric and nonparametric) frequency spectra were computed and the spectra descriptors were processed by data-mining procedures. Data-mining sorted the nu_lf (normalized parameter unit of the spectrum low frequency range) as the significant descriptor by which the healthy controls, TBI patients, and VS subjects’ HRV responses to music could be clustered in classes matching those defined by the controls and TBI patients’ subjective reports. These findings promote the potential for HRV to reflect complex emotional stimuli and suggest that residual emotional reactions continue to occur in VS. HRV descriptors and data-mining appear applicable in brain function research in the absence of consciousness.

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