Gender Differences in Food Preferences of Young Men and Women in the Armed Forces

The advent of the present war and its consequent demand for greatly accelerated production of the materials of peace and war has forcefully redirected many elements of the thinking of the American people. The highly technical character of the warfare and the complicated structure of the implements used have combined to create an urgent, if not emergency, demand for speedy, thorough, and widespread training in the fundamental mathematics which is basic in the construction and use of practically every tool of modern warfare. Young men entering any branch of armed service find that mastery of some mathematics is absolutely necessary for any work that is given them, and their usefulness in the service is directly proportional to the extent of their skill in the use of mathematics. Men and women with employment in the war industries are likewise confronted with the necessity of using this subject, at least through trigonometry, in almost any task that is assigned to them. Boys and girls looking to service either in the war industries or with the armed forces are advised that any proper preparation for such service must include mastery of as many basic mathematical skills as possible.

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War and HIV: Sex and gender differences in risk behaviour among young men and women in post-conflict Gulu District, Northern Uganda

Global Public Health ◽

10.1080/17441692.2014.887136 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 325-341 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Sheetal Patel ◽

Martin T. Schechter ◽

Nelson K. Sewankambo ◽

Stella Atim ◽

Sam Lakor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Young Men ◽

Risk Behaviour ◽

Northern Uganda ◽

Sex And Gender ◽

Men And Women ◽

Post Conflict ◽

Gulu District ◽

And Gender ◽

Sex And Gender Differences

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Gender Differences in Russia’s Job Mobility and Its Rewards

10.31235/osf.io/ncb5p ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ivan Privalko

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Young Women ◽

High Mobility ◽

Young Men ◽

Job Characteristics ◽

Job Mobility ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Men And Women ◽

Life Chances ◽

And Gender

This article considers age and gender differences in the probability and consequences of job mobility; specifically firm exits and promotions in Russia. Russia's labour market should have high rates of job mobility, but we will show using IMF figures that the rate between 2011 and 2015 is on par with the 1980's. Beyond this, little is known about who is mobile and whether mobility has any impact on wages once the characteristics of movers are controlled for. In other words, we will ask whether job mobility is a sorting mechanism, or whether it has premiums in pay in and of itself. Results show a gender difference in the likelihood of firm exit but not in the likelihood of promotion. When several personal and job characteristics are held constant, young men and women have similar odds of promotion. However, promotions have a positive effect only on the wages of young women; young men's wages are not affected. On the topic of firm exits, when several personal and job characteristics are held constant, exit is more common among young men when compared to young women; this is also true of middle aged men and women. Further, young men see a significant decrease in wages following an exit, while young women are not affected by exit. These results are flipped for middle aged workers; middle aged men see no change in wages following an exit, but middle aged women see significant declines in wages following an exit. Using these results, the article shows that the early stages of a respondent's career are marked by periods of high mobility, which is similar to the experience of young workers in other countries. After this period, mobility becomes increasingly unlikely. Part of this result could stem from the premiums tied to promotion. Results help to understand processes of inequality in wages and conditions that occur due to sorting, and the importance of promotions (internal job changes with the same employer) as 'life chances' which improve earnings in the immediate sense. Gender differences in securing these life chances help to understand wider gender gaps in earnings, which emerge later.

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Impact of exposure to combat during deployment to Iraq and Afghanistan on mental health by gender

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s003329171100290x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 42 (9) ◽

pp. 1985-1996 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

C. Woodhead ◽

S. Wessely ◽

N. Jones ◽

N. T. Fear ◽

S. L. Hatch

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Gender Differences ◽

Alcohol Use ◽

Common Mental Disorder ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Hazardous Alcohol Use ◽

Men And Women ◽

Hazardous Alcohol ◽

The Impact

BackgroundInterest in the mental health of women deployed to modern military campaigns is increasing, although research examining gender differences is limited. Little is known about experiences women have had on these deployments, or whether men and women respond differently to combat exposure.MethodThe current study used data from a representative sample of UK Armed Forces personnel to examine gender differences among those deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan (n=432 women,n=4554 men) in three measures of experience: ‘risk to self’, ‘trauma to others’ and ‘appraisal of deployment’. We examined the impact of such experiences on post-deployment symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), symptoms of common mental disorder (CMD) and hazardous alcohol use.ResultsAfter adjustment, men reported more exposure to ‘risk to self’ and ‘trauma to others’ events and more negative appraisals of their deployment. Among both genders, all measures of combat experience were associated with symptoms of PTSD and CMD (except ‘risk to self’ events on symptoms of CMD among women) but not with alcohol misuse. Women reported higher scores on the PTSD Checklist – Civilian Version (PCL-C) among those exposed to lower levels of each experience type but this did not hold in the higher levels. Women reported greater symptoms of CMD and men reported greater hazardous alcohol use across both levels of each experience type. Examining men and women separately suggested similar responses to exposure to adverse combat experiences.ConclusionsThe current findings suggest that, although gender differences in mental health exist, the impact of deployment on mental health is similar among men and women.

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Gender differences in foods uptakes, glycemic index, BMI, and various plasma parameters between young men and women in Japan

Integrative Food Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.15761/ifnm.1000163 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Ishii Y ◽

Shimizu F ◽

Ogawa M ◽

Takao T ◽

Takada A

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Glycemic Index ◽

Young Men ◽

Plasma Parameters ◽

Men And Women

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Knowledge and acceptance of human papillomavirus vaccination: perspectives of young Australians living in Melbourne, Australia

Sexual Health ◽

10.1071/sh05035 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 95 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Amy McClelland ◽

Pranee Liamputtong

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Health Beliefs ◽

Hpv Vaccination ◽

Young Men ◽

Human Papillomavirus Vaccination ◽

Vaccine Acceptance ◽

Men And Women ◽

Sexually Transmissible Infections ◽

Knowledge And Acceptance

Background: This paper explores knowledge of and attitudes toward sexually transmissible infections, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and vaccine acceptability among young people in Australia. It also explores factors influencing acceptance and attempts to identify gender differences in knowledge and acceptance. Methods: The study employed a qualitative approach and involved 14 in-depth interviews with young men and women aged between 18 and 23 years who reside in Melbourne, Australia. Results: The findings suggest that knowledge of HPV is inadequate; however, this was not found to have any impact on vaccine acceptance, which was reported as high. No clear gender differences were found in virus and vaccine knowledge and vaccine acceptance. Conclusion: It is clear in the present study that vaccination is generally viewed positively by the young men and women involved in the study and the health beliefs of these individuals have been shaped largely by several factors including cost of the vaccine, access to the vaccine and personal susceptibility to the virus.

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Gender Differences in Beliefs of Why Women Live Longer than Men

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1996.79.2.587 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 79 (2) ◽

pp. 587-591 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Julia E. Wallace

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

Gender Difference ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Young Women ◽

Young Men ◽

Stressful Life ◽

Significant Gender Difference ◽

Sociocultural Factors ◽

Men And Women ◽

College Age

Research supports an interaction of biological and sociocultural factors to account for why women live longer than men. This study investigated whether men and women of college age have similar attributions for this difference in longevity. Responses to an open-ended questionnaire by 507 college-aged students confirmed a significant gender difference in attribution of life expectancy. Young men attributed such differences to greater physical labor of men and the less stressful life of women. Young women, in contrast, thought women took better care of their health.

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