Lactobacillus plantarum inhibits the transepithelial neutrophil migration induced by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) infection in vitro

Diarrheal disease is still the most prevalent and important public health problem in developing countries, despite advances in knowledge, understanding, and management that have occurred over recent years. Diarrhea is the leading cause of death in children under 5 years of age. The impact of diarrheal diseases is more severe in the earliest periods of life, when taking into account both the numbers of episodes per year and hospital admission rates. This narrative review focuses on one of the major driving forces that attack the host, namely the enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and the consequences that generate malnutrition in an early phase of life. EPEC serotypes form dense microcolonies on the surface of tissue-culture cells in a pattern known as localized adherence (LA). When EPEC strains adhere to epithelial cells in vitro or in vivo they cause characteristic changes known as Attaching and Effacement (A/E) lesions. Surface abnormalities of the small intestinal mucosa shown by scanning electron microscopy in infants with persistent diarrhea, although non-specific, are intense enough to justify the severity of the clinical aspects displayed in a very young phase in life. Decrease in number and height of microvilli, blunting of borders of enterocytes, loss of the glycocalyx, shortening of villi and presence of a mucus pseudomembrane coating the mucosal surface were the abnormalities observed in the majority of patients. These ultrastructural derangements may be due to an association of the enteric enteropathogenic agent that triggers the diarrheic process and the onset of food intolerance responsible for perpetuation of diarrhea. An aggressive therapeutic approach based on appropriate nutritional support, especially the utilization of human milk and/or lactose-free protein hydrolyzate-based formulas and the adequate correction of the fecal losses, is required to allow complete recovery from the damage caused by this devastating enteropathogenic agent.

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CAPACIDAD PROBIÓTICA DE BACTERIAS LÁCTICAS AISLADAS DE CHICHA DE MOLLE

Revista de la Sociedad Química del Perú ◽

10.37761/rsqp.v83i4.212 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 83 (4) ◽

pp. 391-402

Author(s):

Jhanina Rodríguez Carrasco ◽

Paula García-Godos Alcázar

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽

Leuconostoc Mesenteroides

La investigación tuvo como objetivos aislar e identificar bacterias lácticas (BAL), evaluar la capacidad probiótica in vitro e in vivo de bacterias lácticas aisladas de chicha de molle, para ello se muestreó chichas de molle elaboradas artesanalmente de las provincias de Huanta y Huamanga, aislando 55 cepas BAL e identificando a Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus maltaromicus y Leuconostoc mesenteroides en base a la coloración Gram, producción de gas, gluconato y fermentación de azúcares. Para evaluar la capacidad probiótica in vitro se realizaron pruebas de antagonismo entre BAL con cuatro microorganismos patógenos (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Staphylococus aureus ATCC 25923 y Candida albicans ATCC 90028), mostrándose que 14 de las 55 cepas BAL producen sustancias inhibitorias de amplio espectro; asimismo, se evaluó la capacidad de tolerancia a condiciones gastrointestinales de cepas BAL, realizando ensayos a diferentes pHs , diferentes concentraciones de sales biliares y extracto gástrico artificial, resultando 25 cepas BAL con capacidad de tolerancia gastrointestinal y se seleccionaron cuatro cepas con mayor diámetro de halos de inhibición y cepas tolerantes a condiciones gastrointestinales siendo las cepas: BL-1 (Lactobacillus plantarum), BL-26 (Lactobacillus maltaromicus), BL-27 (Lactobacillus plantarum) y BL-53 (Lactobacillus maltaromicus), a las cuales se evaluaron la capacidad probiótica in vivo en 20 ratas para luego realizar recuento de BAL en el intestino a los 21 días, encontrándose en el grupo de estudio con BAL a 60x1019 UFC/ mL, mientras en el tratamiento con BAL más yacón a 25x1024 UFC/mL y los tratamientos de yacón y control a 50x1014 UFC/mL de BAL obteniéndose una de ganancia de peso en ratas en el grupo de estudio de BAL más yacón de 46 g, mientras con bacterias lácticas se tuvo 24 g y 16 g en el grupo control y extracto de yacón. En consecuencia esta investigación demuestra que la toma diaria de bebidas fermentadas tradicionales favorece el incremento de Lactobacillus en la microbiota intestinal.

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Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes by Lactobacillus plantarum is abolished by food intake, in an in vitro simulation of the pig colon

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200598160 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 1998 ◽

pp. 164-164

Author(s):

K. Hillman ◽

R. Khaddour ◽

D. R. Fenlon

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Food Intake ◽

Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽

Enteric Pathogen ◽

Intestinal Health ◽

Microbial Cultures ◽

In Vitro Simulation ◽

Physiological Differences

Probiotics are live microbial cultures fed to animals with the intention of promoting intestinal health. However, one of the problems with these preparations is the variability in their effectiveness, reasons for which include genetic and physiological differences between herds of animals or between individuals, and the type of feed presented to the animals. This study has examined the effects of different food types on the efficacy of a strain of Lactobacillus plantarum as an inhibitor of Listeria monocytogenes. The strain of L. plantarum used (PF31) has been previously shown to inhibit the growth of the porcine enteric pathogen Escherichia coli O 149:K88:K91 in coculture (Hillman and Fox, 1994). In a subsequent series of tests, L. plantarum PF31 was also shown to inhibit the growth of List, monocytogenes in coculture.

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Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes by Lactobacillus plantarum is abolished by food intake, in an in vitro simulation of the pig colon

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0308229600033778 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 1998 ◽

pp. 164-164

Author(s):

K. Hillman ◽

R. Khaddour ◽

D. R. Fenlon

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Food Intake ◽

Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽

Enteric Pathogen ◽

Intestinal Health ◽

Microbial Cultures ◽

In Vitro Simulation ◽

Physiological Differences

Probiotics are live microbial cultures fed to animals with the intention of promoting intestinal health. However, one of the problems with these preparations is the variability in their effectiveness, reasons for which include genetic and physiological differences between herds of animals or between individuals, and the type of feed presented to the animals. This study has examined the effects of different food types on the efficacy of a strain of Lactobacillus plantarum as an inhibitor of Listeria monocytogenes. The strain of L. plantarum used (PF31) has been previously shown to inhibit the growth of the porcine enteric pathogen Escherichia coli O 149:K88:K91 in coculture (Hillman and Fox, 1994). In a subsequent series of tests, L. plantarum PF31 was also shown to inhibit the growth of List, monocytogenes in coculture.

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Localized adherence by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli is an inducible phenotype associated with the expression of new outer membrane proteins.

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.174.5.1167 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 174 (5) ◽

pp. 1167-1177 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

J Vuopio-Varkila ◽

G K Schoolnik

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Membrane Proteins ◽

Outer Membrane ◽

De Novo ◽

Outer Membrane Proteins ◽

Temporal Correlation ◽

Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽

E Coli

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli grow as discrete colonies on the mucous membranes of the small intestine. A similar pattern can be demonstrated in vitro; termed localized adherence (LA), it is characterized by the presence of circumscribed clusters of bacteria attached to the surfaces of cultured epithelial cells. The LA phenotype was studied using B171, an O111:NM enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strain, and HEp-2 cell monolayers. LA could be detected 30-60 min after exposure of HEp-2 cells to B171. However, bacteria transferred from infected HEp-2 cells to fresh monolayers exhibited LA within 15 min, indicating that LA is an inducible phenotype. Induction of the LA phenotype was found to be associated with de novo protein synthesis and changes in the outer membrane proteins, including the production of a new 18.5-kD polypeptide. A partial NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of this polypeptide was obtained and showed it to be identical through residue 12 to the recently described bundle-forming pilus subunit of EPEC. Expression of the 18.5-kD polypeptide required the 57-megadalton enteropathogenic E. coli adherence plasmid previously shown to be required for the LA phenotype in vitro and full virulence in vivo. This observation, the correspondence of the 18.5-kD polypeptide to an EPEC-specific pilus protein, and the temporal correlation of its expression with the development of the LA phenotype suggest that it may contribute to the EPEC colonial mode of growth.

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