Are Pain Nerve Fibers Present in the Vagus Nerves?

1949 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1005-1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I. Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Vagus Nerves

Endings of the vagus nerve fibers in the mammalian heart

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 622-623
Author(s):  
B. I. Lavrent'ev
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Mammalian Heart ◽  
Cardiac Ganglia ◽  
Important Study ◽  
Spiral Fibers

In 1893, Prof. V.V. Nikolaev, having cut vagus nerves of a frog, saw under a microscope degeneration of so-called spiral fibers and pericellular apparatuses on nerve cells of intracardiac nodes. Later these observations were thoroughly verified by Prof. D.V. Polumordvinov and fully confirmed by him. I had a chance to look through amazing by technique preparations of the late Prof. Polumordvinov, obtained by methylene blue method, on which decay of pericellular apparatuses in cardiac ganglia of a frog was absolutely clearly visible. D. V-ch, who died untimely in 1919, unfortunately, did not have time to publish in detail his important study; the manuscript and drawings of his work also remained undiscovered.

GRP-producing nerves control antral somatostatin and gastrin secretion in pigs

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (6) ◽  
pp. G767-G774 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Holst ◽  
S. Knuhtsen ◽  
C. Orskov ◽  
T. Skak-Nielsen ◽  
S. S. Poulsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Antral Mucosa ◽  
Nerve Supply ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Vagus Stimulation ◽  
Gastrin Secretion ◽  
Stimulation Of

By immunohistochemistry, nerve fibers containing gastrin-releasing polypeptide (GRP)-like immunoreactivity were identified close to the somatostatin (SS)-producing cells of the gastric antral mucosa. We, therefore, studied the possible role of GRP in the control of antral SS secretion by use of isolated perfused pig antrum with intact vagus nerve supply. Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves at 4 Hz increased the antral release of GRP up to 10-fold and increased SS output 2- to 3-fold. Atropine at 10(-6) M had no effect on these responses. Intra-arterial GRP increased SS secretion significantly at 10(-10) M and eightfold at 10(-8) M, whereas gastrin secretion was stimulated significantly at 10(-11) M and maximally at 10(-10) M and inhibited at 10(-8) M. Preperfusion with a GRP antagonist ([D-Arg1,D-Pro2,D-Trp7,9,Leu11]substance P) or Fab fragments of antibodies against GRP abolished the effects of vagus stimulation on gastrin and somatostatin output. Gastrin in concentrations up to 10(-7) M was without effect on SS secretion. We conclude that electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves increases antral SS gastrin secretion and that GRP is a likely transmitter.

Function of the Hyperpolarization-Activated Inward Rectification in Nonmyelinated Peripheral Rat and Human Axons

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 421-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Grafe ◽  
Stefan Quasthoff ◽  
Julian Grosskreutz ◽  
Christian Alzheimer
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Sural Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Stimulation Frequency ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Inward Rectification ◽  
Organ Bath ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Membrane Hyperpolarization ◽  
Threshold Electrotonus

Grafe, Peter, Stefan Quasthoff, Julian Grosskreutz, and Christian Alzheimer. Function of the hyperpolarization-activated inward rectification in nonmyelinated peripheral rat and human axons. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 421–426, 1997. The function of time-dependent, hyperpolarization-activated inward rectification was analyzed on compound potentials of nonmyelinated axons in the mammalian peripheral nervous system. Isolated rat vagus nerves and fascicles of biopsied human sural nerve were tested in a three-chambered, Vaseline-gap organ bath at 37°C. Inward rectification was assessed by recording the effects of long-lasting hyperpolarizing currents on electrical excitability with the use of the method of threshold electrotonus (program QTRAC, copyright Institute of Neurology, London, UK) and by measuring activity-dependent changes in conduction velocity and membrane potential. Prominent time-dependent, cesium-sensitive inward rectification was revealed in rat vagus and human sural nerve by recording threshold electrotonus to 200-ms hyperpolarizing current pulses. A slowing of compound action potential conduction was observed during a gradual increase in the stimulation frequency from 0.1 to 3 Hz. Above a stimulation frequency of 0.3 Hz, this slowing of conduction was enhanced during bath application of 1 mM cesium. Cesium did not alter action potential waveforms during stimulation at frequencies <1 Hz. Cesium-induced slowing in action potential conduction was correlated with membrane hyperpolarization. The hyperpolarization by cesium was stronger during higher stimulation frequencies and small in unstimulated nerves. These data show that a cesium-sensitive, time-dependent inward rectification in peripheral rat and human nonmyelinated nerve fibers limits the slowing in conduction seen in such axons at action potential frequencies higher than ∼0.3 Hz.

scholarly journals Sympathetic nerve fibers in human cervical and thoracic vagus nerves

Heart Rhythm ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1411-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsuko Seki ◽  
Hunter R. Green ◽  
Thomas D. Lee ◽  
LongSheng Hong ◽  
Jian Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Fibers

scholarly journals Sympathetic nerve fibers and ganglia in canine cervical vagus nerves: Localization and quantitation

Heart Rhythm ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Onkka ◽  
Waddah Maskoun ◽  
Kyoung-Suk Rhee ◽  
Jessica Hellyer ◽  
Jheel Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Fibers

After potentials in nonmyelinated nerve fibers

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 860-873 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jirounek ◽  
E. Chardonnens ◽  
P. C. Brunet
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Delayed Rectifier ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
Single Action ◽  
Gap Technique ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Voltage Dependent ◽  
Single Spike ◽  
K Current ◽  
Sucrose Gap

1. The sucrose-gap technique was employed to examine the different types of after potentials that follow, in desheathed rabbit vagus nerves, a single action potential (AP) elicited by a short (0.4 ms) supramaximal depolarizing pulse. 2. A fast and a slow hyperpolarizing after potential (fHAP and sHAP) as well as a depolarizing after potential (DAP) followed a single spike. Both the fHAP and the sHAP showed a dependence on the K+ electrochemical gradient, indicating that they are due to an outwardly oriented current of K+ ions. 3. The fHAP was sensitive to low concentrations of tetraethylammonium (TEA; 1 mM) and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 10 microM) and to millimolar concentrations of Ba2+. We conclude that the fHAP reflects the tail of the delayed rectifier K+ current. 4. The sHAP contained a Ca(2+)-sensitive component that showed a requirement for voltage-dependent Ca2+ entry during the AP. This component was completely blocked by low concentration of TEA (1 mM) and by Cd2+ (1 mM), but unaffected by 4-AP. These observations suggest that it reflects a current flowing through Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels. The remaining, apparently Ca(2+)-insensitive, component was insensitive to 4-AP and could be blocked by TEA only at concentrations greater than 50 mM. 5. The DAP usually appeared when the external concentration of K+ was increased to above approximately 8 mM, but sometimes it was clearly visible even at lower [K+]o. The DAP was TEA insensitive and entirely Ca2+ dependent. This latter property is inconsistent with the widely accepted hypothesis according to which the DAP reflect the accumulation of K+ in the extracellular space during the AP. 6. The origins of both the Ca(2+)-insensitive component of the sHAP and the DAP are not clear. However, in view of the fact that the sucrose-gap technique records not only the membrane potential of the nerve fibers but also of the surrounding glia, there is the possibility that these after potentials reflect changes in the electrical properties of the satellite Schwann cells.

Some Biological Applications of High Voltage Electron Microscopy

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 298-299
Author(s):  
Hans Ris
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Chromosome Structure ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Good Resolution ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
University Of Wisconsin ◽  
High Voltage Electron ◽  
One Year ◽  
The University

The High Voltage Electron Microscope Laboratory at the University of Wisconsin has been in operation a little over one year. I would like to give a progress report about our experience with this new technique. The achievement of good resolution with thick specimens has been mainly exploited so far. A cold stage which will allow us to look at frozen specimens and a hydration stage are now being installed in our microscope. This will soon make it possible to study undehydrated specimens, a particularly exciting application of the high voltage microscope.Some of the problems studied at the Madison facility are: Structure of kinetoplast and flagella in trypanosomes (J. Paulin, U. of Georgia); growth cones of nerve fibers (R. Hannah, U. of Georgia Medical School); spiny dendrites in cerebellum of mouse (Scott and Guillery, Anatomy, U. of Wis.); spindle of baker's yeast (Joan Peterson, Madison) spindle of Haemanthus (A. Bajer, U. of Oregon, Eugene) chromosome structure (Hans Ris, U. of Wisconsin, Madison). Dr. Paulin and Dr. Hanna are reporting their work separately at this meeting and I shall therefore not discuss it here.

Fine Structure of Planarian Neuroglial Cell

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 188-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michio Morita ◽  
Jay Boyd Best
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Ventral Nerve Cord ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Golgi Body ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Neuroglial Cell ◽  
Glutaraldehyde Solution ◽  
Deep Indentation ◽  
Cytoplasmic Processes ◽  
Longitudinal Nerve

The species of the planarian Dugesia dorotocephala was used as the experimental animal to study a neuroglial cell in the ventral nerve cord. Animals were fixed with 3% buffered glutaraldehyde solution and postfixed with 1% buffered osmium tetroxide.The neuroglial cell is multipolar, expanding into three or four cytoplasmic processes with many daughter branches. Some neuroglial processes are found to extend perpendicular to the longitudinal nerve fibers, whereas others are seen to be parallel to them. The nucleus of the neuroglial cell is irregular in shape and frequently has a deep indentation. Convex portions of the nucleus seem to be related to the areas from which cytoplasmic processes are extended. Granular endoplasmic reticulum (Fig. 4), Golgi body (Fig. 2), mitochondria (Figs. 1 and 2), microtubules (Fig. 4), and many glycogen granules are observable in the electron dense neuroglial cytoplasm. Neuroglial cells are also observed to contain various sizes of phagosomes and lipids (Fig. 2).

Interpreting HVEM of muscle-cell impulse networks

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-127
Author(s):  
Paul DeCosta ◽  
Kyugon Cho ◽  
Stephen Shemlon ◽  
Heesung Jun ◽  
Stanley M. Dunn
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Automatic Classification ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Analysis Algorithm ◽  
Structural Networks

Introduction: The analysis and interpretation of electron micrographs of cells and tissues, often requires the accurate extraction of structural networks, which either provide immediate 2D or 3D information, or from which the desired information can be inferred. The images of these structures contain lines and/or curves whose orientation, lengths, and intersections characterize the overall network.Some examples exist of studies that have been done in the analysis of networks of natural structures. In, Sebok and Roemer determine the complexity of nerve structures in an EM formed slide. Here the number of nodes that exist in the image describes how dense nerve fibers are in a particular region of the skin. Hildith proposes a network structural analysis algorithm for the automatic classification of chromosome spreads (type, relative size and orientation).

The innervation of toad lymph hearts: An ultrastructural study

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 898-899
Author(s):  
A.M. Pucci ◽  
C. Fruschelli ◽  
A. Rebuffat ◽  
M. Guarna ◽  
C. Alessandrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Lymph Heart ◽  
Muscular Pump ◽  
Structure And Ultrastructure ◽  
Heart Wall

Amphibians have paired muscular pump organs, called “lymph heart”, which rhythmically pump back the lymph from the large subcutaneous lymph sacs into the veins. The structure and ultrastructure of these organs is well known but to date there is a lack of information about the innervation of lymph hearts. Therefore has been carried out an ultrastructural study in order to study the distribution of the nerve fibers, and the morphology of the neuromuscular junctions in the lymph heart wall.

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