Nutrient intakes and dietary patterns of young children by dietary fat intakes

AbstractData on the diets of young children in the UK are limited, despite growing evidence of the importance of early diet for long-term health. We used the largest contemporary dietary data set to describe the intake of 21-month-old children in the UK. Parents of 2336 children aged 21 months from the UK Gemini twin cohort completed 3-d diet diaries in 2008/2009. Family background information was obtained from questionnaires completed 8 months after birth. Mean total daily intakes of energy, macronutrients (g and %E) and micronutrients from food and beverages, including and excluding supplements, were derived. Comparisons with UK dietary reference values (DRV) were made usingttests and general linear regression models, respectively. Daily energy intake (kJ), protein (g) and most micronutrients exceeded DRV, except for vitamin D and Fe, where 96 or 84 % and 70 or 6 % of children did not achieve the reference nutrient intake or lower reference nutrient intake (LRNI), respectively, even with supplementation. These findings reflect similar observations in the smaller sample of children aged 18–36 months in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey. At a population level, young children in the UK are exceeding recommended daily intakes of energy and protein, potentially increasing their risk of obesity. The majority of children are not meeting the LRNI for vitamin D, largely reflecting inadequate use of the supplements recommended at this age. Parents may need more guidance on how to achieve healthy energy and nutrient intakes for young children.

Download Full-text

Nutrient intakes and sources of fiber among children with low and high dietary fiber intake: the 2016 feeding infants and toddlers study (FITS), a cross-sectional survey

BMC Pediatrics ◽

10.1186/s12887-019-1822-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kristen Finn ◽

Emma Jacquier ◽

Brian Kineman ◽

Heidi Storm ◽

Ryan Carvalho

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Diet Quality ◽

Whole Grains ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

Nutrient Intakes ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dietary Fiber Intake

Abstract Background Increasing dietary fiber intake in children may improve overall diet quality. The purpose of this study was to compare nutrient intakes and sources of fiber between young children with low and high fiber intakes utilizing data from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) 2016. Methods The FITS 2016 was a nationwide, cross sectional survey of caregivers designed to assess food and nutrient intakes, feeding behaviors, and dietary patterns among infants and young children living in the U.S. Energy adjusted macro and micronutrient intakes (nutrients/1000 kcals) of children with energy adjusted fiber intakes (g/1000 kcals) in the highest quartile were compared to those in the lowest quartile with paired t-tests. Sources of fiber for each quartile were ranked according to percent of total fiber intake. Results Children with fiber intakes in the highest quartile had significantly lower intakes of total fat (mean difference ranged from 7.4–9.6 g, p < 0.0005) and saturated fat (mean difference ranged from 4 to 5.8 g, p < 0.0005), and significantly higher intakes of vitamin B-6 (mean difference ranged from 0.3–0.4 mg, p < 0.0005), magnesium (mean difference ranged from 57.2–61.8 mg, p < 0.0005), iron (mean difference ranged from 2.2–3.7 mg, p < 0.0005), and potassium (mean difference ranged from 318.2 mg to 446.1 mg, p < 0.0005) compared to children in the lowest quartile across all age groups. Children in the highest quartile had higher intakes of nut butters, legumes, fruits, and vegetables and consumed a greater percentage of grains as whole grains than those in the lowest quartile. Conclusion Encouraging intake of fruits, vegetables, legumes, nut butters, and at least 75% of grains as whole grains may help young children improve dietary fiber intake and overall diet quality.

Download Full-text

Conditioned preferences: Young children prefer flavors associated with high dietary fat

Physiology & Behavior ◽

10.1016/0031-9384(91)90590-k ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 50 (6) ◽

pp. 1245-1251 ◽

Cited By ~ 191

Author(s):

S.L. Johnson ◽

L. McPhee ◽

L.L. Birch

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Dietary Fat

Download Full-text

Empirically derived major dietary patterns and their associations with overweight in Korean preschool children

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114507720226 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 98 (2) ◽

pp. 416-421 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Kyung Ok Shin ◽

Se-Young Oh ◽

Hyun Suh Park

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Health Status ◽

Young Children ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dairy Products ◽

Food Groups ◽

Fast Foods ◽

Usual Diet ◽

Milk And Dairy Products

Prevailing dietary patterns and their association with nutritional outcomes are poorly understood, particularly for children in Korea. Our purposes were to identify major dietary patterns and to examine their associations with overweight among young children in Korea. For 1441 preschool children, usual diet was assessed by a FFQ, from which thirty-three food groups were created and entered into a factor analysis. We identified three dietary patterns by relative intake frequency of (1) vegetables, seaweeds, beans, fruits, milk and dairy products (Korean healthy pattern); (2) beef, pork, poultry, fish and fast foods (animal foods pattern); and (3) ice cream, soda, chocolate, cookies and candies (sweets pattern). The Korean healthy pattern was associated with better health status. As compared with the lowest quintile, the multivariate-adjusted OR of the highest quintile for health status inferior or similar to their peers was 0·59 (95 % CI 0·42, 0·84). Likelihood of being overweight was higher among those in the highest quintile (OR 1·77 (95 % CI 1·06, 2·94)) v. the lowest quintile regarding the animal foods pattern. These findings suggest that major dietary patterns are predictors of overweight and health status in Korean preschool children.

Download Full-text

Dietary intakes and dietary patterns among pregnant women in Northwest China

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980016002159 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 282-293 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Jiaomei Yang ◽

Shaonong Dang ◽

Yue Cheng ◽

Huizhen Qiu ◽

Baibing Mi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Northwest China ◽

Shaanxi Province ◽

Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Nutrient Intakes ◽

Cross Sectional Survey

AbstractObjectiveTo describe nutrient intakes, characterize dietary patterns and analyse their associations with sociodemographic characteristics among pregnant women in Shaanxi, China.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional survey.SettingTwenty counties and ten districts in Shaanxi Province of Northwest China, 2013.SubjectsWomen (n 7462) were recruited using a stratified multistage random sampling method to report diets during pregnancy, at 0–12 months (median 3 months; 10th–90th percentile, 0–7 months) after delivery.ResultsPregnant women had higher intakes of fat, niacin and vitamin E than the nutrient reference values, while most micronutrients such as vitamin A, folate, Ca and Zn were reportedly low. Women in the highest education, occupation and household income groups had higher nutrient intakes than those in the lowest groups. Nutrient intake differences also existed by geographic area, residence and maternal age at delivery. Three dietary patterns were identified: balanced pattern, vegetarian pattern and snacks pattern. Participants with high balanced pattern scores tended to be better educated, wealthier, 25–29 years old at delivery, working outside and living in urban areas and central Shaanxi. Women with high scores on the vegetarian pattern and snacks pattern tended to be in low balanced pattern score groups, and had lower nutrient intakes than those in the high balanced pattern score groups.ConclusionsThe study suggested that pregnant women in Shaanxi, China had low intakes of most nutrients such as vitamin A, folate and Ca. Dietary patterns and most nutrient intakes varied by sociodemographic characteristics. Targeted programmes are needed to improve dietary intakes and dietary patterns among sociodemographically disadvantaged groups.

Download Full-text

Dietary patterns of 11-year-old children and associations with nutrient intakes

Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics ◽

10.1111/j.1365-277x.2011.01177_33.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 399-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. Patel ◽

C. S. Murray ◽

A. Simpson ◽

A. Custovic

Keyword(s):

Dietary Patterns ◽

Nutrient Intakes

Download Full-text

Dietary patterns throughout childhood and associations with nutrient intakes

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980012004132 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. 1801-1809 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Victoria Cribb ◽

Pauline Emmett ◽

Kate Northstone

Keyword(s):

Dietary Patterns ◽

Principal Component ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Strong Correlations ◽

Nutrient Intakes ◽

Nutrient Profile ◽

Parents And Children ◽

Total Fat ◽

Traditional Patterns ◽

Nutrient Profiles

AbstractObjectiveTo examine how the dietary patterns of children at various time points throughout childhood relate to estimated nutrient intakes.DesignFFQ at 3, 4, 7 and 9 years of age were completed by mothers. Dietary patterns were identified cross-sectionally using principal component analysis; ‘processed’, ‘health conscious’ and ‘traditional’ patterns were consistently obtained. Correlations between pattern scores and nutrient intakes and proportions of variance in nutrients explained by the patterns were calculated.SettingAvon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), Bristol, UK.SubjectsChildren provided data between 3 and 9 years of age (n 8010 to 10 023).ResultsDietary patterns explained substantial proportions of the variance of the absolute intake for most nutrients (>25 % at 3 years of age, >40 % other ages). After energy adjustment, protein, fibre, K, Mg, Fe, Zn, folate, thiamin and vitamin B6 continued to be well explained. Strong correlations were observed between the ‘processed’ pattern and macronutrients including energy (r = 0·481–0·619), total fat (r = 0·529–0·662) and total sugar (r = 0·475–0·693). However correlations with most micronutrients were reversed after energy adjustment, suggesting that the ‘processed’ pattern is energy-dense but nutrient-poor. The ‘health conscious’ and ‘traditional’ patterns were strongly positively correlated with protein, fibre and most micronutrients, whether energy adjusted or not. Higher scores on these patterns were associated with a better nutrient profile.ConclusionsDietary patterns explain a reasonable amount of the variation in the nutrient content of diets. Higher scores on the ‘health conscious’ and ‘traditional’ dietary patterns were related to better nutrient profiles; conversely, with higher scores on the ‘processed’ pattern the nutrient profile was poorer.

Download Full-text