On the flow through the human female urethra

1997 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 967-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B. Bush ◽  
P.E. Papa Petros ◽  
B.R. Barrett-Lennard
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  

This article is about women and girls and the potential for major changes. I begin with two premises: first, the urethrovaginal gland (UVG) and its secretion, amrita, are critical elements of being a human female; and, second, there is a genetic underpinning to the robustness of UVG activity and its contribution to sexual satisfaction. The anticipation is that, in addition to facilitating women’s sexual satisfaction both through raising awareness and identifying geneticbased pharmaceuticals, we might also modestly enhance medical care and biomedical research endeavors relevant to human female sexual anatomy and physiology. However, there is substantial, almost uniform ignorance, reticence and untoward prejudice among medical professionals-both clinicians and researchers-that has compromised innumerable girls and women. Most important has been the ubiquitous incorrect presumption that the only fluid to pass through-or issue from-the female urethra is urine. The source of the other important urethral effluent, amrita, is the UVG (sometimes known as the Skene gland), but the UVG has most often been considered a fiction, a myth or irrelevant. Thus, its secretion, amrita, has similarly been considered a fiction, myth or irrelevant. Only one venue has openly acknowledged and exploited amrita: the adult movie industry. However, such endorsement predictably added to the rationales for making light of or ignoring this aspect of femininity.


2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime T. Kummeling ◽  
Jeroen T. Buijs ◽  
Lambertus J. Wisse ◽  
Janneke I. Uhm ◽  
Henk W. Elzevier ◽  
...  

1999 ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kossen M. Ho ◽  
Lars Ny ◽  
Karl-Erik Andersson ◽  
Alison F. Brading ◽  
Jeremy G. Noble

1987 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
pp. 1250-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Anthony Di Sant’Agnese ◽  
Karen L. De Mesy Jensen

1988 ◽  
Vol 139 (3) ◽  
pp. 532-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alistair Carlile ◽  
Ioan Davies ◽  
A. Rigby ◽  
J.C. Brocklehurst

1985 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Zaviačič ◽  
Miroslav Brozman ◽  
Mária Zajíčková ◽  
Jana Blažeková ◽  
Jana Oberučová

Author(s):  
Mai M. Said ◽  
Ramesh K. Nayak ◽  
Randall E. McCoy

Burgos and Wislocki described changes in the mucosa of the guinea pig uterus, cervix and vagina during the estrous cycle investigated by transmission electron microscopy. More recently, Moghissi and Reame reported the effects of progestational agents on the human female reproductive tract. They found drooping and shortening of cilia in norgestrel and norethindrone- treated endometria. To the best of our knowledge, no studies concerning the effects of mestranol and norethindrone given concurrently on the three-dimensional surface features on the uterine mucosa of the guinea pig have been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mestranol and norethindrone on surface ultrastructure of guinea pig uterus by SEM.Seventy eight animals were used in this study. They were allocated into two groups. Group 1 (20 animals) was injected intramuscularly 0.1 ml vegetable oil and served as controls.


Author(s):  
Richard L. Leino ◽  
Jon G. Anderson ◽  
J. Howard McCormick

Groups of 12 fathead minnows were exposed for 129 days to Lake Superior water acidified (pH 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 or 6.5) with reagent grade H2SO4 by means of a multichannel toxicant system for flow-through bioassays. Untreated water (pH 7.5) had the following properties: hardness 45.3 ± 0.3 (95% confidence interval) mg/1 as CaCO3; alkalinity 42.6 ± 0.2 mg/1; Cl- 0.03 meq/1; Na+ 0.05 meq/1; K+ 0.01 meq/1; Ca2+ 0.68 meq/1; Mg2+ 0.26 meq/1; dissolved O2 5.8 ± 0.3 mg/1; free CO2 3.2 ± 0.4 mg/1; T= 24.3 ± 0.1°C. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd gills were subsequently processed for LM (methacrylate), TEM and SEM respectively.Three changes involving chloride cells were correlated with increasing acidity: 1) the appearance of apical pits (figs. 2,5 as compared to figs. 1, 3,4) in chloride cells (about 22% of the chloride cells had pits at pH 5.0); 2) increases in their numbers and 3) increases in the % of these cells in the epithelium of the secondary lamellae.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document