Developing a register for randomized controlled trials in prosthodontics: Results of a search from prosthodontic journals published in the United States

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 699-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman B. Dumbrigue ◽  
Jack S. Jones ◽  
Josephine F. Esquivel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
The United States ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled

scholarly journals Child Advocacy Centers in the United States and Music Therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Ann Blank
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Music Therapy ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
The United States ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
Music Therapists ◽  
Randomized Controlled

In the United States, children who suffer trauma or abuse receive services through Children’s Advocacy Centers (CACs). Over 800 CACs provided treatment and services to nearly 325,000 children in 2016 (National Children’s Alliance, 2016b).  CACs coordinate the work of multidisciplinary teams (MDT) including law enforcement, mental health, medical, and social service personnel to help children and families heal. CACs are autonomous groups made up of affiliations with many local agencies. This article provides a description of the National Children’s Alliance (NCA) standards for implementing treatment, including the state of music therapy implementation in CACs. The literature has shown that music therapy can be helpful to address needs of children and families who have experienced trauma, suggesting that this may offer a helpful treatment modality in CACs. However, music therapy is rarely available in CACs. This may be, in part, a result of the lack of randomized controlled trials, a key determining factor for inclusion in the annotated bibliography that accompanies the NCA Standards (National Children’s Alliance, 2013). Music therapy practice has addressed the clinical needs of children and teens who have been abused. This work is often presented in clinical reflections, not randomized controlled trials. Music therapy is currently not included in the treatment modalities utilized by CACs because of a perceived lack of evidence base. This article attempts to synthesize the information available to provide CACs with the current state of research in music therapy with children who have been abused. This article also provides music therapists with a depth of information about the structure and function of CACs, including a synthesis of the NCA Standards of Practice. The article presents a description for the implementation of music therapy services in a CAC in New Jersey and includes recommendations for music therapists who wish to seek out opportunities for clinical practice at CACs

scholarly journals Designing and Evaluating Culturally Specific Smoking Cessation Interventions for American Indian Communities

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven S. Fu ◽  
Kristine L. Rhodes ◽  
Christina Robert ◽  
Rachel Widome ◽  
Jean L. Forster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
American Indians ◽  
The United States ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Culturally Specific ◽  
Indian Community ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
American Indian Community

Abstract Introduction: American Indians have the highest smoking rates in the United States, yet few randomized controlled trials of culturally specific interventions exist. This study assessed American Indians’ opinions about evidence-based treatment and attitudes toward participating in clinical trials. Methods: Six focus groups were conducted based on smoking status (current/former smoker), sex, and elder status (55 years and older or younger). Meetings were held at local American Indian community organizations. This project was accomplished in partnership with the American Indian Community Tobacco Projects, a community–academic research partnership at the University of Minnesota. Thematic qualitative data analyses were conducted. Results: Participants desired the following: (a) programs led by trained American Indian community members, (b) the opportunity to connect with other American Indian smokers interested in quitting, and (c) programs promoting healthy lifestyles. Strategies desired for treatment included (a) free pharmacotherapy, including nicotine replacement therapy (NRT); (b) nominal incentives, e.g., gift cards for groceries; and (c) culturally specific program components such as American Indian images, education on traditional tobacco use, and quit-smoking messages that target the value of family and include narratives or story telling in recruitment and program materials. Biochemical verification of smoking abstinence, such as salivary cotinine or carbon monoxide breathalyzers, is likely acceptable. Standard treatment or delayed treatment control groups were viewed as potentially acceptable for randomized study designs. Conclusions: Rigorously conducted randomized controlled trials of culturally specific smoking cessation interventions are sorely needed but will only be accomplished with the commitment of funders, researchers, and collaborative trusting relationships with the community.

scholarly journals Review of Pro- and/or Prebiotics in Extensively Hydrolyzed or Amino Acid-Based Infant Formula for Food Allergy

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Nichole Giardina ◽  
Barbara Marriage
Keyword(s):  
Food Allergy ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Background:The incidence of food allergy is a growing health concern in the United States. Research suggests that there is a link between the gut microbiota and the development of allergy. As a result, researchers propose that gut microbial populations could affect the development and management of immunological disease.Objectives:The purpose of this review is to present current evidence of the advantages and disadvantages of probiotic and/or prebiotic addition to extensively hydrolyzed protein (EHF) and amino acid-based infant formulas (AAF) for the management of food allergy.Method:Only randomized controlled trials were included for review. The randomized controlled trials were limited to human subjects less than 12 years of age with a confirmed case of food allergy who were consuming EHF or AAF supplemented with probiotics and/or prebiotics.Results:Eleven studies were included for review. Probiotic and synbiotic addition was associated with an improvement in SCORAD index in EHF and AAF, and EHF significantly moderated immunologic and/or inflammatory responses. Probiotic addition to EHF benefited patients exhibiting hematochezia, and synbiotic addition resulted in softer stool, higher stool frequency, and decreased incidence of infection in some studies.Conclusion:Although few studies report statistically significant effects upon feeding prebiotics or probiotics with EHF and AAF on food allergy, this review sheds light on evidence that such inclusion may have positive impacts on SCORAD index, stool quality, immunologic and inflammatory factors, and incidence of infection.

Human Milk Expression After Domperidone Treatment in Postpartum Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 501-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Taylor ◽  
Gabrielle Logan ◽  
Laurie Twells ◽  
Leigh Anne Newhook
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
The United States ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Milk Volume ◽  
Insufficient Milk

Background: Insufficient milk production is among the most cited reasons by mothers for discontinuing breastfeeding. Medications that can increase milk production, such as domperidone, an off-label galactagogue, are often prescribed. Domperidone is controversial as it is not approved for any purpose in the United States and is approved only for gastrokinetic purposes in Canada and other countries. Research aim: The aim was to update the existing literature on the efficacy of domperidone as a galactagogue compared to placebo when given to mothers with insufficient human milk production. The primary outcome is the change in expressed human milk volume per day from baseline. Methods: The authors independently searched the literature from inception to May 2018. The search included any randomized controlled trials examining the efficacy of domperidone increasing mothers’ expressed human milk, measured via a human milk pump. Both authors independently assessed quality and risk of bias and extracted relevant data. Meta-analysis on expressed human milk volume per day was performed. Results: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria for review; two were excluded from the meta-analysis due to quality grading and insufficient reporting of the outcome of interest. Five studies ( N = 239) were combined in the meta-analysis. The effect size showed an increase in the mean difference of expressed human milk volume in mothers given domperidone, 93.97 mL per day (95% CI [71.12, 116.83 mL]; random effect, T2 0.00, I2 0%). Conclusion: This meta-analysis reports a significant improvement in expressed human milk volume per day with the use of domperidone in mothers experiencing insufficient human milk production.

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