scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF ADRENALECTOMY, ADRENAL CORTICAL HORMONES, AND TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE PLUS ADRENAL CORTICAL EXTRACT ON THE ARGINASE ACTIVITY OF THE LIVER AND KIDNEY OF THE RAT

1947 ◽  
Vol 169 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Charles D. Kochakian ◽  
Virginia N. Vail
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Arginase Activity ◽  
Liver And Kidney

scholarly journals Evaluation of optimal conditions for arginase activity in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Erisir ◽  
E. Ercel ◽  
S. Yilmaz ◽  
S. Ozan
Keyword(s):  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Arginase Activity ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Ph Profile ◽  
Optimum Ph ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
And Control ◽  
Assay Conditions

The assay conditions needed to achieve maximal activity of liver and kidney arginase in diabetic and non-diabetic rats were investigated and compared. The physicochemical and kinetic properties of liver arginase in diabetic and control rats were very similar, those of kidney arginase were significantly different. It was found that preincubation temperature (68&deg;C), preincubation period (20 min), optimum pH (10.1) of liver arginase and K<sub>m</sub> (3.2) for its substrate, L-arginine, did not change in diabetic and non-diabetic rats. As a consequence of diabetes, the optimum Mn<sup>2+</sup> concentration for liver arginase only changed from 1 to 2 mM. Although the preincubation temperature and period for activation of kidney arginase in control rats was unnecessary, they were found to be 56&ordm;C and 12 min in diabetic rats. The pH profile of arginase in kidney of diabetic rats was different from that of control rats. The K<sub>m</sub> value (6.7) of arginase for L-arginine in kidney is unchanged in diabetes whereas a marked decrease in V<sub>max</sub> was found. Optimum Mn<sup>2+</sup> concentration (2 mM) for kidney arginase was unchanged in diabetes. The activity of arginase in liver of diabetic animals was higher 1.5 to 1.7 times than that of controls. Diabetes caused an about 53% decrease of arginase activity in kidney of female rats, 26% in that of males. These findings may suggest an idea that encoded arginases by separate gene loci may be affected differently by the pathological and hormonal status.

scholarly journals Different mechanisms of regulation of nuclear reduced nicotinamide–adenine dinucleotide phosphate-dependent 3-oxo steroid 5α-reductase activity in rat liver, kidney and prostate

1974 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan-Åke Gustafsson ◽  
Åke Pousette
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Hydroxy Steroid

The regulatory mechanisms involved in the control of the nuclear NADPH-dependent 3-ketosteroid 5α-reductase (5α-reductase) activity were studied in liver, kidney and prostate. The substrate used was [1,2-3H]androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (androstenedione) (for liver and kidney) or [4-14C]androstenedione (for prostate). The hepatic nuclear 5α-reductase activity was greater in female than in male rats, was greater in adult than in prepubertal female rats, increased after castration of male rats, but was not affected by treatment with testosterone propionate or oestradiol benzoate. These regulatory characteristics are in part different from those previously described for the hepatic microsomal 5α-reductase. The renal nuclear metabolism of androstenedione, i.e. 5α reduction and 17β-hydroxy steroid reduction, was relatively unaffected by sex, age, castration and treatment with testosterone propionate. However, treatment of castrated male rats with oestradiol benzoate led to a significant increase in the 5α-reductase activity and a significant decrease in the 17β-hydroxy steroid reductase activity. Finally, the nuclear 5α-reductase activity in prostate was androgen-dependent, decreasing after castration and increasing after treatment with testosterone propionate. In conclusion, the nuclear 5α-reductase activities in liver, kidney and prostate seem to be under the control of distinctly different regulatory mechanisms. The hypothesis is presented that whereas the prostatic nuclear 5α-reductase participates in the formation of a physiologically active androgen, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, this may not be the true function of the nuclear 5α-reductase in liver and kidney. These enzymes might rather serve to protect the androgen target sites in the chromatin from active androgens (e.g. testosterone) by transforming them into less active androgens (e.g. 5α-androstane-3,17-dione and/or 5α-dihydrotestosterone).

Synergism of testosterone propionate with growth hormone in promoting growth of hypophysectomized rats: effect of sexual differentiation

1990 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Klindt ◽  
J. J. Ford ◽  
G. J. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Differentiation ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Synergistic Response ◽  
Rates Of Growth

ABSTRACT The effect of testosterone propionate (TP), alone and in combination with porcine GH, on the growth of hypophysectomized rats was investigated. An initial study determined doses of TP and GH which would result in a synergistic response. Hypophysectomized male rats, approximately 40 days of age, received GH at doses of 5, 25 and 62·5 μg/day administered in two injections/day at 08.00 and 16.00 h. At all doses of GH, administration of TP at 100 μg/day significantly enhanced the GH-stimulated rate of growth. This growth enhancement by TP was greatest in combination with GH at 25 μg/day. In a subsequent study, growth responses to 25 μg GH/day and 100 μg TP/day were examined in animals with differing degrees of sexual differentiation. Sex groups were: intact males, males castrated at 11 days of age and females administered 100 μg TP at 3 days of age (masculinized rats), and males castrated at 2 days of age and normal females (non-masculinized rats). In all sex groups, growth of hypophysectomized rats was stimulated by GH. Genetic sex and masculinization did not influence the response to GH. Masculinized hypophysectomized rats exhibited significantly greater rates of growth and final live, empty body, liver and kidney weights than non-masculinized hypophysectomized rats. All sex groups other than normal females responded synergistically to the combination treatment of GH plus TP. Rats that experienced neonatal exposure to testosterone became programmed to respond to testosterone and demonstrated greater rates of growth and body and organ weights when administered the combination of GH plus TP. These data indicate that TP synergizes with GH to promote growth of hypophysectomized rats appropriately programmed to respond. The ability to manifest a synergistic response is a differentiated trait dependent upon exposure to testosterone during the appropriate period of development. The time of differentiation of this ability to respond to testosterone occurs earlier than that for differentiation of body growth. Journal of Endocrinology (1990) 127, 249–256

Testosterone propionate and arginase activity in diabetic rats

1952 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles D. Kochakian ◽  
Phyllis M. Wright ◽  
Evangeline Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Arginase Activity

scholarly journals Molecular charcteristics of chicken kidney arginase

1975 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Traniello ◽  
R Barsacchi ◽  
E Magri ◽  
E Grazi
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Specificity ◽  
Arginase Activity ◽  
Chicken Liver ◽  
Mitochondrial Matrix ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Chicken Kidney ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Regulatory Significance

Chicken kidney contains two arginases with different sedimentation coefficients and substrate specificity. The ligher of these arginases, which hydrolyses only L-arginine, has been purified about 3000-fold. Like the “ureotelic” arginase, developed in chicken liver after starvation, it displays many of the properties of the arginase of the “ureotelic” species. This seems to exclude the possibility that ureotelism and uricotelism are characterized by a specific type of arginases. Both liver and kidney arginases are located in the mitochondrial matrix. The rate of hydrolysis of arginine thus not only depends on the arginase activity but also on the rate of transport of arginine into the matrix. This last process therefore is of regulatory significance.

Influence of androgens on the transaminases and glutamic dehydrogenase of tissues

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles D. Kochakian ◽  
Barbara R. Endahl ◽  
Gerald L. Endahl
Keyword(s):  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Glutamic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Aspartic-glutamic and alanine-glutamic transaminase activities of the kidney and heart of the rat and mouse change in direct proportion with the changes in weight produced by castration and testosterone. The transaminase activities of the rat but not the mouse liver are decreased by castration and restored to normal by testosterone propionate administration. The glutamic dehydrogenase activity of the liver and kidney of the rat and the mouse is not altered by castration or androgen administration. An increase of the kidney weight above normal size by androgen, however, is accompanied by a proportionate increase in the enzyme.

Acetaminophen: Neonatal hepatotoxicity due to late pregnancy exposure

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 718-719
Author(s):  
G.A. Miranda ◽  
M.A. Arroyo ◽  
C.A. Lucio ◽  
M. Mongeotti ◽  
S.S. Poolsawat
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Fetal Liver ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Neonatal Liver ◽  
Childbearing Women

Exposure to drugs and toxic chemicals, during late pregnancy, is a common occurrence in childbearing women. Some studies have reported that more than 90% of pregnant women use at least 1 prescription; of this, 60% used more than one. Another study indicated that 80% of the consumed drugs were not prescribed, and of this figure, 95% were “over-the-counter” drugs. Acetaminophen, the safest of all over-the-counter drugs, has been reported to induce fetal liver necrosis in man and animals and to have abortifacient and embryocidal action in mice. This study examines the degree to which acetaminophen affects the neonatal liver and kidney, when a fatty diet is simultaneously fed to the mother during late pregnancy.Timed Swiss Webster female mice were gavaged during late pregnancy (days 16-19) with fat suspended acetaminophen at a high dose, HD = 84.50 mg/kg, and a low dose, LD = 42.25 mg/kg; a control group received fat alone.

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