A Study on Evaluation of Alkaline and Acid Phosphatase Isozymes During Different Developmental Stages of New Breeding Lines and Races of Bombyx mori L

It is interesting to note that different silkworm races reared in laboratory offer an important testing ground for the application of biochemical methods to taxonomic problems. Moreover, there is scarcity of knowledge on enzyme studies in new breeding lines and races of silkworm specially Bombyx mori L. Therefore, we designed the present study with the main goal to evaluate the activities of alkaline and acid phosphatases quantitatively during different developmental stages of new breeding lines and races viz. Kalimpong-A (KA), B18, Pure Mysore (PM), evolved R1 and R2 of Bombyx mori L. Quantitative estimations of in alkaline and acid phosphatases were expressed in terms of enzyme activity. Alkaline and acid phosphatase activities during the different developmental stages of KA, NB18, PM, evolved R1 & R2 races were determined using Sodium-1 naphthahyl phosphate as a substrate following the dye-coupling method. The assay mixture included 2 ml of substrate and 0.2 ml of enzyme extract and incubation was made for 30 minutes at 25°c. The reaction was stopped by adding 2 ml of post coupling solution (5 parts of 4% sodium dodecyl sulphate and 2 parts of 0.2% Fast red TR salt) and colorimetric determination were made at 540 nm. Results illustrated that the activity of phosphatases was found to be different and high activity was found in the larval stage, which is feeding stage followed by pupae.

Phosphorus content and distribution and the activity of phosphatases in Arenosols in a forest affected by long-term exposure to the effects of the Anwil S.A. nitrogen works in Włocławek

This paper presents the results of research examining the soil content of total and available phosphorus (PE-R), taking into consideration the activity of alkaline and acid phosphatases. For this study, three soil profiles were sampled in Arenosols at a distance of 0.8, 2.0 and 2.5 km from a nitrogen fertiliser manufacturer, Anwil S.A. A control profile was taken from the Tuchola Forest. The soils’ reaction ranged from acidic to very acidic. The humus content in the surface horizons of the sampled profiles was average (1.26–2.61%). The lowest PE-R content was found in the profile taken closest (0.8 km – profile I) to the factory. The distribution index (DI) calculated for available phosphorus pointed towards moderate accumulation, whilst at the same time, the availability index (IM) confirmed low availability, especially in profile I. The activity of alkaline and acid phosphatases, which are the enzymes responsible for phosphorus transformation in the soil, varied depending on the distance from the nitrogen works. The inhibition of alkaline phosphomonoesterases and the stimulation of acid esterases, which were both connected to the examined soil reaction, were observed. The activity of phosphatases, as well as total and available phosphorus content, decreased steeply along the soil profiles. Furthermore, a significant correlation between organic carbon and the activity of alkaline and acid phosphatases (r = 0.94, p < 0.05 and r = 0.67, p < 0.05, respectively), as well as between the content of PE-R and the activity of alkaline phosphatase (r = 0.67, p < 0.05) were recorded. The results suggest the need for further research and monitoring of the Arenosols in the forest affected by the nitrogen works.

Soil microbial activity as influenced by compaction and straw mulching

Soil microbial activity as influenced by compaction and straw mulchingField study was performed on Haplic Luvisol soil to determine the effects of soil compaction and straw mulching on microbial parameters of soil under soybean. Treatments with different compaction were established on unmulched and mulched with straw soil. The effect of soil compaction and straw mulching on the total bacteria number and activities of dehydrogenases, protease, alkaline and acid phosphatases was studied. The results of study indicated the decrease of enzymes activities in strongly compacted soil and their increase in medium compacted soil as compared to no-compacted treatment. Mulch application caused stimulation of the bacteria total number and enzymatic activity in the soil under all compaction levels. Compaction and mulch effects were significant for all analyzed microbial parameters (P<0.001).

Effect of Lochein on liver metabolism under acute intoxication caused by the paracetamol and D-galactosamine

Influence of original hepatoprotector lochein in comparison with influence of reference drug silimarin on metabolism of liver under acute intoxication caused in rats by the paracetamol or D -galactosamine was investigated in the given study. Lochein decreased more effective than silimarin manifestations of hepatotoxicity of paracetamol and D -galactosamine, contributed to recovery of basic functions of liver: it decreased blood activity of aminotranferases, alkaline and acid phosphatases, concentration of common bilirubin, activated its binding with glucuronic acid, brought protein and lipids to normal levels, prevented formation of products of lipid peroxidationproducts in the liver.