An innate immune defense mechanism based on the recognition of CpG motifs in microbial DNA

1996 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur M. Krieg
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Cpg Motifs ◽  
Innate Immune Defense ◽  
Microbial Dna

scholarly journals Plant Antimicrobial Peptides as Potential Anticancer Agents

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaquelina Julia Guzmán-Rodríguez ◽  
Alejandra Ochoa-Zarzosa ◽  
Rodolfo López-Gómez ◽  
Joel E. López-Meza
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Innate Immune Defense ◽  
Wide Range

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are part of the innate immune defense mechanism of many organisms and are promising candidates to treat infections caused by pathogenic bacteria to animals and humans. AMPs also display anticancer activities because of their ability to inactivate a wide range of cancer cells. Cancer remains a cause of high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, the development of methods for its control is desirable. Attractive alternatives include plant AMP thionins, defensins, and cyclotides, which have anticancer activities. Here, we provide an overview of plant AMPs anticancer activities, with an emphasis on their mode of action, their selectivity, and their efficacy.

The roles of grouper TANK in innate immune defense against iridovirus and nodavirus infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 506-516
Author(s):  
Jingguang Wei ◽  
Chen Li ◽  
Jisheng Ou ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Zetian Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Defense ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Defense

Black carp STING functions importantly in innate immune defense against RNA virus

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 13-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Lu ◽  
Xu Wang ◽  
Sizhong Wu ◽  
Xuejiao Song ◽  
Ziqi Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Virus ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Black Carp ◽  
Innate Immune Defense

scholarly journals Innate immune defense in the inner ear - mucines are expressed by the human endolymphatic sac

2016 ◽  
Vol 230 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin N. Møller ◽  
Svend Kirkeby ◽  
Per Cayé-Thomasen
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Endolymphatic Sac ◽  
Innate Immune Defense

scholarly journals Cnidarian Interaction with Microbial Communities: From Aid to Animal’s Health to Rejection Responses

Marine Drugs ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loredana Stabili ◽  
Maria Parisi ◽  
Daniela Parrinello ◽  
Matteo Cammarata
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Animal Disease ◽  
Normal Microbiota ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Pathogenic Agents ◽  
And Behavior

The phylum Cnidaria is an ancient branch in the tree of metazoans. Several species exert a remarkable longevity, suggesting the existence of a developed and consistent defense mechanism of the innate immunity capable to overcome the potential repeated exposure to microbial pathogenic agents. Increasing evidence indicates that the innate immune system in Cnidarians is not only involved in the disruption of harmful microorganisms, but also is crucial in structuring tissue-associated microbial communities that are essential components of the Cnidarian holobiont and useful to the animal’s health for several functions, including metabolism, immune defense, development, and behavior. Sometimes, the shifts in the normal microbiota may be used as “early” bio-indicators of both environmental changes and/or animal disease. Here the Cnidarians relationships with microbial communities and the potential biotechnological applications are summarized and discussed.

scholarly journals Metabolic acidosis stimulates the production of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin in rabbit urine

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (5) ◽  
pp. F1061-F1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hu Peng ◽  
Jeffrey M. Purkerson ◽  
Andy L. Schwaderer ◽  
George J. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Innate Immune Defense ◽  
Normal Urine ◽  
Tract Infections

Intercalated cells of the collecting duct (CD) are critical for acid-base homeostasis and innate immune defense of the kidney. Little is known about the impact of acidosis on innate immune defense in the distal nephron. Urinary tract infections are mainly due to Escherichia coli and are an important risk factor for development of chronic kidney disease. While the effect of urinary pH on growth of E. coli is well established, in this study, we demonstrate that acidosis increases urine antimicrobial activity due, at least in part, to induction of cathelicidin expression within the CD. Acidosis was induced in rabbits by adding NH4Cl to the drinking water and reducing food intake over 3 days or by casein supplementation. Microdissected CDs were examined for cathelicidin mRNA expression and antimicrobial activity, and cathelicidin protein levels in rabbit urine were measured. Cathelicidin expression in CD cells was detected in kidney sections. CDs from acidotic rabbits expressed three times more cathelicidin mRNA than those isolated from normal rabbits. Urine from acidotic rabbits had significantly more antimicrobial activity (vs. E. coli) than normal urine, and most of this increased activity was blocked by cathelicidin antibody. The antibody had little effect on antimicrobial activity of normal urine. Urine from acidotic rabbits had at least twice the amount of cathelicidin protein as did normal urine. We conclude that metabolic acidosis not only stimulates CD acid secretion but also induces expression of cathelicidin and, thereby, enhances innate immune defense against urinary tract infections via induction of antimicrobial peptide expression.

scholarly journals Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 Is a Lung-Specific Innate Immune Defense Mechanism That Inhibits Growth of Francisella tularensis Tryptophan Auxotrophs

2010 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 2723-2733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitian Peng ◽  
Denise M. Monack
Keyword(s):  
Francisella Tularensis ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
The Body ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Immune Mechanisms ◽  
Indoleamine 2,3 Dioxygenase ◽  
Organ Specific

ABSTRACT Upon microbial challenge, organs at various anatomic sites of the body employ different innate immune mechanisms to defend against potential infections. Accordingly, microbial pathogens evolved to subvert these organ-specific host immune mechanisms to survive and grow in infected organs. Francisella tularensis is a bacterium capable of infecting multiple organs and thus encounters a myriad of organ-specific defense mechanisms. This suggests that F. tularensis may possess specific factors that aid in evasion of these innate immune defenses. We carried out a microarray-based, negative-selection screen in an intranasal model of Francisella novicida infection to identify Francisella genes that contribute to bacterial growth specifically in the lungs of mice. Genes in the bacterial tryptophan biosynthetic pathway were identified as being important for F. novicida growth specifically in the lungs. In addition, a host tryptophan-catabolizing enzyme, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), is induced specifically in the lungs of mice infected with F. novicida or Streptococcus pneumoniae. Furthermore, the attenuation of F. novicida tryptophan mutant bacteria was rescued in the lungs of IDO1−/− mice. IDO1 is a lung-specific innate immune mechanism that controls pulmonary Francisella infections.

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