Clinical, Demographic, and Familial Correlates of Bipolar Spectrum Disorders Among Offspring of Parents With Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar spectrum disorders are among the most frequent psychiatric ailments associated with a considerable risk of suicidal behaviour. Approximately 4–19% of (mostly untreated) patients with bipolar disorders ultimately commit suicide, and about 20–60% of them make at least one suicide attempt in their lifetime. Compared with the general population, the risk of committing suicide is about 10–30 times higher in patients with bipolar disorder. However, the majority of bipolar patients never attempt or commit suicide. Therefore, the routine assessment of several risk factors for suicide in clinical practice may aid in the recognition of those patients who are at the highest risk. This chapter summarizes the clinically most relevant suicide risk and protective factors in bipolar disorders. In addition, we review evidence-based strategies for suicide prevention in bipolar disorder.

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From Obsessivity to Bipolarity and Vice Versa. A Literature Review

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1817 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. S494-S494

Author(s):

P. Cano Ruiz ◽

S. Cañas Fraile ◽

A. Gómez Peinado ◽

P. Sanmartin Salinas

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Depressive Illness ◽

Bipolar Spectrum ◽

Manic Depressive Illness ◽

Bipolar Spectrum Disorders ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

Competing Interest ◽

Bipolar Patients ◽

Depressive Episodes

IntroductionThe prevalence of obsessive symptoms in bipolar patients is currently under discussion. Last years, different cases of antidepressant-induced mania and hypomania in patients with OCD have been described.Several authors have reported that patients with OCD and bipolar disorder have more depressive episodes than patients with only OCD.ObjectiveTo know the relationship between OCD and other bipolar spectrum disorders.MethodBibliographical review on comorbidity between obsessive symptoms and bipolarity.ResultsSome longitudinal analysis have shown that patients firstly diagnosed with OCD have an increased risk for subsequent diagnosis of all other conditions, especially for bipolar and schizoaffective disorder, for those whose risk is of up to 13 times higher. The handling of a patient with bipolar disorder and OCD implies some difficulty, because of the main treatment of anxiety disorders, the antidepressants, alters the course of manic-depressive illness, accelerating cycles.ConclusionsOCD is etiologically related to bipolar spectrum disorders and schizophrenia. Therefore, it is necessary to continue the investigation of possible involved genes and approaches for clinical practice.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Bipolar Disorder During Childhood and Adolescence

The Oxford Handbook of Mood Disorders ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199973965.013.25 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 286-298

Author(s):

Mary Fristad ◽

Elizabeth Nick

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Mood Stabilizers ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Bipolar Spectrum ◽

Not Otherwise Specified ◽

Bipolar Spectrum Disorders ◽

Professional Interest ◽

Evidence Based Treatments ◽

History Of ◽

Spectrum Disorders

This chapter reviews bipolar spectrum disorders (bipolar I, bipolar II, bipolar disorder not otherwise specified, and cyclothymic disorder) in childhood and adolescence. The history of the diagnosis in youth, including recent increased public and professional interest, and surrounding controversy is reviewed. Attention is given to prevalence, incidence, similarities and differences in presentation, course, and comorbidities among child, adolescent, and adult bipolar spectrum disorders. Assessment issues are reviewed, including longitudinal and multiinformant perspectives, instruments, strategies, tools, and assessment challenges with youth. Examples of symptom manifestation in youth are provided. Genetic, cognitive, neuroanatomical, psychosocial, and environmental risks for youth bipolar spectrum disorders are discussed. Evidence-based treatments reviewed include commonly prescribed mood stabilizers and atypical antipsychotics, alternative biological treatments, adjunctive psychotherapies, and complementary and alternative treatments. Finally, future directions for the study, assessment, monitoring, and treatment of youth bipolar spectrum disorders are discussed.

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Unique and Transdiagnostic Symptoms of Hypomania/Mania and Unipolar Depression

Clinical Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/2167702618812725 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 471-487 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kasey Stanton ◽

Shereen Khoo ◽

David Watson ◽

June Gruber ◽

Mark Zimmerman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Unipolar Depression ◽

Future Research ◽

Bipolar Spectrum ◽

Specific Symptom ◽

Symptom Dimensions ◽

Large Samples ◽

Bipolar Spectrum Disorders ◽

Spectrum Disorders

Extensive research has been conducted to isolate features that distinguish bipolar spectrum disorders from unipolar depression. Therefore, we identified latent symptom dimensions that are unique versus shared across these disorders by examining the joint structure of hypomanic/manic and depressive symptoms in two large samples (i.e., 647 community adults; 1,370 outpatients with unipolar depression or bipolar disorder history). Results across studies suggested that (a) many hypomanic/manic and depressive symptoms (e.g., irritability) are transdiagnostic, but also that (b) symptoms such as increased energy and euphoric mood define a latent specific positive activation dimension that appears more specific to bipolar disorder. We discuss how these results indicate that some symptoms may be more optimal to target than others when trying to distinguish bipolar disorder from unipolar depression, as well as how the identification of relatively disorder-specific symptom types may optimally guide future research on key mechanisms linked to hypomania/mania and depression.

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Systematic review of the prevalence of bipolar disorder and bipolar spectrum disorders in population-based studies

Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy ◽

10.1590/s2237-60892013000200002 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 99-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

José Caetano Dell'Aglio Jr. ◽

Lissia Ana Basso ◽

Irani Iracema de Lima Argimon ◽

Adriane Arteche

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Bipolar Disorders ◽

Population Based ◽

Lifetime Prevalence ◽

Bipolar Spectrum ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Bipolar Spectrum Disorders ◽

Final Sample ◽

Spectrum Disorders

This paper describes the findings of a systematic literature review aimed at providing an overview of the lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorder and bipolar spectrum disorders in population-based studies. Databases MEDLINE, ProQuest, Psychnet, and Web of Science were browsed for papers published in English between 1999 and May 2012 using the following search string: bipolar disorders OR bipolar spectrum disorders AND prevalence OR cross-sectional OR epidemiology AND population-based OR non-clinical OR community based. The search yielded a total of 434 papers, but only those published in peer-reviewed journals and with samples aged ≥ 18 years were included, resulting in a final sample of 18 papers. Results revealed rather heterogeneous findings concerning the prevalence of bipolar disorders and bipolar spectrum disorders. Lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorder ranged from 0.1 to 7.5%, whereas lifetime prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorders ranged from 2.4 to 15.1%. Differences in the rates of bipolar disorder and bipolar spectrum disorders may be related to the consideration of subthreshold criteria upon diagnosis. Differences in the prevalence of different subtypes of the disorder are discussed in light of diagnostic criteria and instruments applied.

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Stress in Bipolar Disorder

The Oxford Handbook of Stress and Mental Health ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190681777.013.6 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 126-154

Author(s):

Lauren B. Alloy ◽

Madison K. Titone ◽

Tommy H. Ng ◽

Corinne P. Bart

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Life Events ◽

Life Stress ◽

Future Research ◽

Bipolar Spectrum ◽

Bipolar Spectrum Disorders ◽

Different Types ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

Depressive Episodes

Environmental experiences play an important part in the development and maintenance of bipolar spectrum disorders (BSDs). Consequently, in this chapter, we review evidence on the role of life stress in the onset and course of BSDs. We begin with methodological issues relevant to demonstrating life stress’s role in the development and course of BSDs. We consider the effects of exposure both to recent life events and childhood stressors, as well as whether the influence of stressor exposure changes over the course of BSDs. We also address whether the effects of different types of life event exposure depend on mood episode polarity (hypomanic/manic versus depressive episodes) and whether there are specific theoretically relevant types of life events that are particularly likely to trigger bipolar episodes or symptoms. We end with suggestions for future research that may lead to a more complete understanding of the bipolar disorder–stress association.

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