The response of the grape berry moth (Lobesia botrana) to a dietary phytopathogenic fungus (Botrytis cinerea): the significance of fungus sterols

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (12) ◽  
pp. 1557-1564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Mondy ◽  
Marie-France Corio-Costet
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Lobesia Botrana ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus

scholarly journals Models Applied to Grapevine Pests: A Review

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Federico Lessio ◽  
Alberto Alma
Keyword(s):  
Lobesia Botrana ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Homalodisca Vitripennis ◽  
Flavescence Dorée ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Scaphoideus Titanus ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Biological Aspects ◽  
Definition Of

This paper reviews the existing predictive models concerning insects and mites harmful to grapevine. A brief conceptual description is given on the definition of a model and about different types of models: deterministic vs. stochastics, continuous vs. discrete, analytical vs. computer-based, and descriptive vs. data-driven. The main biological aspects of grapevine pests covered by different types of models are phenology, population growth and dynamics, species distribution, and invasion risk. A particular emphasis is put on forecasting epidemics of plant disease agents transmitted by insects with sucking-piercing mouthparts. The most investigated species or groups are the glassy-winged sharpshooter Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar) and other vectors of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa, a bacterium agent of Pierce’s disease; the European grape berry moth, Lobesia botrana (Denis and Schiffermuller); and the leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus Ball, the main vector of phytoplasmas agents of Flavescence dorée. Finally, the present and future of decision-support systems (DSS) in viticulture is discussed.

Molecular characterization of a novel endornavirus from the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea

2016 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangmin Hao ◽  
Ziliang Zhou ◽  
Mingde Wu ◽  
Guoqing Li
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization and Geographic Distribution of a Mymonavirus in the Population of Botrytis cinerea

Viruses ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangmin Hao ◽  
Mingde Wu ◽  
Guoqing Li
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Cdna Sequence ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Rna Dependent Rna Polymerase ◽  
Rdrp Domain ◽  
The Family ◽  
Reading Frames

Here, we characterized a negative single-stranded (−ss)RNA mycovirus, Botrytis cinerea mymonavirus 1 (BcMyV1), isolated from the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea. The genome of BcMyV1 is 7863 nt in length, possessing three open reading frames (ORF1–3). The ORF1 encodes a large polypeptide containing a conserved mononegaviral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain showing homology to the protein L of mymonaviruses, whereas the possible functions of the remaining two ORFs are still unknown. The internal cDNA sequence (10-7829) of BcMyV1 was 97.9% identical to the full-length cDNA sequence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum negative stranded RNA virus 7 (SsNSRV7), a virus-like contig obtained from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum metatranscriptomes, indicating BcMyV1 should be a strain of SsNSRV7. Phylogenetic analysis based on RdRp domains showed that BcMyV1 was clustered with the viruses in the family Mymonaviridae, suggesting it is a member of Mymonaviridae. BcMyV1 may be widely distributed in regions where B. cinerea occurs in China and even over the world, although it infected only 0.8% of tested B. cinerea strains.

scholarly journals Pourriture vulgaire et pourriture noble en Bordelais

OENO One ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Bernard Pucheu-Planté ◽  
Gérard Seguin ◽  
Michel Mercier
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Grape Berry ◽  
Simultaneous Development

<p style="text-align: justify;">Contrairement à la « pourriture vulgaire » qui correspond au développement simultané de <em>Botrytis cinerea</em> et de divers champignons (<em>Penicillium</em>, <em>Aspergillus</em>, etc...) sur la baie de raisin éclatée, « la pourriture noble » correspond à un développement presque exclusif de <em>Botrytis</em> sur des baies mûres et apparemment intactes.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Dans ce travail, on montre que la pénétration des tubes germinatifs ou du mycélium de <em>Botrytis</em> ne peut se faire qu'à travers des microlésions de la pellicule, autres que les cassures péristomatiques, les hyphes se développent entre les cellules de la pellicule mais ressortent à l'extérieur, soit sous forme de mycélium, soit sous forme de conidiophores et assurent ainsi la propagation de la pourriture.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">+++</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Contrary to « common rot » which corresponds to the simultaneous development of <em>Botrytis cinerea</em> and various fungi (<em>Penicillium</em>, <em>Aspergillus</em>, etc...) on the burst grape berry, « noble rot » corresponds to an almost exclusive development of <em>Botrytis</em> on ripe and apparently intact berries.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">In this work, it is shown that the penetration of the germinative tubes or mycelium of <em>Botrytis</em> can only take place through the micro-lesions of the pellicle, the hyphae develop between the cells of other than the peristomatic breaks the pellicle but come out on the outside, either in the form of mycelium, or in the form of conidiophores and thus propagate the rot.</p>

scholarly journals The Search for Quorum Sensing in Botrytis cinerea: Regulatory Activity of Its Extracts on Its Development

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Esteban D. Rosero-Hernández ◽  
Fernando L. Echeverri
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Large Crop ◽  
Germ Tubes ◽  
Great Inhibition

Botrytis cinerea is a phytopathogenic fungus that causes large crop and post-harvest losses. Therefore, new and effective strategies are needed to control the disease and to reduce resistance to fungicides. Modulating pathogenicity and virulence by manipulating microbial communication is a promising strategy. This communication mechanism, called Quorum Sensing (QS), has already been reported in bacteria and yeasts; however, it has not yet been studied in B. cinerea. To establish the existence of this biochemical process in B. cinerea, we prepared extracts at different growth times (D1-D12), which were applied to fresh cultures of the same fungi. The chemical analysis of the extracts obtained from several fermentations showed different compositions and biological activities. We confirmed the presence of several phytotoxins, as well as compounds 1-phenylethanol and 3-phenylpropanol. Day five extract (0.1%) inhibited conidia germination and elongation of germ tubes, day seven extract (1%) produced the greatest phytotoxic effect in tomato leaves, and day nine extract (0.1%) was a sporulation inhibitor. In contrast, the extracts from days 7, 9, and 12 of fermentation (0.1% and 0.01%) promoted pellet and biofilm formation. Sporulation was slightly induced at 0.01%, while at 0.1% there was a great inhibition. At the highest extract concentrations, a biocidal effect was detected, but at the lowest, we observed a QS-like effect, regulating processes such as filamentation, morphogenesis, and pathogenesis. These results of the biological activity and composition of extracts suggest the existence of a QS-like mechanism in B. cinerea, which could lead to new non-biocidal alternatives for its control through interference in the pathogenicity and virulence mechanisms of the fungi.

scholarly journals NADPH Oxidases Are Involved in Differentiation and Pathogenicity in Botrytis cinerea

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 808-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadja Segmüller ◽  
Leonie Kokkelink ◽  
Sabine Giesbert ◽  
Daniela Odinius ◽  
Jan van Kan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Regulatory Subunit ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Nadph Oxidases ◽  
Knock Out

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADPH) oxidases have been shown to be involved in various differentiation processes in fungi. We investigated the role of two NADPH oxidases in the necrotrophic phytopathogenic fungus, Botrytis cinerea. The genes bcnoxA and bcnoxB were cloned and characterized; their deduced amino acid sequences show high homology to fungal NADPH oxidases. Analyses of single and double knock-out mutants of both NADPH oxidase genes showed that both bcnoxA and bcnoxB are involved in formation of sclerotia. Both genes have a great impact on pathogenicity: whereas bcnoxB mutants showed a retarded formation of primary lesions, probably due to an impaired formation of penetration structures, bcnoxA mutants were able to penetrate host tissue in the same way as the wild type but were much slower in colonizing the host tissue. Double mutants showed an additive effect: they were aberrant in penetration and colonization of plant tissue and, therefore, almost nonpathogenic. To study the structure of the fungal Nox complex in more detail, bcnoxR (encoding a homolog of the mammalian p67phox, a regulatory subunit of the Nox complex) was functionally characterized. The phenotype of ΔbcnoxR mutants is identical to that of ΔbcnoxAB double mutants, providing evidence that BcnoxR is involved in activation of both Bcnox enzymes.

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