Ultrastructural evaluation of preservation and reperfusion effects of low potassium dextran glucose solution in canine allograft lungs

Commonly, donor lungs are preserved with low potassium dextran glucose solution at low temperature. We hypothesized that adding nutrients and/or cytoprotective agents to preservation solutions improves donor lung quality. Human lung epithelial cells and human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells cultured at 37ºC with serum containing medium were switched to designated testing solutions at 4ºC with 50% O2 for different cold ischemic time, followed by switching back to serum containing culture medium at 37ºC to simulate reperfusion. We found that bicarbonate buffer system should be avoided in preservation solution. When pH was maintained at physiological levels, cell culture media showed better cell survival than in low potassium dextran glucose solution. Phosphate buffered cell culture media were further improved by adding colloid dextran 40. When rat donor lungs were preserved at 4ºC for 24 h, RPMI-1640(p) medium plus dextran 40 or adding cytoprotective agents (alpha 1 antitrypsin, raffinose and glutathione) to low potassium dextran glucose solution prevented alveolar wall swelling, apoptosis, activation of endothelial cells and cellular edema. Using nutrient-rich solution and/or adding multiple cytoprotective agents is a new direction for designing and developing organ preservation solutions. Cell culture model, as a screening tool reduces the use of animals and provides potential underlying mechanisms.

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Antihyperglycemic activity of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. leaf ethanol extract SNEDDS in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Open Chemistry ◽

10.1515/chem-2021-0200 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 184-188

Author(s):

Farida Hayati ◽

Lutfi Chabib ◽

Faiza Dea Sekarraras ◽

Wan Syarifah Faizah

Keyword(s):

Glucose Solution ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Centella Asiatica ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Tween 80 ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Peg 400 ◽

Good Preparation

Abstract This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of SNEDDS of Pegagan Leaf Ethanol Extract (PLE) to reduce fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels in zebrafish. Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. or pegagan is among the medicinal plants widely used to treat diabetes in Indonesia. Maceration was employed with 70% ethanol to obtain a viscous extract for the formulation of SNEDDS with Capryol 90, Tween 80, and PEG 400 (1:6:3). Antihyperglycemic testing was conducted on five groups, consisting of normal, positive control, negative control, P I treatment, and P II treatment. On Day 1, all except the normal group was induced with 300 mg alloxan and soaked in 2% glucose solution for 7 days. On day 8, the treatment consisted of 25 mg/2 L metformin for the positive control, 100 mg/2 L SNEDDS for P I, 200 mg/2 L SNEDDS for P II, and no treatment for the negative control. The SNEDDS characterization obtained 100.6 ± 3.12 nm particle size and −7.93 ± 0.66 mV zeta potential, indicating that the SNEDDS had fulfilled the requirements of good preparation. The antidiabetic activity test found a 69.90% decline in FBG levels in 100 mg/2 L SNEDDS and 72.20% in 200 mg/2 L SNEDDS.

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THE EFFECT OF A LOW POTASSIUM DIET AND OF DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE ACETATE ON THE CATION CONTENT OF RAT ERYTHROCYTES AND MUSCLE

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1016/s0021-9258(18)72156-x ◽

1943 ◽

Vol 150 (2) ◽

pp. 353-357

Author(s):

A.H. Hegnauer

Keyword(s):

Rat Erythrocytes ◽

Cation Content ◽

Low Potassium ◽

Desoxycorticosterone Acetate

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Whole cancer-region enhancement using meglumine-gadopentetate-glucose solution and 7.0-T magnetic resonance imaging

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

10.1016/j.mri.2021.04.007 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Eiichi Sato ◽

Sohei Yoshida ◽

Kota Takeda ◽

Ryoko Yoshida ◽

Yuichi Sato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Glucose Solution ◽

Resonance Imaging

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Impact of air temperature and drug concentration on liquid emission from elastomeric pumps

Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences ◽

10.1186/s40780-020-00185-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tomoya Abe ◽

Kazumasa Matsuzaka ◽

Toshiaki Nakayama ◽

Masanobu Otsuka ◽

Atsunobu Sagara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Temperature ◽

Anticancer Agents ◽

Saline Solution ◽

Emission Rate ◽

Glucose Solution ◽

Sufficient Information ◽

Electronic Control ◽

Rate Relationship ◽

The Relationship ◽

Total Fluid

Abstract Background Elastomeric pumps (EPs) are devices that allow quantitative and continuous drug administration without the need for electronic control, and they are used by being filled with anticancer agents. Although the package inserts of several manufacturers that provide EPs describe the relationship between the flow rate per unit time and temperature, the solution is only saline solution or 5% glucose solution, and data on anticancer drugs have not been published. In this study, we focused on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a drug frequently used in cancer chemotherapy, and examined the effect of changes in standard of EPs and temperature on drug emission. Methods We evaluated the EP data of patients treated with Baxter Infusor® LV5 and SV2.5 in terms of emission rate, relationship between 5-FU prescription amount and emission rate, and relationship between emission rate and monthly air temperature in LV5 and SV2.5. The number of EPs sampled in the study was N = 5708 (n = 2988 for LV5 and n = 2720 for SV2.5). Results In LV5, the emission rate varied from 88 to 97% (median 94.0%), whereas in SV2.5, the emission rate was observed as 97 to 98% (median 97.4%). The 5-FU prescription amount and the emission rate were not correlated in LV5 and SV2.5, respectively (LV5; y = − 0.0015x + 97.305, R2 = 0.0226, SV2.5; y = − 0.001x + 100.25, R2 = 0.0466). LV5 showed a higher emission rate in the months with higher air temperature and a lower emission rate in the month with lower air temperature. In addition, LV5 showed a significant reduction in emission rate compared with SV2.5 in all months (P < 0.001). Conclusions In this study, we clarified that air temperature is an important factor that affects the drug emission of EPs. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the conditions for total fluid volume suitable for the air temperature in each region and to provide sufficient information to patients.

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