Effects of counterions on the orientation control of photosynthetic reaction center proteins in an applied bias-voltage Langmuir–Blodgett method

The titanium- and silicon-codoped a-C:H films were prepared at different applied bias voltage by magnetron sputtering TiSi target in argon and methane mixture atmosphere. The influence of the applied bias voltage on the composition, surface morphology, structure, and mechanical properties of the films was investigated by XPS, AFM, Raman, FTIR spectroscopy, and nanoindenter. The tribological properties of the films were characterized on an UMT-2MT tribometer. The results demonstrated that the film became smoother and denser with increasing the applied bias voltage up to −200 V, whereas surface roughness increased due to the enhancement of ion bombardment as the applied bias voltage further increased. The sp3carbon fraction in the films monotonously decreased with increasing the applied bias voltage. The film exhibited moderate hardness and the superior tribological properties at the applied bias voltage of −100 V. The tribological behaviors are correlated to the H/E or H3/E2ratio of the films.

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Laser-Induced Growth of Titanium Nitride Microcolumns on Biased Titanium Targets

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.2005.0021 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 62-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

E. György ◽

A. Pérez del Pino ◽

P. Serra ◽

J.L. Morenza

Keyword(s):

Bias Voltage ◽

Single Pulse ◽

Laser Pulses ◽

High Repetition Rate ◽

Applied Bias ◽

Applied Bias Voltage ◽

Surface Microrelief ◽

High Repetition ◽

Melting Threshold ◽

Biased Samples

Titanium targets with a bias voltage ranging from −500 to +500 V were submitted to multipulse high repetition rate Nd:yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG; λ = 1.064 μm, τ ∼ 300 ns, ν = 30 kHz) laser irradiations in nitrogen at intensity values below the single-pulse melting threshold. The morphology of the TiN structures formed under the cumulative action of the laser pulses on the surface of the unbiased and biased targets was investigated by profilometry and scanning electron microscopy. Under these irradiation conditions, a specific columnar surface microrelief developed. The height of the microcolumns reached about 10–15 μm, and their diameter about 1–2 μm. The development of TiN microcolumns was enhanced by the applied bias voltage. The enhancement in the negative biased samples was stronger than that in the positive biased ones.

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Illumination Effect on Admittance Measurements of Polyvinyl Alcohol (Co, Zn-Doped)∕n-Si Schottky Barrier Diodes in Wide Frequency and Applied Bias Voltage Range

10.1063/1.3663178 ◽

2011 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Seçkin Altındal Yerişkin ◽

Habibe Uslu ◽

Tuncay Tunç ◽

Şemsettin Altındal ◽

Muhammed Hasan Aslan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽

Schottky Barrier ◽

Bias Voltage ◽

Schottky Barrier Diodes ◽

Applied Bias ◽

Applied Bias Voltage ◽

Voltage Range ◽

Illumination Effect

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Simulation of a Complete Chain of QCA Cells with Realistic Potentials

VLSI Design ◽

10.1155/2001/13694 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 13 (1-4) ◽

pp. 149-153

Author(s):

M. Girlanda ◽

M. Macucci

Keyword(s):

Numerical Simulation ◽

Bias Voltage ◽

Polarization State ◽

Applied Bias ◽

Applied Bias Voltage ◽

Voltage Unbalance ◽

Complete Chain ◽

A Chain ◽

Realistic Potentials

We present a numerical simulation of the operation of a chain of 3 Quantum Cellular Automanton (QCA) cells, with the inclusion of a realistic procedure to enforce, with an externally applied bias voltage unbalance, the polarization of the first cell. The polarization state is shown to propagate correctly, as long as the bias unbalance applied to the electrodes of the first cell is not so large as to directly perturb nearby cells. The addition of dummy cells is needed to balance the asymmetries existing at the ends of a chain: this is an indication of further difficulties, that may become relevant if fabrication of more complex arrays is attempted.

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