An experimental study of the effect of water content on combustion of heavy fuel oil/water emulsion droplets

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 1845-1855 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rene Ocampo-Barrera ◽  
Rafael Villasenor ◽  
Antonio Diego-Marin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Emulsion Droplets ◽  
Oil Water

Water Fraction Measurement in Marine Fuel Emulsions

2005 ◽  
Vol 219 (3) ◽  
pp. 149-160
Author(s):  
G H Smith ◽  
E H Owens ◽  
I Reading
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Marine Fuel ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Accuracy Requirement ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Reduce Emissions

The proposal, from the International Maritime Organisation (IMO), to limit further the emissions from marine diesel engines came into effect in May 2005. This has considerable consequence for the management and operation of ship diesel plant. One method that has been shown to limit the emissions of NOx is the addition of quantities of water as an emulsion into the heavy fuel oil (HFO) before it is injected into the burners. This reduces the peak combustion temperature, improves atomization of the diesel fuel, and can reduce emissions by as much as 30 per cent. A key component for an efficient and cost-effective system is a method to monitor the water content to an accuracy sufficient to allow the mix to be adjusted to meet the needs of the varying engine loads. This paper briefly presents the environmental, legislative, and technical background. The principle aim is, however, to describe the experimental work examining the application of an in-line optical sensor. Laboratory tests on HFO, having a room temperature viscosity of 180 cSt, were undertaken at two nominal temperatures, 80 and 130°. These tests provide empirical evidence that an in-line optical monitor could determine water fraction within the emulsion to the accuracy requirement (better than 3 per cent) and over the operational water content range (15-33 per cent water to oil). A hypothesis is presented to explain the changes in the optical scattering characteristics of the oil/water emulsion with water content. Additional results are presented that demonstrate the use of two commercial viscometers to quantify the oil/water fraction. It was concluded that the measurement of emulsion viscosity can be related to water fraction but that the current instruments do not have the required resolution and have serious limitations due to their temperature sensitivity. A key requirement for further work is that the scattering properties of the emulsion be investigated in greater detail. In particular a test must be undertaken at temperatures in the region of 170°. Also, the instrument must be developed to cope with the wide variety of diesel fuels that a ship may take on at bunkering facilities around the world.

Cenosphere formation of heavy fuel oil/water emulsion combustion in a swirling flame

2021 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 106800
Author(s):  
Xinyan Pei ◽  
Paolo Guida ◽  
K.M. AlAhmadi ◽  
Ibrahim A. Al Ghamdi ◽  
Saumitra Saxena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Swirling Flame ◽  
Oil Water

scholarly journals Experiments and model on viscosity characteristic of emulsion of heavy fuel oil and water for fluidity improvement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isamu Fujita ◽  
Xiao Ma ◽  
Masao Ono ◽  
Hideyuki Shirota
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Phase Inversion ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Theoretical Modelling ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Layer Stacking ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
High Viscosity Oil

The background of this study is to develop a method to improve the fluidity of high viscosity oil left in sunken ships. We focused on emulsification to control the rheological properties of the oil. As a first step towards the goal, experiments and modeling were conducted to understand the viscosity properties of oil-water emulsions. In the experiments, oil-water emulsions were prepared using several surfactants to measure viscosity properties. The results showed a continuous change in viscosity with increasing water content as well as a discontinuous change in viscosity due to phase inversion that occurs at a certain water content. In the theoretical modelling, a new layer-stacking model was developed and applied to the experimental results. This model, though extremely simplifying the structure of the emulsion, was found to be able to well explain the continuous and discontinuous viscosity characteristics of the emulsion.

scholarly journals АНАЛІЗ ОСОБЛИВОСТЕЙ ВНУТРІШНЬОЇ КОРОЗІЇ НАФТОПРОВОДУ ТА МЕТОДОЛОГІЯ ЇЇ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ МЕТОДОМ ПОЛЯРИЗАЦІЙНОГО ОПОРУ

2020 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Л. І. Ниркова ◽  
С. О. Осадчук ◽  
Ю. В. Борисенко ◽  
Ф. М. Макатьора
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Polarization Resistance ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Testing Facility ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Moving Line

Development of methodology for research and evaluation of internal corrosion of low-carbon steel pipeline along the bottom moving line in a hydrocarbon medium with different water content. Visual inspection and polarization resistance method were used. Based on the analysis of the peculiarities of internal corrosion of oil pipelines, the methodology of its research has been developed. A laboratory testing facility is proposed and manufactured, which simulates the inner surface of the pipeline. The design of the polarization resistance sensor was improved by applying a moisture-retaining layer, which allowed to determine the corrosion rate in the oil-water emulsion. To increase the sensitivity of the sensor in this environment, additives are introduced into the moisture-retaining layer, which promote the absorption and retention of moisture. The influence of various additives on the sensitivity of the sensor has been studied, the method of applying the moisture-retaining layer, which is suitable for use, has been worked out. The minimum concentration of the additive was determined, at which a solid moisture-retaining layer resistant to the action of moisture was obtained. The methodology of research of internal corrosion of the oil pipeline along the bottom moving line on the basis of modeling in laboratory conditions of a surface of a pipe is offered and substantiated. A laboratory testing facility was made and the design of the polarization resistance sensor was improved, which made it possible to perform measurements in oil-water emulsion. This allowed to expand the scope of the method of polarization resistance for oil environments with low water content (from 50% to 5%). The design of the electrochemical two-electrode sensor of polarization resistance with the cosurface arrangement of electrodes on which the moisture-retaining layer is put and its composition is defined is improved. A solid layer resistant to air moisture is obtained. The sensor with a moisture-retaining layer is suitable for use in oil-water emulsion with water content from 50% to 5%.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kadar Air Pada Proses Pemucatan Minyak Kelapa Sawit

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-83
Author(s):  
Mayang Sari ◽  
Yusuf Ritonga ◽  
Sri Wahyuna Saragih
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Vacuum Pump ◽  
Bleaching Process ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Dye Absorption ◽  
Oil Water

Secara alami air memang sudah ada pada minyak. Pada tahap penetralan untuk pemurnian minyak kelapa sawit, air juga terbentuk akibat reaksi antara kaustik soda dengan asam lemak bebas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kadar air pada pada proses pemucatan minyak kelapa sawit terhadap warna minyak dan terhadap asam lemak bebas. Penelitian dilakukan pada temperature operasi 70 °C dengan menggunakan pompa vakum (30-40 cmHg). Bahan pemucat yang digunakan tanah bentonite sebanyak 1,5% dari berat total keseluruhan minyak. Dilakukan dengan bantuan pengaduk dalam membantu penyerapan zat warna selama 30 menit oleh tanah bentonite. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Kandungan air dalam minyak sangat berpengaruh terhadap warna minyak yang dihasilkan pada proses pemucatan. Bertambahnya kadar air, maka sangat berpengaruh terhadap warna minyak . Pengaruh kadar air juga terlihat terhadap asam lemak bebas (bilangan asam). Semakin tinggi kadar air minyak maka semakin besar harga bilangan asam minyak .   Water naturally exists in oil. In the neutralization stage for refining palm oil, water is also formed due to the reaction between caustic soda and free fatty acids. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of water content on the bleaching process of palm oil on the color of oil and on free fatty acids. This study was carried out at an operating temperature of 70°C using a vacuum pump (30 - 40 cmHg). The bleaching material used by bentonite soil was 1.5% of the total weight of the oil. It was carried out with the help of a stirrer to help the dye absorption for 30 minutes by bentonite soil. The results showed that the water content in the oil greatly affected the color of the oil produced in the bleaching process. The increase of the water content greatly affected the oil color. The effect of water content was also seen on free fatty acids (acid numbers). The higher the water content of the oil, the greater the number of oil acid.

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