Human enterocytic apoptosis and survival: Differentiation state-specific control mechanisms

It is generally held that the role of a specific control element can only be understood within its physiological environment. The reviewed studies make it clear that there is a potent interplay between locally produced substances such as adenosine, nitric oxide, prostaglandins, and various others all interacting with the central level of control. This can occur at central sites (e.g., nitric oxide in the brain) or in the periphery (e.g., neural influence on autoregulation). The interactions are more or less pronounced during specific physiological challenges. Furthermore, several of these interactions are altered under pathological circumstances, and in some cases, the interactions seem to maintain or even augment the severity of disease. When more than three parameters participate in an interaction, the resulting regulation may become extremely complex. If these parameters are nonlinearly coupled with each other, the only way to shed light onto the nature of control network is by treating it as a black box. With the use of spectral analysis or nonlinear methods, it is possible to disentangle the fundamental nature of the system in terms of the complexity and stability. Therefore, modern developments in cardiovascular physiology utilizing these techniques, some of which are derived from the "chaos theory," are reviewed.

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Multiple replication origins with diverse control mechanisms in Haloarcula hispanica

Nucleic Acids Research ◽

10.1093/nar/gkt1214 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 2282-2294 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Zhenfang Wu ◽

Jingfang Liu ◽

Haibo Yang ◽

Hailong Liu ◽

Hua Xiang

Keyword(s):

Replication Initiation ◽

Control Mechanisms ◽

Replication Origins ◽

Dna Mutation ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Marker Frequency ◽

Haloarcula Hispanica ◽

Specific Control ◽

Main Chromosome ◽

Multiple Replication

Abstract The use of multiple replication origins in archaea is not well understood. In particular, little is known about their specific control mechanisms. Here, we investigated the active replication origins in the three replicons of a halophilic archaeon, Haloarcula hispanica, by extensive gene deletion, DNA mutation and genome-wide marker frequency analyses. We revealed that individual origins are specifically dependent on their co-located cdc6 genes, and a single active origin/cdc6 pairing is essential and sufficient for each replicon. Notably, we demonstrated that the activities of oriC1 and oriC2, the two origins on the main chromosome, are differently controlled. A G-rich inverted repeat located in the internal region between the two inverted origin recognition boxes (ORBs) plays as an enhancer for oriC1, whereas the replication initiation at oriC2 is negatively regulated by an ORB-rich region located downstream of oriC2-cdc6E, likely via Cdc6E-titrating. The oriC2 placed on a plasmid is incompatible with the wild-type (but not the ΔoriC2) host strain, further indicating that strict control of the oriC2 activity is important for the cell. This is the first report revealing diverse control mechanisms of origins in haloarchaea, which has provided novel insights into the use and coordination of multiple replication origins in the domain of Archaea.

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Human intestinal epithelial cell survival: differentiation state-specific control mechanisms

AJP Cell Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpcell.2001.280.6.c1540 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 280 (6) ◽

pp. C1540-C1554 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Rémy Gauthier ◽

Charlène Harnois ◽

Jean-François Drolet ◽

John C. Reed ◽

Anne Vézina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cell ◽

Cell Survival ◽

Intestinal Epithelial Cell ◽

The State ◽

Control Mechanisms ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Human Intestinal Epithelial Cell ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Specific Control

To investigate whether human intestinal epithelial cell survival involves distinct control mechanisms depending on the state of differentiation, we analyzed the in vitro effects of insulin, pharmacological inhibitors of Fak, MEK/Erk, and PI3-K/Akt, and integrin (β1, β4)-blocking antibodies on the survival of the well-established human Caco-2 enterocyte-like and HIEC-6 cryptlike cell models. In addition, relative expression levels of six Bcl-2 homologs (Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Mcl-1, Bax, Bak, and Bad) and activation levels of Fak, Erk-2, and Akt were analyzed. Herein, we report that 1) the enterocytic differentiation process results in the establishment of distinct profiles of Bcl-2 homolog expression levels, as well as p125Fak, p42Erk-2, and p57Aktactivated levels; 2) the inhibition of Fak, of the MEK/Erk pathway, or of PI3-K, have distinct impacts on enterocytic cell survival in undifferentiated (subconfluent Caco-2, confluent HIEC-6) and differentiated (30 days postconfluent Caco-2) cells; 3) exposure to insulin and the inhibition of Fak, MEK, and PI3-K resulted in differentiation state-distinct modulations in the expression of each Bcl-2 homolog analyzed; and 4) Fak, β1 and β4 integrins, as well as the MEK/Erk and PI3-K/Akt pathways, are distinctively involved in cell survival depending on the state of cell differentiation. Taken together, these data indicate that human intestinal epithelial cell survival is regulated according to differentiation state-specific control mechanisms.

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Oscillatory Alpha-Band Mechanisms and the Deployment of Spatial Attention to Anticipated Auditory and Visual Target Locations: Supramodal or Sensory-Specific Control Mechanisms?

Journal of Neuroscience ◽

10.1523/jneurosci.4660-10.2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 31 (27) ◽

pp. 9923-9932 ◽

Cited By ~ 131

Author(s):

S. Banerjee ◽

A. C. Snyder ◽

S. Molholm ◽

J. J. Foxe

Keyword(s):

Spatial Attention ◽

Visual Target ◽

Control Mechanisms ◽

Alpha Band ◽

Target Locations ◽

Specific Control

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Investigating Modality-Specific Control Mechanisms With a Temporal Flanker Task

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e527312012-373 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Hillary Schwarb ◽

Eliot Hazeltine ◽

Eric H. Schumacher ◽

Travis L. Seymour

Keyword(s):

Flanker Task ◽

Control Mechanisms ◽

Specific Control

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Domain-specific control mechanisms for emotional and nonemotional conflict processing

Cognition ◽

10.1016/j.cognition.2012.10.004 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 126 (2) ◽

pp. 234-245 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Alexander Soutschek ◽

Torsten Schubert

Keyword(s):

Control Mechanisms ◽

Conflict Processing ◽

Domain Specific ◽

Specific Control

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A Tailored Participatory Action Research for FOSS Communities

10.20944/preprints202006.0218.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Adam Alami ◽

Peter Axel Nielsen ◽

Andrzej Wasowski

Keyword(s):

Operating System ◽

Quality Assurance ◽

Action Research ◽

Participatory Action Research ◽

Open Source ◽

Control Mechanisms ◽

Participatory Action ◽

Established Method ◽

Robot Operating System ◽

Specific Control

Participatory Action Research (PAR) is an established method to implement change in organizations. However, it cannot be applied in the open source (FOSS) communities, without adaptation to their particularities, especially to the specific control mechanisms developed in FOSS. FOSS communities are self-managed, and rely on consensus to reach decisions. This study proposes a PAR framework specifically tailored to FOSS communities. We successfully applied the framework to implement a set of quality assurance interventions in the Robot Operating System community. The framework we proposed is composed of three components, interventions design, democratization, and execution. We believe that this process will work for other FOSS communities too. We have learned that changing a particular aspect of a FOSS community is arduous. To achieve success the change must rally the community around it for support and attract motivated volunteers to implement the interventions.

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How Digital Market Hosts Control Sellers

34th Bled eConference Digital Support from Crisis to Progressive Change: Conference Proceedings ◽

10.18690/978-961-286-485-9.16 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shraddha Danani ◽

◽

Janis L. Gogan ◽

Keyword(s):

Control Mechanisms ◽

Digital Platforms ◽

Informal Controls ◽

Control Options ◽

Specific Control

How do hosts of digital markets exercise control over sellers? Our three-case study, set in India, reveals that seller control portfolios used by large digital market hosts differ from control portfolios in other contexts (reported in prior research). The platform host neither preselects nor hires most sellers; this limits hosts’ control options. The platform supports many shortduration transactions, yet some related processes take place offline – again limiting hosts’ control options. In this context of many-sellers, many-buyers, digital market hosts (similar to other controllers) attempt to balance formal and informal controls. By identifying specific control mechanisms that hosts utilize, our study findings provide a useful foundation to support further research on control challenges in digital markets and other digital platforms.

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