234 Racial/ethnic differences in BV in pregnancy: The role of individual and contextual-level maternal stress

Abstract Background. Most research on EOL care planning has focused on racial/ethnic differences in completing advanced directives (AD) rather than the pathways of the disparities. Therefore, this study aims to examine the mediating role of education and income in racial/ethnic differences in EOL care planning. Methods. A secondary data analysis of Health and Retirements Study (HRS) 2004-2014 wave was used. The sample included 6,518 participants ((≥ 65 years old). The independent variable measured the respondents’ race and ethnicity and the dependent variable measured the completion rate of living wills or the Durable Power of Attorney of Health Care (DPAHC). Covariates included gender, age, marital status, religion, place f birth, educational attainment, income, cognitive function, limitations in physical functioning, geriatric syndromes, and the number of progressive chronic disease. Results. The hierarchical logistic regression analysis showed that race/ethnicity was a significant predictor of completing AD (p≤0.001). Mediation analysis, Karlson, Home, and Breen (KHB), revealed that both education and income explained 14.4% of racial/ethnic differences in completion of living wills for non-Hispanic Blacks and 17.6% for Hispanics. Similarly, education and income accounted for 17.6% of racial/ethnic disparities in completion of DPAHC for non-Hispanic Blacks and 20.9% for Hispanics. In particular, education had stronger mediating effect on the outcome variables than income. Discussion. The findings suggest the importance of targeted educational interventions for people of color with lower SES to raise their awareness of benefits of advance care planning and increase their access to higher quality of EOL care.

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Racial Disparity in Pregnancy Risks and Complications in the US: Temporal Changes during 2007–2018

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9051414 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1414 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eran Bornstein ◽

Yael Eliner ◽

Frank A. Chervenak ◽

Amos Grünebaum

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

Temporal Changes ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Chronic Hypertension ◽

Pregnancy Risk ◽

The Us ◽

Racial Ethnic ◽

In Pregnancy

Maternal race and ethnicity have been associated with differences in pregnancy related morbidity and mortality. We aimed to evaluate the trends of several pregnancy risk factors/complications among different maternal racial/ethnic groups in the US between 2007 and 2018. Specifically, we used the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) natality files for these years to assess the trends of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), chronic hypertension (CH), diabetes mellitus (DM), advanced maternal age (AMA) and grand multiparity (GM) among non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics. We find that the prevalence of all of these risk factors/complications increased significantly across all racial/ethnic groups from 2007 to 2018. In particular, Hispanic women exhibited the highest increase, followed by non-Hispanic Black women, in the prevalence of HDP, CH, DM and AMA. However, throughout the entire period, the overall prevalence remained highest among non-Hispanic Blacks for HDP, CH and GM, among Hispanics for DM, and among non-Hispanic Whites for AMA. Our results point to significant racial/ethnic differences in the overall prevalence, as well as the temporal changes in the prevalence, of these pregnancy risk factors/complications during the 2007–2018 period. These findings could potentially contribute to our understanding of the observed racial/ethnic differences in maternal morbidity and mortality.

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Racial-Ethnic Differences in Sexual Risk Behaviors: The Role of Substance Use

Journal of Black Sexuality and Relationships ◽

10.1353/bsr.2016.0020 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 25-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Paula K. Miller ◽

Clifford L. Broman

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Sexual Risk ◽

Risk Behaviors ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

Sexual Risk Behaviors ◽

Racial Ethnic

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Coping mediates the association between gender and depressive symptomatology in adolescence

International Journal of Behavioral Development ◽

10.1177/0165025415616202 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 185-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Ashley M. Malooly ◽

Kaitlin M. Flannery ◽

Christine McCauley Ohannessian

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

Depressive Symptomatology ◽

African American Adolescents ◽

Dispositional Coping ◽

Instrumental Social Support ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Emotional Social Support ◽

Racial Ethnic

Previous studies have found evidence for gender and racial/ethnic differences in depressive symptoms in adolescence; however, the mechanisms driving this relationship are poorly understood. The goal of this study was to examine the role of individual differences in dispositional coping in the relationships between gender and depressive symptomatology, and race/ethnicity and depressive symptomatology. Surveys were administered to 905 15- and 17-year-old adolescents (mean age 16.10, SD = .67; 54% girls, n = 485) in the spring of 2007, 2008, and 2009. Girls reported more depressive symptomatology than boys and endorsed a greater disposition for the following coping strategies in comparison to boys: emotional social support, instrumental social support, and venting emotions. When race/ethnicity was examined, African-American adolescents reported a greater tendency toward using religious coping than Caucasian and Hispanic adolescents. Dispositional coping preferences also were found to mediate the relationships between gender and depressive symptomatology. These findings indicated that a preference for venting emotions may be particularly problematic when endorsed by girls, whereas instrumental social support may be particularly helpful for girls.

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